High auxin stimulates callus through SDG8-mediated histone H3K36 methylation in Arabidopsis.

Callus induction, which results in fate transition in plant cells, is considered as the first and key step for plant regeneration. This process can be stimulated in different tissues by a callus-inducing medium (CIM), which contains a high concentration of phytohormone auxin. Although a few key regulators for callus induction have been identified, the multiple aspects of the regulatory mechanism driven by high levels of auxin still need further investigation. Here, we find that high auxin induces callus through a H3K36 histone methylation-dependent mechanism, which requires the methyltransferase SET DOMAIN GROUP 8 (SDG8). During callus induction, the increased auxin accumulates SDG8 expression through a TIR1/AFBs-based transcriptional regulation. SDG8 then deposits H3K36me3 modifications on the loci of callus-related genes, including a master regulator WOX5 and the cell proliferation-related genes, such as CYCB1.1. This epigenetic regulation in turn is required for the transcriptional activation of these genes during callus formation. These findings suggest that the massive transcriptional reprogramming for cell fate transition by auxin during callus formation requires epigenetic modifications including SDG8-mediated histone H3K36 methylation. Our results provide insight into the coordination between auxin signaling and epigenetic regulation during fundamental processes in plant development.

Uncovering the mechanistic basis for specific recognition of monomethylated H3K4 by the CW domain of Arabidopsis histone methyltransferase SDG8.

Chromatin consists of DNA and histones, and specific histone modifications that determine chromatin structure and activity are regulated by three types of proteins, called writer, reader, and eraser. Histone reader proteins from vertebrates, vertebrate-infecting parasites, and higher plants possess a CW domain, which has been reported to read histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4). The CW domain of Arabidopsis SDG8 (also called ASHH2), a histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase, preferentially binds monomethylated H3K4 (H3K4me1), unlike the mammalian CW domain protein, which binds trimethylated H3K4 (H3K4me3). However, the molecular basis of the selective binding by the CW domain of SDG8 (SDG8-CW) remains unclear. Here, we solved the 1.6-Å-resolution structure of SDG8-CW in complex with H3K4me1, which revealed that residues in the C-terminal α-helix of SDG8-CW determine binding specificity for low methylation levels at H3K4. Moreover, substitutions of key residues, specifically Ile-915 and Asn-916, converted SDG8-CW binding preference from H3K4me1 to H3K4me3. Sequence alignment and mutagenesis studies revealed that the CW domain of SDG725, the homolog of SDG8 in rice, shares the same binding preference with SDG8-CW, indicating that preference for low methylated H3K4 by the CW domain of ASHH2 homologs is conserved among higher-order plants. Our findings provide first structural insights into the molecular basis for specific recognition of monomethylated H3K4 by the H3K4me1 reader protein SDG8 from Arabidopsis.

Evidence of Epigenetic Mechanisms Affecting Carotenoids.

Epigenetic mechanisms are able to regulate plant development by generating non-Mendelian allelic interactions. An example of these are the responses to environmenal stimuli that result in phenotypic variability and transgression amongst important crop traits. The need to predict phenotypes from genotypes to understand the molecular basis of the genotype-by-environment interaction is a research priority. Today, with the recent discoveries in the field of epigenetics, this challenge goes beyond analyzing how DNA sequences change. Here we review examples of epigenetic regulation of genes involved in carotenoid synthesis and degradation, cases in which histone- and/or DNA-methylation, and RNA silencing at the posttranscriptional level affect carotenoids in plants.

A qualitative analysis of rural fishermen: Potential for blockchain-enabled framework for livelihood sustainability.

