Skin Flaps for the Repair of Multiple Adjacent Tumors.

In daily clinical practice, the dermatologic surgeon frequently has to excise closely adjacent tumors in the facial region. In such cases, planning of an appropriate reconstruction technique is essential. The aim is to treat all of the lesions in a single surgical intervention, if possible, and to achieve a good functional and cosmetic outcome. We present 5 patients in whom a single flap was used to repair multiple adjacent defects.

Reconstruction of Surgical Defects of the Labial Commissure.

The main objective of oncologic dermatologic surgery is the complete excision of skin tumors. During reconstruction of the defect, we must attempt to preserve function and cosmetic appearance. At the labial commissure, fibers from the superior and inferior portions of the orbicularis oris muscle intersect and the vermillion inserts onto the modiolus, a complex, cone-shaped structure at the angle of the mouth. Surgical reconstruction of the labial commissure is challenging because of the need to preserve sphincter function and cosmetic symmetry. We present a number of cases of surgical defects at the labial commissure and describe the reconstruction techniques used. We also propose an algorithm to help determine the most suitable technique for different cases.

Reconstructive surgery of the medial zygomatic region of the cheek: presentation of 5 cases.

The cheek is the largest anatomical subunit of the face. It is a bilateral structure and symmetry must therefore be preserved. Peripherally it is related to important natural orifices whose location must also be maintained during surgical reconstructions. This is particularly important in the medial zygomatic subunit, whose delicate junction with the lower eyelid means that care must be taken to avoid ectropion. We present 5 options for the reconstruction of surgical defects secondary to the excision of tumors in this region.

Subcutaneous pedicled V-Y advancement flap for surgical reconstruction of the auricle of the ear.

The subcutaneous pedicled V-Y advancement flap is useful for the repair of small and medium-sized defects in areas where it is easy to obtain a good subcutaneous pedicle (upper lip, cheek, eyebrow, and nasal tip and ala). The almost complete absence of subcutaneous tissue on the anterior aspect of the auricle of the ear can limit the use of this approach in this region. We present 4 patients in whom subcutaneous pedicled V-Y advancement flaps were used to repair surgical defects of the helix, scaphoid fossa, and antitragus, achieving a good functional and aesthetic result in all cases.

Design of a temporoparietal fascial flap after a spontaneous nasal fistula unresolved by conventional approaches.

We report the surgical management of a spontaneous and recurrent nasal fistula using a temporoparietal fascial flap for definitive treatment after several failed attempts to close the fistula by conventional approaches. Two formalin-fixed cadaveric human heads were also dissected to study the anatomy and surgical technique involved in the design of the temporoparietal fascial flap.

Reconstructing Ear Defects Using the Revolving Door Island Flap: A Case Series. / Reconstrucción de defectos auriculares mediante el «colgajo en isla en puerta giratoria¼. Serie de casos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Defects of the anterior region of the pinna pose a reconstruction challenge owing to the complex topography and difficult access. We report our experience using the revolving door island flap (RDIF) to reconstruct pinna defects and present the surgical results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of patients undergoing ear reconstruction using RDIF at different sites of the anterior region after resection of malignant tumors. RESULTS: Seventeen patients underwent surgery between 2011 and 2019 for squamous cell carcinoma (n=7) and basal cell carcinoma (n=10). Conventional histology showed disease-free surgical margins in all the resected tissue specimens. The mean follow-up period was 40 months. One local recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma was observed, which responded well to radiation therapy; all patients were free of disease at the end of follow-up. Only 3 patients presented minor complications (depression of the flap surface in 1 case and retraction of the ear toward the mastoid process in 2 cases). Subjective rating scales were used to evaluate cosmetic and functional outcomes as assessed by both the dermatologist and the patient. The normal contour of the pinna was conserved in all patients and no patients required additional corrective surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of the pinna using RDIF allowed for satisfactory repair following complete resection of the tumors, while conserving structure and functionality. RDIF has been reported to be a very good option for reconstruction of the pinna. It is a simple technique that makes it possible to repair large defects with minimal risk of necrosis. In our series, the cosmetic results were excellent and recurrence rates were very low. RDIF provided optimal results in repairing lesions in the concha and in other regions, such as the antihelix, triangular fossa, and scapha.

