Perspective On Health Seeking Behavior Of Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancers From A Pakistani Background.

Oropharyngeal cancers are the most common cancers of head neck region, they are placed amongst the top ten malignancies globally and around 40% of all the cancers in South and South East Asia. Patient's personal behaviour impacts causality more than the environmental factors in the pathology and prognosis of this particular cancer. In our country risk factors are based on poor infrastructure of the health care system, illiteracy, poor socioeconomic status, Betel nut and quid, smokeless and smoke tobacco. We recommend that an active precautionary approach is required to restrict the rising incidence in the oral cancers, particularly due to culturally related risk habits and reluctance to seek early healthcare amongst our people. Primary prevention is the need of time.

"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the maxillary sinus: A case report".

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are one of the most complex and rare neoplasms that have been discovered, with varying behavior in different cases. They mostly arise in the thoracic and abdominal cavity, the lungs, retroperitoneum, and extremities. They can also be detected in the head and neck area. IMTs have no age or gender preference which makes them tougher to anticipate. Head and neck IMTs are benign neoplasms with locally aggressive behavior and a low risk of metastatic spread. They have an unknown etiology, and they resemble malignant lesions radiologically. In this case report, we will review the case of a 40-year-old woman with an unusual IMT in the maxillary sinus that presented as a challenge in diagnosis and management.

Cerebral malaria: insight into pathogenesis, complications and molecular biomarkers.

Cerebral malaria is a medical emergency. All patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria with neurologic manifestations of any degree should be urgently treated as cases of cerebral malaria. Pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is due to damaged vascular endothelium by parasite sequestration, inflammatory cytokine production and vascular leakage, which result in brain hypoxia, as indicated by increased lactate and alanine concentrations. The levels of the biomarkers' histidine-rich protein II, angiopoietin-Tie-2 system and plasma osteoprotegrin serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Brain imaging may show neuropathology around the caudate and putamen. Mortality is high and patients who survive sustain brain injury which manifests as long-term neurocognitive impairments.

Concern over Zika virus outbreak: another alarming global threat.

Zika virus, as highlighted by the World Health Organization in February 2016, has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. Zika virus is enveloped and icosahedral, and has a nonsegmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. It belongs to Flaviviridae family. Aedes aegypticus mosquito is the known vector. Transmission is anthroponotic (human to vector to human) during outbreaks, or occurs perinatally in utero, sexually, and via transfusion of infected blood. Zika virus is turning out to be a major public health concern. Not only has it shown dramatic teratogenic association and caused serious neurological concerns but it has also spread around the globe. Countries that have not yet been affected by Zika virus should adopt proper preventive methods to limit its spread in the population.