Rural fishing communities face numerous challenges related to livelihood security, as they are engaged in a risky and labour-intensive occupation. They often receive only a small portion of the profits, due to the influence of self-serving local intermediaries, lack of transparency in the business processes, trust issues, and power differentials among stakeholders. Although still in its infancy, blockchain technology has been adopted in various urban settings to mitigate similar challenges and to build trust through its security attributes, data ledger transparency, and smart contract automation. Yet, few have explored the efficacy of blockchain technology in addressing the unique challenges faced by rural fishermen in marketing their catch and connecting them to a broader range of customers for improved livelihood resilience. This study aims to examine how the livelihood resilience of fishermen can be increased through the potential of a blockchain, in a fishing community in the coastal village of Alappad in Kerala, India. Thematic analysis of data acquired from 43 semi-structured qualitative interviews and participatory rural appraisal tools revealed five categories of challenges: business cost and profitability, government regulations, low education and digital illiteracy, socio-cultural limitations, and over-dependence on middlemen as inhibitors to fishermen's livelihoods. The study proposes a blockchain-based e-commerce framework to mitigate selected challenges that emerged due to a lack of trust and transparency in the local fish market. It contributes to rural development by exploring an innovative, solution aligned with five UN Sustainable Development Goals, in contrast to the Business-as-usual approach in offering technological solutions.

Do domestic innovations promote trade openness? Empirical evidence from emerging economies.

Purpose: Innovation activities have gained much importance due to their pivotal role in achieving economic growth - directly by increasing productivity and - indirectly by increasing the degree of trade openness. This study aims to focus on the indirect channel, a rarely explored area of research, especially in the context of emerging economies. Methodology: To achieve the aim of the study, four proxies of innovation (resident patent applications, nonresident patent applications, scientific and technical journal articles, and research and development expenditures) are used to establish a robust relationship between innovation activities and trade openness in BRICS economies. Panel data from 2000 to 2020 is obtained from World Development Indicators and Penn World Tables. Econometric techniques of panel data such as fixed effect and generalized least squares are employed to extract results from the specified models. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that three proxies of innovation (i.e., resident patent applications, nonresident patent applications, scientific and technical journal articles) have a significant positive role in improving trade openness in the BRICS economies. However, the fourth proxy of innovation i.e., research and development expenditures had a negative impact on the degree of trade openness. Besides, innovation activities such as inflation rate and foreign direct investment have also influenced the degree of trade openness positively and significantly. Conversely, GDP per capita had a negative relationship with trade openness. Moreover, domestic investments showed a positive influence on the degree of trade openness while employment had a negative and insignificant influence on the degree of trade openness. Finally, the causality analysis revealed a one-way relationship running from innovations to trade openness. Implications: In view of the results obtained, the policymakers of the BRICS economies might focus on encouraging innovation activities to enhance the degree of trade openness. Increased trade openness will consequently contribute to economic growth enormously and thus the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDG-8). Policymakers are also suggested to encourage FDI inflows and further ensure a moderate inflation rate to improve the degree of trade openness and hence accelerate economic growth. Originality: This study focused on examining the nexus between innovation activities and trade openness in emerging economies, which is indeed an interesting but rarely explored area of research. The findings of the study might help the policymakers of the BRICS economies in formulating policies regarding trade openness and innovation activities.

Closing the academy-Business gap by building intellectual capital in professional formation.

Introduction: The rapid advances in technology, market pressures, globalization, and, recently, the COVID-19 pandemic show the need to find educational models that respond to these realities while improving the employability levels of young people and promoting economic growth. This research analyzes how the professional formation model, where two learning spaces, the academy, and the company, are combined, promotes the closing of gaps and economic growth, through the development of intellectual capital that arises from this relationship, in an emerging economy such as Colombia. Methods: The methodology used corresponds to a qualitative approach, where the vision of the actors involved in the training process at the undergraduate level in Colombia is analyzed through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and documentary analysis. Results and discussion: The results show five major elements to consider for the formation of the intellectual capital required for the success of the relationship and the reduction in the gaps between academia and business: decision-making mechanisms, inter-organizational coordination, knowledge.

Exploring the concepts of decent work through the lens of SDG 8: addressing challenges and inadequacies.