Follow-up in head and neck cancer. What the radiologist must know. / Seguimiento del cáncer de cabeza y cuello tratado. Lo que el radiólogo debe conocer.

The management of patients with head and neck cancer implies a multidisciplinary treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Imaging is crucial in their follow-up, especially when the tumor recurrence is not clinically evident. Radiologically distinguishing post-treatment changes from a tumor recurrence is a challenge due to the anatomical alteration due to surgical techniques and their reconstructions, radiotherapy treatment and chemotherapeutic guidelines. The differential diagnosis must include the possible complications derived from radiotherapy (mucosal necrosis, osteoradionecrosis, vasculopathy, cerebral radionecrosis) and surgery (wound infections, flap necrosis, fistulas,...). A wide knowledge of the expected findings of multimodal treatment and its complications is essential for an accurate diagnosis of tumor recurrence. Finally, choosing the appropriate image study and having a baseline post-treatment study is also relevant for a suitable radiological control.

Reconstruction using facial artery system-based flaps. One vascular system for multiple purposes in head and neck reconstructive surgery. / Reconstrucción mediante colgajos basados en el sistema de la arteria facial. Un sistema vascular para múltiples usos en cirugía reconstructiva de cabeza y cuello.

INTRODUCTION: to review the modifications and advances in reconstructive surgery of the soft tissues of the oral cavity exclusively based on flaps that depend on the facial artery system. METHODS: review of the literature regarding oral cavity reconstructions based on main facial artery system flaps. DISCUSSION: The reconstruction of the soft tissues of the oral cavity, based on facial artery system flaps, offers satisfactory results and allows limited reconstructions avoiding the use of pedicled regional flaps or free flaps. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of reconstructive options using the facial artery system in oral cavity surgery allows expanding reconstructive options for head and neck surgeons, enabling safe, high quality and effective reconstructions, with limited resources consumption.

Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica. Sus aplicaciones en Cirugía Plástica / Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Its applications in Plastic Surgery

La oxigenoterapia hiperbárica (OHB) puede mejorar la cicatrización de las heridas. La hipoxia, la alteración de la angiogénesis y la inflamación prolongada son condiciones constantes que la OHB favorece su reversibilidad; hace ya muchos años que, en el listado de indicaciones reconocidas por Sociedades Científicas que rigen esta práctica, se encuentra como indicación aceptada para el tratamiento coadyuvante en injertos o colgajos en riesgo isquémico, como también en heridas refractarias; en la última década, paulatinamente, con la difusión y el aumento de las facilidades para acceder a equipos hiperbáricos, las indicaciones se extendieron al área de la cirugía plástica, para tratamiento de complicaciones posoperatorias en tejidos isquémicos o necrosados y también para preacodicionamiento preoperatorio y sostén posoperatorio de cierto grupo de pacientes con mayor riesgo de sufrir una complicación, en las lipotransferencias como coadyuvante para aumento de la preservación de una mayor cantidad de tejido graso. Las publicaciones al respecto son cada día más frecuentes, algunas presentan un pequeño número de casos, otras son estudios de cohorte retrospectivos, con un nivel de evidencia elevado. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el concepto básico de los efectos de la OHB, referencia al estado actual de las distintas indicaciones en uso en cirugía plástica y medicina cosmética y la experiencia personal al respecto.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT) can improve wound healing, hypoxia, alteration of angiogenesis and prolonged infl ammation are constant conditions that HOT favors its reversibility for many years now, in the list of indications recognized by Scientifi c Societies. that govern this practice, is a recognized indication for adjuvant treatment in grafts or fl aps at ischemic risk, as well as in refractory wounds; In the last decade, gradually, with the dissemination and increase in the facilities to access hyperbaric equipment, the indications were extended to the area of plastic surgery, for the treatment of post-operative complications in ischemic or necrotic tissues as well as for preconditioning. operative and post-operative support of a certain group of patients with a higher risk of suff ering a complication, in lipotransferences as an adjuvant to increase the preservation of a greater amount of fatty tissue. Publications in this regard are becoming more frequent every day, some present a small number of cases, others are retrospective cohort studies, with a high level of evidence. The objective of this article is to present the basic concept of the eff ects of HOT, reference to the current state of the diff erent indications in use in plastic surgery, and cosmetic medicine and personal experience in this regard

