First report of the emerging zoonotic agent Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica isolated from a retail frozen chicken in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica is an emerging zoonotic bacterium commensally living in larvae of particular flies. It has been associated with human and animal infections but never isolated from food. In the present study, a whole chicken carcass was rinsed in buffered peptone water which was then inoculated into BHI and the growth plated onto selective medium. Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS. Those bacteria identified as W. chitiniclastica were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing for confirmation and MEGA software was used to obtain their phylogenetic position. The findings of this study raise concerns regarding the abattoir, transport and stock practices of frozen meat carcasses and should be of interest with regard to microbiology, entomology and food production.

Prevalence of R-type ACSSuT in strains of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT193 isolated from human infections in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tetracyclines (ACSSuT) in Salmonella serovar Typhimurium definitive [phage] type (DT) 193 strains isolated from human sources over the last four decades. METHODS: From 2008 to 2010, 553 DT193 isolates out of 810 human-origin Salmonella ser. Typhimurium phage-typed strains isolated from the 1970s through 2008 were selected and tested for ACSSuT resistance: 91 strains isolated during the 1970s, 65 from the 1980s, 70 from the 1990s, and 327 from 2000-2008. Resistance profiles were determined using the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: An antimicrobial susceptibility assay indicated 20.9%, or 116, of all isolates tested were ACSSuT-resistant, 52.0% (287) were resistant to one or more drugs in the ACSSuT profile, and 27.1% (150) were nonresistant (susceptible to antimicrobials). Based on the assay, overall antimicrobial resistance was extremely high in the 1970s (affecting 99.0% of isolates from that period) and remained high during the 1980s, when 95.4% of isolates had some type of antimicrobial resistance and incidence of Salmonella ser. Typhimurium DT193 R-type ACSSuT increased to 73.8%. R-type ACSSuT dropped to 27.1% (19 isolates) during the 1990s, and to 5.2% (17) during 2000-2008, despite a substantial increase in the number of isolates tested (397 versus 204, 111, and 98, respectively, for the previous three decades). CONCLUSIONS: Although prevalence of Salmonella ser. Typhimurium DT193 R-type ACSSuT in Brazil has decreased since the 1970s, ACSSuT resistance markers continue to circulate. Therefore, continuous surveillance should be conducted to evaluate the occurrence of Salmonella ser. Typhimurium DT193 and its antimicrobial resistance.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica Strain Isolated from Frozen Chicken in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica strain 20, isolated from a chicken carcass originated from indoor broiler farming and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry followed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Enterotoxin-Encoding Genes in Staphylococcus spp. Recovered from Kitchen Equipment from a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and enterotoxin-encoding genes (EEGs) in Staphylococcus spp. recovered from equipment used to prepare hospital meals, in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sixty samples were collected from semi-industrial equipment (one blender and one mixer) in the hospital's kitchen. Resistance genes and SCCmec types were detected by PCR. From the 40 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. identified, 8 were Staphylococcus aureus. Thirty-two (80%) Staphylococcus spp. isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance genetic determinants were detected: erm gene (Staphylococcus epidermidis [n = 2]; Staphylococcus hominis [n = 1]), mecA gene (S. epidermidis [n = 2]), and aa(6')-aph(2'') gene (Staphylococcus caprae [n = 1], S. epidermidis [n = 2], S. hominis [n = 1], Staphylococcus pausteri [n = 1], Staphylococcus simulans [n = 1], and Staphylococcus warneri [n = 1]). The presence of at least one EEG in 83% (n = 33) of the isolates was identified. Two strains of S. epidermidis were methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) and harboring SCCmec type IV. Staphylococcus spp. contaminated some hospital kitchen's equipment, indicating that hygiene procedures should be improved. Results also indicate that meals can be a vehicle to disseminate multiresistant Staphylococcus spp., including MRSE, and Staphylococcus with EEGs.