Promoting decent work and sustainable economic growth within the framework of Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8) entails addressing gender inequality, the consequences of market economies, and the role of the informal sector while also considering environmental sustainability. Research on SDG 8 remains limited, often adopting an appraisal perspective, and the concept of decent work within this goal remains relatively unexplored. Additionally, the focus on the challenges and inadequacies of achieving sustainable economic growth through decent work in the context of SDG 8 is insufficient, resulting in significant knowledge gaps. To contribute to filling these gaps, this paper adopts a descriptive and critical review perspective, systematically analyzing 108 journal papers and reports to investigate the concept of decent work within SDG 8. The research addresses the challenges and inadequacies related to decent work embedded in SDG 8. The review reveals that while progress has been made in tackling gender inequality in the labor market, gender bias, income discrepancies, and underrepresentation of women in senior positions persist, hindering inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all - SDG 8. Moreover, SDG 8's focus on inclusive and sustainable development falls short of effectively addressing market economies' structural disparities, insecure working conditions, and exploitative labor practices. Additionally, support for informal sector workers, who lack essential rights such as legal protection and social security, remains insufficient. Ecological destruction is sometimes an unintended consequence of purely market-based labor markets with an emphasis on economic growth, with SDG 8 lacking sufficient integration of environmental sustainability in its framework. The novelty of this study comes from its in-depth, critical, and policy-focused analysis of the ideas around decent employment in the context of SDG 8. The findings underscore the importance of providing fair, safe, and secure employment opportunities to support economic growth and development while upholding workers' rights. In conclusion, we emphasize the crucial role of promoting decent work and sustainable growth in achieving SDG 8's overall objectives, as it directly impacts other SDGs.

Culturally safe speech-language supports for First Nations children: Achieving Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, 8 and 10.

PURPOSE: Self-determination is foundational to health and well-being for First Nations people. Colonisation has undermined self-determination and widespread effects are observed as disparities in health and well-being. Chronic middle ear disease is more highly prevalent in First Nations children, is associated with delays in speech and language and lower levels of educational readiness. However, there is a paucity of culturally and linguistically sensitive speech-language assessments and habilitation services globally. Focussing on high-income colonial-settler countries (including United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand), where health disparities are significant, we aim to discuss the importance of and the challenges in providing culturally safe care to First Nations children with communication disabilities. RESULT: To be effective, both cultural and linguistic diversity and cultural safety must be considered in all aspects of assessment and intervention. Furthermore, speech-language pathologists must be equipped to work with First Nations children with communication disorders. CONCLUSION: To optimally support First Nations' children with communication disabilities, services need to be culturally safe, family-centred and strengths-based. This commentary focuses on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)3, 4, 8 and 10.

Building the speech-language pathology workforce in Cambodia through the lens of the Sustainable Development Goals.

PURPOSE: Current speech-language pathology (SLP) services in Cambodia are limited in scope, service accessibility and integration into government systems. However, momentum is growing to develop an internationally recognised profession. This paper examines the depth and breadth of SLP support available to people with communication and/or swallowing difficulties in relation the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). METHOD AND RESULT: Qualitative interview data collected from service facilities (n = 13) and speech therapy practitioners (n = 27) were mapped and analysed for accessibility and scope of SLP services. Data revealed a workforce density of 0.16:100 000. Disparity in service accessibility was identified between provincial and urban locations, adult and paediatric populations and range of practice areas. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate the importance of partnerships (SDG 17) among government departments, non-government organisations and private sector entities to establish a sustainable and culturally responsive SLP profession in Cambodia. Although there is no Cambodian university training program, there is a growing momentum and local commitment to establishing a workforce to support Cambodians with communication and/or swallowing difficulties. This commentary paper focuses on good health and well-being (SDG 3), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), reduced inequalities (SDG 10), and also addresses no poverty (SDG 1), quality education (SDG 4) and partnerships for the goals (SDG 17).

Protecting people with communication disability from modern slavery: Supporting Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 16.