Colgajo infrahioídeo: Reporte de un caso y revisión de la técnica quirúrgica

Introducción: El colgajo infrahioideo (CI) es una alternativa reconstructiva para defectos en cavidad oral, orofaringe e hipofaringe. Se trata de un colgajo musculocutáneo pediculado e inervado que suele ser bien tolerado en el postoperatorio. Caso Clínico: Se describe la técnica quirúrgica del CI en relación al caso de un paciente de 58 años con carcinoma escamoso de lengua izquierda, a quien se le realiza resección amplia de dicho tumor. Se reconstruye mediante CI, lográndose cobertura exitosa con buena evolución postoperatoria. Discusión: Los colgajos regionales y pediculados son un eslabón fundamental en el abanico de opciones reconstructivas frente a un paciente con cáncer oral. El CI es una opción adecuada para defectos medianos con excelentes resultados estéticos y funcionales. Conclusión: El CI constituye una opción reconstructiva sencilla y ampliamente disponible. Requiere de una adecuada planificación preoperatoria con una buena selección de los pacientes para obtener resultados satisfactorios.

Introduction: The infrahyoid flap (IF) is an alternative for reconstruction in defects of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. It is a pedicled and innervated musculocutaneous flap that is usually well tolerated by patients. Clinical Case: We describe the surgical technique of IF with the description of the case of a 58-year-old patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the left tongue. He underwent wide resection and then reconstruction. We performed an IF achieving successful coverage with adequate postoperative course. Discussion: Regional and pedicled flaps are important reconstructive options for patients with oral cancer. The IF is a suitable option for medium defects with excellent aesthetic and functional results. Conclusion: IF is a simple and widely available reconstructive option. It requires adequate preoperative planning with a good selection of patients to obtain satisfactory results.

The Super Shaving Technique to Correct the Trapdoor Effect in Nasal Flaps. / Afeitado profundo (super shaving) para la corrección del efecto en trampilla de colgajos nasales.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The trapdoor effect is a possible complication in flap reconstructions, particularly those involving the face. It consists of a bulging, elevated deformity that appears 3 weeks after the intervention. To date there has been no consensus on how the trapdoor effect should be treated. The aim of this article is to report on our experience with this defect and describe how we use the 'super shaving' technique to resolve the trapdoor effect in nasal flaps. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective, descriptive study of 10 patients who developed a bulging deformity of a nasal flap that was treated surgically with the super shaving technique. We also report on postoperative management. RESULTS: The median age of the 10 patients was 67.7 years and they all developed a bulging transposition flap in the nasal area after conventional or Mohs micrographic surgery. The complication occurred approximately 5 weeks after surgery and healing time was 4 weeks. There were no major postoperative complications and the outcome was of low aesthetic significance compared with the bulging flap. All the patients stated they were very satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In our opinion, the super shaving technique is a fast, effective, simple, and cheap outpatient procedure that offers excellent aesthetic results.

Reparación quirúrgica por vía vaginal de fístulas vesicovaginales: una experiencia exitosa / Vaginal surgical repair of vesico-vaginal fistulas: a successful experience

