ABSTRACT
Acinetobacter soli is a new bacterial species described from forest soil. Five cases of bloodstream infection caused by A. soli clonal isolates are reported here for the first time. The patients were neonates admitted to an intensive care unit. This is a new neonatal pathogen with the potential to cause outbreaks.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter/isolation & purification , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Acinetobacter/classification , Cluster Analysis , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative rod that is ubiquitous in the environment and is an opportunistic human pathogen. Here, we report the whole-genome sequencing analysis of A. faecalis HZ01, which presents mycobacterial growth inhibitory activity and was isolated from a contaminated culture of Mycobacterium chubuense ATCC 27278.
ABSTRACT
Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) has been reported in virtually all species of Enterobacteriaceae, which greatly complicates the therapy for infections caused by these organisms. However, the frequency of isolates producing AmpC beta-lactamases, especially plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC), is largely unknown. These beta-lactamases confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam, a multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile. The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of ESBL and pAmpC beta-lactamases in a hospital where MDR enterobacterial isolates recently emerged. A total of 123 consecutive enterobacterial isolates obtained from 112 patients at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during March to June 2001 were included in the study. ESBL was detected by the addition of clavulanate to cephalosporin containing disks and by double diffusion. AmpC production was evaluated by a modified tridimensional test and a modified Hodge test. The presence of plasmid-mediated ampC beta-lactamase genes was evaluated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Sixty-five (53%) of 123 enterobacterial isolates were MDR obtained from 56 patients. ESBL production was detected in 35 isolates; 5 clonal Escherichia coli isolates exhibited high levels of chromosomal AmpC and ESBL production. However, no isolates contained pAmpC genes. Infection or colonization by MDR enterobacteria was not associated with any predominant resistant clones. A large proportion of hospital infections caused by ESBL-producing enterobacteria identified during the study period were due to sporadic infections rather than undetected outbreaks. This observation emphasizes the need to improve our detection methods for ESBL- and AmpC-producing organisms in hospitals where extended-spectrum cephalosporins are in wide use.
Subject(s)
Enterobacteriaceae/enzymology , beta-Lactamases/analysis , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Brazil , Cluster Analysis , DNA Fingerprinting , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Female , Genotype , Hospitals, University , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueSubject(s)
COVID-19 , Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus , Virus Diseases , Humans , SARS-CoV-2/geneticsABSTRACT
Escherichia coli clones ST131, ST69, ST95, and ST73 are frequent causes of urinary tract infections (UTI) and bloodstream infections. Specific clones and virulence profiles of E. coli causing UTI in men has been rarely described. The aim of this study was to characterize patient and clonal characteristics of community-acquired UTI caused by E. coli in men (n=12) and women (n=127) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, complementing a previous work. We characterized isolates in phylogenetic groups, ERIC2-PCR and PFGE types, MLST, genome similarity and virulence gene-profiles. UTI from men were more frequently caused by phylogenetic group B2 isolates (83% versus 42%, respectively, P = 0.01), a group with significantly higher virulence scores compared with women. ST73 was the predominant clone in men (50%) and the second most frequent in women (12%), with the highest virulence score (mean and median=9) among other clones. ST73 gnomes formed at least six clusters. E. coli from men carried significantly higher numbers of virulence genes, such as sfa/focDE (67% versus 27%), hlyA (58% versus 24%), cnf 1 (58% versus 16%), fyuA (100% versus 82%) and MalX (92% versus 44%), compared with isolates from women. These data suggest the predominance and spread of ST73 isolates likely relates to an abundance of virulence determinants.