PURPOSE: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development identifies the need for inclusive societies and justice for people who experience, or are at risk of experiencing, modern slavery. The primary objective of this commentary paper is to consider current research and practice in relation to the protection of people with communication disability from modern slavery. The paper considers the role of SLPs in developing and disseminating accessible information to help achieve decent work and economic growth (SDG 8) and peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16). RESULT: This paper considers five areas for protecting people with communication disability from modern slavery: (1) accessible information, (2) advocacy, (3) rights-based approaches, (4) improved understanding about access to services, and (5) education. Practice examples are discussed across each of these areas, with a focus on accessible information. CONCLUSION: This commentary asserts that information about modern slavery must be accessible so that people with communication disability experience inclusion, safety, and justice. SLPs are well placed to implement communication strategies, such as accessible information, to help protect people with communication disability from modern slavery. This commentary paper focuses on SDG 8 and SDG 16 and also addresses SDG 1, SDG 3, SDG 4 and SDG 10.

Global partnerships to create communication resources addressing Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, 8, 10, and 17.

PURPOSE: This commentary describes the development of global partnerships, capacity-building, and the basis for the creation of a website (Leadersproject.org) used throughout the world that contains free educational resources for the assessment and treatment of people with communication disabilities (PWCD). This website contains speech-language assessment and treatment materials, online skill-building courses, over 200 instructional videos, train-the-trainer course materials, and syntheses of important research and trainings in over 30 languages. This commentary relates the work from leadersproject.org to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). RESULT: Through this website, the authors have established ongoing global partnerships with other health and education professionals. Moreover, PWCD and their families have used the website for information and support throughout the world. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and other health and education professionals use these materials to host capacity-building trainings and to support the development of knowledge and skills to local professionals for the benefit of PWCD. The Leadersproject.org resources have been influential and impactful as measured by approximately 24 000 visits from over 130 countries throughout the world. CONCLUSION: The authors of this paper continue to establish partnerships worldwide to spread education and increase the quality of care provided to PWCD. This commentary paper focuses on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): good health and well-being (SDG 3), quality education (SDG 4), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), reduced inequalities (SDG 10), partnerships for the goals (SDG 17).

Diversity in the Australian speech-language pathology workforce: Addressing Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, 8, and 10.

PURPOSE: Individuals have multiple intersecting identities, unique perspectives, and experiences which provide opportunities for new ways to interact, support inclusion and equity, and address the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This commentary explores the diversity of the speech-language pathology workforce in Australia. RESULT: A survey of Australian speech-language pathologists (SLPs; n = 1,638) distributed in November and December 2021 explored personal characteristics and experiences of the workforce. Almost 30% of SLPs who responded reported having experiences or perspectives that were relevant to service users and a quarter described other lived experiences, which included disability, cultural and linguistic background, mental health, caring responsibilities, neurodiversity, and being LGBTQI+. CONCLUSION: This commentary affirms the value of diversity among allied health professions to enrich practice with individuals and communities. By understanding the diversity of the speech-language pathology workforce and perspectives of historically marginalised or invisible groups, the profession can introduce strategies to more meaningfully engage and support people with diverse backgrounds and perspectives in the workforce and enhance service equity and accessibility for people with communication and swallowing disabilities. This commentary focusses on SDG 3, SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 10.

Partnerships between Uganda, Kenya, and Rwanda and the United Kingdom to address Sustainable Development Goal 17 for people with communication disability.

PURPOSE: Minority World countries have often been involved in supporting services for people with communication disability (PWCD) in Majority World countries. In East Africa, this support has historically involved speech-language pathologists (SLPs) from Minority World countries providing therapy; later evolving to include partnerships between Majority and Minority World organisations providing education, training, and support-sometimes with the aim of increasing service sustainability. Our objective is to provide an overview of how partnerships for the goals (SDG 17) has been realised for speech-language pathology services in three East African countries (Uganda, Kenya, and Rwanda). For SLPs, we consider training and education, research opportunities, and the development of the profession. For PWCD, we consider the equity of services. RESULT: We identify key challenges and successes of UK/East African partnerships, identifying steps for improvement for robust speech-language pathology partnerships. CONCLUSION: We suggest three key approaches for better-designed partnerships: (1) Improve accessibility, by expanding services to rural areas and coordinating fee setting. (2) Ensure local stakeholders and professionals are included in meaningful and agreed ways. (3) Ensure partnerships complement existing services and are culturally appropriate. These approaches support related goals to achieve better services for PWCD. This commentary paper focuses on good health and well-being (SDG 3); quality education (SDG 4); decent work and economic growth (SDG 8); industry, innovation, and infrastructure (SDG 9); reduced inequalities (SDG 10); partnerships for the goals (SDG 17).