OBJETIVO: Se presenta una serie de casos de reparación por vía vaginal de fístula vesicovaginal (FVV) de nuestro centro. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se evaluaron todas las pacientes con reparación quirúrgica de FVV en el Centro de Innovación de Piso Pélvico del Hospital Sótero del Río entre 2016 y 2022. RESULTADOS: Se reportaron 16 casos, de los cuales el 81,3% fueron secundarios a cirugía ginecológica. En todos se realizó la reparación por vía vaginal, con cierre por planos. En el 94% (15/16) se logró una reparación exitosa en un primer intento. El tiempo de seguimiento poscirugía fue de 10 meses (rango: 3-29). No hubo casos de recidiva en el seguimiento. Una paciente presentó fístula de novo, la cual se reparó de manera exitosa en un segundo intento por vía vaginal. Se reportaron satisfechas con la cirugía 15 pacientes, con mejoría significativa de su calidad de vida. Una paciente reportó sentirse igual (6,3%), pero sus síntomas se debían a síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva que la paciente no lograba diferenciar de los síntomas previos a la cirugía. CONCLUSIÓN: Las FVV en los países desarrollados son secundarias a cirugía ginecológica benigna. La cirugía por vía vaginal en nuestra serie demostró una alta tasa de éxito, con mejora significativa en la calidad de vida de las pacientes.

OBJETIVE: We present a case series of vesico-vaginal fistulas (VVF) vaginal repair in our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive observational study. All patients with surgical repair of VVF at the Centro de Innovación en Piso Pélvico of Hospital Sótero del Río were evaluated between September 2016 and September 2022. RESULTS: 16 cases were reported. 81.3% were secondary to gynecological surgery. In all cases, a vaginal repair was performed, with a layered closure. 94% (15/16) had no contrast extravasation at the time of examination, confirming fistula closure. The follow-up time was 10 months (range: 3-29). There were no cases of recurrence during follow-up. 1 patient presented de novo fistula which was successfully repaired in a second attempt vaginally. 15/16 patients reported being satisfied with the surgery, with significant improvement in quality of life. 1 patient reported feeling the same (6.3%), but her symptoms were due to overactive bladder syndrome that the patient could not differentiate from the symptoms prior to surgery. CONCLUSION: VFV in developed countries are mainly secondary to benign gynecological surgery. Vaginal surgery in our series achieved a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients.

Cuidados pós-operatórios em reconstrução com retalhos de ferida traumática em membro inferior: revisão de escopo / Postoperative care in reconstruction with flaps of a traumatic lower limb wound: scope review / Cuidados postoperatorios en reconstrucción con colgajos de herida traumática de miembro inferior: revisión del alcance

Objetivo: mapear os cuidados pós-operatórios em reconstrução com retalhos cirúrgicos de ferida traumática em membro inferior. Método: revisão de escopo desenvolvida de acordo com as recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual em bases de dados referenciais, portais de informação e literatura cinzenta. Foram traçadas duas estratégias de busca para amplo alcance das publicações. Resultados: identificados dez cuidados pós-operatórios nas reconstruções com retalhos cirúrgicos em membro inferior relacionados a momentos específicos desta fase. Sendo categorizados em: 1) Cuidados no pós-operatório imediato, 2) Cuidados no pós-operatório mediato e 3) Transição do Cuidado. Conclusão: embora as reconstruções com retalhos cirúrgicos sejam um tratamento consolidado, a assistência pós-operatória ainda é incipiente quanto aos cuidados recomendados. Não há consenso sobre a implementação dos cuidados no manejo pós-operatório. O monitoramento dos retalhos cirúrgicos, clínico ou por dispositivos, foi o único cuidado contemplado em todas as publicações selecionadas, considerado essencial no pós-operatório independente da fase(AU)

Objective: to map postoperative care in reconstruction with surgical flaps of a traumatic wound in the lower limb. Method: scope review developed according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual in reference databases, information portals and gray literature. Two search strategies were designed for the wide reach of publications. Results: ten postoperative care procedures were identified and related to specific moments in this phase. Being categorized into: 1) Care in the immediate postoperative period, 2) Care in the mediate postoperative period and 3) Transition of Care. Conclusion: although reconstructions with surgical flaps are a consolidated treatment, postoperative care is still incipient in terms of recommended care. There is no consensus on the implementation of care in postoperative management. The monitoring of surgical flaps, clinical or by devices, was the only care considered in all selected publications, considered essential in the postoperative period, regardless of the phase(AU)

