ABSTRACT
Frutescone A-G [(1-6), (+)-7, (-)-7], a new group of naturally occurring tasmanone-based meroterpenoids, were isolated from the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens L. Compounds 1 and 4 featured a rare carbon skeleton with an unprecedented oxa-spiro[5.8] tetradecadiene ring system, existing as two favored equilibrating conformers in CDCl3 solution, identified by variable-temperature NMR. The regioselective syntheses of 4-7 were achieved in a concise manner by a biomimetically inspired key hetero-Diels-Alder reaction "on water". Compounds 1, 4, and 5 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities in vitro.
Subject(s)
Myrtaceae/chemistry , Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Molecular Structure , Stereoisomerism , Terpenes/chemistryABSTRACT
Frutescones H-R (1-11), new sesqui- or monoterpene-based meroterpenoids, were isolated from the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens. Their structures and absolute configurations were established by means of spectroscopic analyses (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and ECD), as well as single-crystal X-ray crystallography of 1, (-)-7, and 9. The anti-inflammatory activities of all isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and the structure-activity relationships of 1-11 are also discussed. Compound 8 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 0.36 µM, which might be related to the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway via the suppression of p65 nuclear translocation and the consequent decrease of IL-6 and TNF-α.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Macrophages/drug effects , Myrtaceae/chemistry , NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors , Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Terpenes/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Interleukin-6/chemistry , Lipopolysaccharides/chemistry , Macrophages/chemistry , Molecular Structure , NF-kappa B/chemistry , Structure-Activity Relationship , Terpenes/chemistry , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the prognostic value of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: Eighty-six patients with ARDS who had normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), from January 2004 to May 2009, were studied retrospectively. The baseline characteristics of the patients were recorded. The plasma concentration of BNP and Murray lung injury score (LIS) of the patients with their outcomes, and the relationship between the BNP concentration and LIS were analyzed. The prediction results of death and survival of patients using the cut off points of concentration of BNP and LIS were also analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were diagnosed as ARDS.Among those patients with ARDS, 55 patients were dead and 31 patients were survival in 14 days. The proportion of pulmonary hypertension (25.8% vs. 72.7%) and that of using large dose of intravenous norepinephrine (38.7% vs. 94.5%), the time without using mechanical ventilation in 14 days [(8.63+/-3.26) days vs. (0.38+/-0.02) days], BNP concentration [(179.5+/-84.5) ng/L vs. (550.8+/-337.1) ng/L] and LIS (1.37+/-0.65 vs. 2.29+/-0.46) differed significantly between the survivors and the nonsurvivors (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The plasma concentration of BNP had a significant correlation with LIS (r=0.786, P<0.001). By using the threshold value of 329.5 ng/L for BNP, the specificity for the prediction of mortality was 96.8%. The threshold value for LIS of 1.875 showed sensitivity of 80.0%. CONCLUSION: BNP concentration and LIS were significantly elevated in nonsurvivors than survivors in patients with ARDS who have normal LVEF. High BNP level can predict mortality.