The Sustainable Development Goals: A framework for addressing participation of persons with complex communication needs in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Participation in society is the cornerstone to living a meaningful, connected, and healthy life. Persons with complex communication needs, however, often have restricted opportunities to participate in everyday contexts and situations. Reasons for this include societal attitudinal barriers, as well as limited knowledge and skills about augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to enhance participation. Enhancing participation of persons with complex communication needs requires a holistic and multi-faceted approach. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with their disability-inclusive agenda provide an impetus for shaping the approach of the Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC) in enhancing participation of persons with complex communication needs in South Africa. PURPOSE: This paper aims to provide a reflective description and application of the work conducted by the CAAC in addressing the SDGs in South Africa. RESULT: Research and training conducted by the CAAC is shown to be aligned to five SDGs, namely zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), quality education (SDG 4), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8) and peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16), with a focus on reaching these goals in order to benefit persons with complex communication needs. CONCLUSION: The paper demonstrates that, despite some gains in addressing the SDGs, research and clinical practice still needs to be on these and the remaining SDGs. Furthermore, there is a need to also find ways to integrate the SDGs to ensure participation of persons with complex communication needs in major life activities and society.

Community-based rehabilitation workers in Vietnam need assistance to support communication and swallowing: Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, 8, 10, 17.

PURPOSE: Communication and swallowing disabilities (CSwD) impact health and well-being (Sustainable Development Goal SDG 3), educational attainment (SDG 4) and employment (SDG 8) and contribute to poverty (SDG 1). In Vietnam, community-based rehabilitation (CBR) workers are often the first point of contact for people with CSwD. This commentary reports research exploring the knowledge, experiences and training needs of CBR workers and their preparedness to provide services to people with CSwD and their families living in a province of Vietnam. METHOD: Two hundred and five CBR workers completed a written survey and eight participated in a semi-structured interview. Quantitative survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. RESULT: Most participants were female, aged over 30 and worked in a variety of health settings. Multiple challenges to the delivery of services to people with CSwD were described, including lack of training and limited understanding of CSwD by CBR workers, communities and their leaders. CONCLUSION: Limited knowledge and preparedness of CBR workers is threatening the achievement of the SDGs for people with CSwD in Vietnam. There is a need for comprehensive education, training and the raising of awareness of the cause and impact of CSwD, and for this to be in partnership with people who experience CSwD and their families, local speech-language pathologists, and international collaborators. Future research exploring the needs of people with CSwD in Vietnam is critical to guiding the development of contextually relevant services and support. This commentary focuses on good health and well-being (SDG 3), quality education (SDG 4), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), reduced inequalities (SDG 10) and partnerships for the goals (SDG 17), and indirectly addresses no poverty (SDG 1).

Realising economic and social rights for children with communication and swallowing disability: Sustainable Development Goals 1, 8 and 10.

PURPOSE: This commentary describes the economic disempowerment of children with communication and/or swallowing disability and outlines why attending to their economic and social needs is essential for the realisation of the United Nations' Agenda 2030. RESULT: Children with communication and/or swallowing disability encounter intersectional disempowerment on account of both their disability, and their status as children. In particular, they experience unique barriers to the realisation of their economic and social rights. This presents a number of challenges to the realisation of Agenda 2030, and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Drawing on the broader disability rights and child rights literature, we outline these issues, and describe four empowering solutions, within the scope of this special issue commentary. CONCLUSION: We describe that speech-language pathologists must interpret the discussion of these issues as a call to action for our profession. This commentary focusses on the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals of, No Poverty (SDG 1), Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8), and Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10), and also addresses the goals of Zero Hunger (SDG 2), Good Health and Well-Being (SDG 3), Quality Education (SDG 4), Gender Equality (SDG 5) and Partnerships for the Goals (SDG 17).