Objetivo: mapear los cuidados postoperatorios en la reconstrucción con colgajos quirúrgicos de una herida traumática en miembro inferior. Método: revisión del alcance desarrollada según las recomendaciones del Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual (Manual del Revisor del Instituto Joanna Briggs) en bases de datos referenciales, portales de información y literatura gris. Se diseñaron dos estrategias de búsqueda para el amplio alcance de las publicaciones. Resultados: se identificaron diez procedimientos de cuidados postoperatorios relacionados con momentos específicos de esta fase. Siendo categorizados en: 1) Atención en el postoperatorio inmediato, 2) Atención en el postoperatorio mediato y 3) Transición de la Atención. Conclusión: si bien las reconstrucciones con colgajos quirúrgicos son un tratamiento consolidado, los cuidados postoperatorios aún son incipientes. No existe consenso sobre la implementación de los cuidados en el manejo postoperatorio. El seguimiento de los colgajos quirúrgicos, clínico o por dispositivo, fue el único cuidado abordado en todas las publicaciones seleccionadas, considerado fundamental en el postoperatorio, independientemente de la etapa(AU)

Encefalocele en paciente con síndrome de Hurler: descripción y revisión de alternativas terapéuticas / Encephalocele in a patient with Hurler syndrome: description and therapeutic alternatives review

Introducción: el síndrome de Hurler es la forma más grave de la mucopolisacaridosis I. El depósito de heparán y dermatán sulfato en las meninges favorece el desarrollo de hidrocefalia y, a su vez, de meningoencefaloceles. Caso clínico: se describe el caso de una paciente de 23 años con este síndrome y un encefalocele nasosinusal intervenido mediante cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal y posterior refuerzo mediante un colgajo pericraneal. Discusión: el abordaje endoscópico de los meningoencefaloceles nasales ha crecido notablemente en los últimos años debido a una tasa de éxito elevada tanto para la eliminación de dicha lesión, como para el adecuado control de la fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo consecuente. Conclusiones: actualmente, la cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal es una herramienta muy útil para el tratamiento de patologías de base de cráneo y reduce la morbilidad causada por el abordaje transcraneal.

Introduction: Hurler syndrome is the most severe version of mucopolysaccharidosis I. The storage of dermatan and heparin sulfate in meninges allows the development of hydrocephalus and meningoencephaloceles. Case report: We report a 23-year-old female with this syndrome and a sinonasal encephalocele operated by endoscopic sinonasal surgery and subsequent pericranial flap as support. Discussion: Endoscopic sinonasal surgery has grown in last years in relation with treatment of sinonasal meningoencephaloceles due to a high rate of success removing the lesion and closing the subsequent cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Conclusion: Currently, the endoscopic sinonasal surgery has become a useful tool in the management of skull base pathologies, and reduces the morbidity due to a transcranial approach.

Cirugía plástica periodontal con uso de injertos de tejido conectivo en recesiones

La cirugía plástica periodontal es una alternativa para recubrir las superficies radiculares expuestas por recesiones gingivales, devuelve la estética y mantiene la dentición completamente funcional durante la vida del paciente. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue presentar mediante una revisión narrativa la eficacia de la cirugía periodontal con uso de injertos de tejido conectivo en el tratamiento de recesiones gingivales clase I y II de Miller. De la búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed entre los años 2015 y 2022 donde se obtuvieron 364 artículos, tras verificar el cumplimiento de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión 47 artículos fueron analizados por completo. El uso de un colgajo desplazado coronalmente con injerto de tejido conectivo permite conseguir una alta eficacia de cobertura de las superficies radiculares expuestas, mostrando además un evidente éxito con 95% de cobertura total de la superficie radicular en colgajos desplazado lateralmente con injerto de tejido conectivo. La eficacia de la cobertura radicular en recesiones gingivales clase I y II de Miller es atribuida al uso de injertos de tejido conectivo combinados con un adecuado colgajo que permita la correcta irrigación del injerto

Periodontal plastic surgery is an alternative to cover root surfaces exposed by gingival recession. This technique restores aesthetics and maintains the fully functional dentition for the life of the patient. The aim of this review was to present, through a narrative review, the efficacy of periodontal surgery with the use of connective tissue grafts in the treatment of Miller class I and II gingival recession. Three hundred sixty-four articles were obtained from the PubMed database search between the years 2015 and 2022. After verifying compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 47 articles were fully analyzed. The use of a coronally displaced flap and connective tissue graft allows to achieve a high coverage efficiency of the exposed root surfaces, also showing an evident success with 95% total coverage of the root surface using a laterally displaced flap with connective tissue graft. The efficacy of root coverage in Miller class I and II gingival recessions was attributed to the use of connective tissue grafts combined with an adequate flap that allows the correct irrigation of the graft.

Manejo inicial del paciente quemado, segunda edición. Reseña bibliográfica / Initial management of the burn patient, second edition. Bibliographic review

Resumen El libro titulado "Manejo inicial del paciente quemado, segunda edición" escrito por el médico Andrés Ferro Morales, quien es especialista en cirugía plástica-estética y reconstructiva de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, actualmente profesor titular y coordinador académico del posgrado de cirugía plástica en la Universidad el Bosque y profesor asociado del programa de cirugía plástica de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, es el objeto de esta reseña. Se podría decir que este libro ha sido uno de los textos guías primordiales en la formación de varias de las generaciones de residentes de cirugía plástica, internos y estudiantes de medicina en el país por su considerable riqueza bibliográfica y su sobresaliente forma de expresar los distintos temas que se tratan en el manejo del paciente quemado lo que lo hace un texto grandioso para cualquier persona del sector salud interesada en el aprendizaje de este tema.

Abstract The book titled "Initial Management of the Burned Patient, second edition" written by Dr. Andres Ferro Morales who is a specialist in aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, a professor and academic coordinator of the postgraduate program in plastic surgery at the Universidad El Bosque and associate professor of the plastic surgery program at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, is the subject of this review. It could be said that this book has been one of the main guiding texts in the training of several generations of plastic surgery residents, interns, and medical students in the country due to its considerable bibliographic wealth and its outstanding way of expressing the different topics that are discussed in the management of burn patients, which makes it a great text for anyone in the health sector interested in learning about this topic.

Reconstrucción de alas nasales con técnica de colgajo invertido. Presentación de dos casos

RESUMEN La reconstrucción nasal nace en la India, 3000 años antes de nuestra era. La reconstrucción nasal ha seguido tres líneas básicas: el método indiano, utilizando el colgajo frontal mediano; el método francés con el colgajo lateral de la mejilla; y el método italiano con el colgajo braquial. Los colgajos permiten reconstruir defectos restaurando la forma y función nasal. El método clásico para reconstruir el ala nasal es el colgajo nasogeniano. El colgajo nasogeniano tiene características determinadas en cuanto a localización, tamaño, patrón circulatorio, vascularización, inervación y función. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes tratados en el Princess Marina Hospital de Botswana en África, los cuales necesitaron colgajos nasogenianos invertidos para la reconstrucción de sus alas nasales. Luego de la aplicación del procedimiento se logró recuperar el ala nasal afectada devolviendo en ambos casos funcionabilidad, armonía, simetría y orden con relación a la contralateral en ausencia de complicaciones. Se presentan los casos por lo interesante que resulta este tipo de intervención realizada por especialistas cubanos en su colaboración médica en un país africano.

ABSTRACT Nasal reconstruction was born in India, 3000 years before our era. Nasal reconstruction has followed three basic lines: the Indian method, using the median frontal flap; the French method with the lateral cheek flap; and the Italian method with the brachial flap. Flaps allow the reconstruction of defects by restoring nasal shape and function. The classic method for reconstructing the ala nasal is the nasolabial flap. The nasolabial flap has specific characteristics in terms of location, size, circulatory pattern, vascularization, innervation, and function. We present two cases of patients treated at the Princess Marina Hospital in Botswana in Africa, who required inverted nasolabial flaps for the reconstruction of their nasal wings. After the application of the procedure, the affected nasal wing was recovered, returning functionality, harmony, symmetry and order in both cases in relation to the contralateral wing in the absence of complications. The inverted nasolabial flap is useful to restore the contour of the nasal wing, as well as to support the wing and to shape the nasal floor. This flap can have a minimum of complications if the structures are handled gently and the sutures are handled without tension. That cases are presented because of how interesting this type of intervention is, carried out by Cuban specialists in their medical collaboration in an african country.

Reconstrucción nasal de lesiones oncológicas. Presentación de dos casos

Se realizó un informe de casos con el objetivo de mostrar la reconstrucción de dos pacientes operados con diagnóstico de carcinoma basocelular en ala nasal, donde se observó la evolución según la modalidad terapéutica empleada tras la resección del tumor. En ambos pacientes se logró la funcionalidad y estética deseadas, con una remoción completa del tumor y garantizando calidad de vida, lo cual es objetivo primordial de la oncología moderna. En pacientes con carcinomas basocelulares la cirugía continúa siendo la mejor opción, con la utilización de colgajos cutáneos para la reparación del defecto, no obstante, debido a sus características, la nariz supone un desafío quirúrgico. No existe un colgajo ideal, se trata de un proceder individualizado, para cada paciente debe planificarse la opción reconstructiva acorde a sus características propias, así como a las del defecto quirúrgico residual.

A case report was made with the aim of showing the reconstruction surgery of two patients with a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma in nasal ala, in which the evolution was observed according to the therapeutic modality used after tumor resection. In both patients, the functionality and esthetics objectives were achieved, with the completed resection of tumor and with the guarantee of a good quality of life, which is the high priority of modern oncology. In patients with basal cell carcinoma, surgery continues to be the best option with the use of skin flaps to repair the nasal defect; however, due to its characteristics, nasal surgery is a surgical challenge. There is no ideal flap, it is an individualized procedure, and the reconstructive option must be planned according to each patient and their own characteristics, as well as those concerning the residual surgical defect.

Foi feito um relato de caso com o objetivo de mostrar a reconstrução de dois pacientes operados com diagnóstico de carcinoma basocelular em asa nasal, onde foi observada a evolução de acordo com a modalidade terapêutica utilizada após a ressecção do tumor. Em ambos os pacientes, a funcionalidade e estética desejadas foram alcançadas, com remoção completa do tumor e garantia de qualidade de vida, objetivo primordial da oncologia moderna. Nos pacientes com carcinomas basocelulares, a cirurgia continua sendo a melhor opção, com a utilização de retalhos cutâneos para correção do defeito, porém, por suas características, o nariz é um desafio cirúrgico. Não existe retalho ideal, é um procedimento individualizado, para cada paciente a opção reconstrutiva deve ser planejada de acordo com suas características, bem como as do defeito cirúrgico residual.

Colgajo adipofascial de flujo reverso del dorso del antebrazo para reconstrucción de la mano y muñeca: nuestra experiencia clínica / Back Forearm Reverse Flow Adipofascial Flap for hand and wrist reconstruction: our clinical experience

Los defectos cutáneos de la mano pueden ser difíciles de resolver. La cobertura cutánea es esencial para proveer una protección adecuada y permitir el funcionamiento correcto de las estructuras subyacentes. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar nuestra experiencia con el uso del colgajo adipofascial de flujo reverso del dorso del antebrazo para cobertura del dorso de la mano, dedos y muñeca en pacientes tratados en la ciudad de San Cristóbal, Estado Táchira, desde mayo de 2015 hasta enero de 2018. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, descriptivo y prospectivo en pacientes con pérdidas cutáneas extensas de la mano, que fueron cubiertas con el colgajo adipofascial reverso del dorso del antebrazo. Se incluyeron 10 pacientes. 90% de sexo masculino. La edad promedio fue 41±12,32(13-69). La etiología de los defectos fue: 40% traumatismos de alta energía, 30% mano diabética tropical, 10% secuela de quemadura de segundo grado, 10% herida por arma de fuego artesanal, 10% carcinoma primario de piel. 100% de los colgajos sobrevivieron, logrando buena cobertura y cicatrización sin necesidad de otros procedimientos quirúrgicos y con mínimas complicaciones de la zona dadora. La función de la mano y muñeca se recuperó en todos los pacientes. En conclusión, el colgajo adipofascial de flujo reverso del antebrazo es un procedimiento útil, versátil y sencillo para la reconstrucción del dorso de la mano, dedos y cara volar de muñeca en pacientes de distintas edades(AU)

Hand skin defects can be difficult to resolve. Skin coverage is essential to provide adequate protection and allow proper function of the underlying structures. The objective of this study is to report our experience with the use of the Back Forearm Reverse Flow Adipofascial Flap to cover the back of the hand, fingers and wrist in patients treated in the city of San Cristóbal, Táchira State, since may 2015 to january 2018. A longitudinal, descriptive and prospective study was made in patients with extensive skin losses of the hand, which were covered with the Back Forearm Reverse Flow Adipofascial Flap. 10 patients were included. 90,0% male. Mean age 41±12.32(13-69) years. The etiology of the defects was: 40,0% high-energy trauma, 30,0% tropical diabetic hand, 10,0% second degree burn sequel, 10,0% handcrafted firearm wound, 10,0% primary skin carcinoma. 100,0% of the flaps survived, achieving good coverage and healing without the need for other surgical procedures and with minimal complications in the donor area. Hand and wrist function recovered in all patients. In conclusion, the reverse flow adipoascial flap of the forearm is a useful, versatile and simple procedure for the reconstruction of the back of the hand, fingers and volar face of the wrist in patients of different ages(AU)

Queiloplastia de Castañón: una técnica viable y efectiva en la reconstrucción parcial del labio inferior / Castañón Cheiloplasty: a viable and effective technique in the partial reconstruction lower lip

Introducción: Para el tratamiento del carcinoma epidermoide labial existen varias modalidades terapéuticas, pero la cirugía constituye la primera elección. Numerosas técnicas han sido descritas para el manejo de lesiones que afectan más de un tercio del labio inferior. Sin embargo, la selección de alguna en particular depende del cumplimiento de los principios reconstructivos de esta unidad. Objetivo: Ejemplificar los beneficios de la utilización de la queiloplastia de Castañón, para la reconstrucción labial parcial, en un paciente con carcinoma epidermoide de labio inferior. Presentación de caso: Se presenta un paciente masculino de 68 años de edad, con antecedentes de hábito de fumar y alcoholismo, que acudió a consulta de Cirugía Oncológica de Cabeza y Cuello por presentar lesión localizada en bermellón de labio inferior. Se realizó biopsia, mediante incisión, que informó un carcinoma epidermoide moderadamente diferenciado. Se estudió como un T2N0M0, etapa II y se trató quirúrgicamente mediante queilectomía subtotal y reconstrucción con técnica de Castañón. Conclusiones: Se presentó el caso clínico de un paciente con carcinoma epidermoide de labio inferior, entidad patológica de alta incidencia. La cirugía constituyó la única modalidad de tratamiento utilizada. Una vez realizada la resección quirúrgica de la lesión, se reconstruyó el defecto, para lo que se utilizó la queiloplastia descrita por Castañón, opción útil para lograr el cumplimiento de los principios estéticos y funcionales(AU)

Introduction: For the treatment of labial squamous cell carcinoma there are several therapeutic modalities, but surgery is the first choice. Numerous techniques have been described for the management of lesions affecting more than a third of the lower lip. However, the selection of any particular one depends on the fulfillment of the reconstructive principles of this unit. Objective: Exemplify the benefits of using Castañón cheiloplasty for partial lip reconstruction in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip. Case presentation: A 68-year-old male patient with a history of smoking and alcoholism was presented, who went to the Head and Neck Oncological Surgery consultation for presenting a lesion located in vermilion of the lower lip. An incisional biopsy reported moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. It was studied as a T2N0M0, stage II and was treated surgically by subtotal cheilectomy and reconstruction with Castañón technique. Conclusions: The clinical case of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip, a pathological entity of high incidence, was presented. Surgery was the only treatment modality used. Once the surgical resection of the lesion was performed, the defect was reconstructed, for which the cheiloplasty described by Castañón was used, a useful option to achieve compliance with the aesthetic and functional principles(AU)