Maximise your impact: Sustainable Development Goals-Focussed content in communication intervention and teaching.

PURPOSE: Communication specialists strive to develop communication skills of students and clients using evidence-based practices. There is limited discussion of the topic content of speech-language pathology interventions and language education strategies that act as the vehicle to deliver intervention/education. In this commentary we demonstrate ways materials based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; United Nations, 2015) can be integrated into daily practices when working with people with communication disability and people acquiring additional languages. RESULT: Examples are provided as to how any or all SDGs can be used as the content base within speech-language pathology interventions and language education. A number of situations are presented illustrating SDG-focussed content across diverse settings. CONCLUSION: This commentary paper focusses on how content from all 17 SDGS that can be embedded into speech-language pathology and language education services to enhance the speech, language, and literacy skills and SDG knowledge of both children and adults. In addition, educational and therapy resource developers are called to rise to the challenge of creating materials based on the SDGs.

SDG 8 and the food-energy-water nexus: a two-country dynamic computable general equilibrium CGE model.

Background: In the twenty-first century, the success story of the Post-World-War-II World has been called into question by climate change and other challenges. De-growth or zero economic growth are discussed as possible solutions for mitigating climate change. The traditional economic growth model is increasingly challenged by the demand for sustained economic growth expressed in United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 8 "sustained economic growth" (UN-SDG 8) and supported by the European Green Deal. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the general understanding of characteristics, effects and challenges of new economic growth ideas as well as their interlinkages with the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus. Methods: To address these challenges, a stylized dynamic General Equilibrium Model (GEM) was developed, which consists of two countries: an emerging, developing European country A and a developed European country B. Country A is assumed to grow, while country B shrinks. The model is based on artificial data sets. This approach was chosen to prevent the blurring of counterfactual comparison by country-specific effects of economic turbulences such as the Lehman crash or the economic break-in during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results: The gross output of the emerging European country increases, whereas the output of the developed European country decreases according to the different growth strategies. The analysis reveals that a constantly widening gap between the emerging and the developed country is created. It can further be shown how this influences the relevant economic indicators (CO2 emissions, household budget, trade balance, utility and social welfare). Conclusions: The analysis of the two-country stylized GE model makes distortions visible: insignificant gaps in the values and development of analyzed economic indicators become prevalent. The welfare gap affects the core of the traditional socio-economic system, because the development of the utility of the households is central for the stability of political processes. A sufficiency and subsistence sector may be an option to even out the welfare losses from the de-growth strategy of the traditional economic system to avoid that the de-growth gaps are perceived by the community as welfare losses which can endanger the realization of UN-SDG 8.

Cross Country Determinants of Investors' Sentiments Prediction in Emerging Markets Using ANN.

The paper models investor sentiments (IS) to attract investments for Health Sector and Growth in emerging markets, viz., India, Mainland China, and the UAE, by asking questions such as: What specific healthcare sector opportunities are available in the three markets? Are the USA-IS key IS predictors in the three economies? How important are macroeconomic and sociocultural factors in predicting IS in these markets? How important are economic crises and pandemic events in predicting IS in these markets? Is there contemporaneous relation in predicting IS across the three countries in terms of USA-IS, and, if yes, is the magnitude of the impact of USA-IS uniform across the three countries' IS? The artificial neural network (ANN) model is applied to weekly time-series data from January 2003 to December 2020 to capture behavioral elements in the investors' decision-making in these emerging economies. The empirical findings confirmed the superiority of the ANN framework over the traditional logistic model in capturing the cognitive behavior of investors. Health predictor-current health expenditure as a percentage of GDP, USA IS predictor-spread, and Macro-factor GDP-annual growth % are the common predictors across the 3 economies that positively impacted the emerging markets' IS behavior. USA (S&P 500) return is the only common predictor across the three economies that negatively impacted the emerging markets' IS behavior. However, the magnitude of both positive and negative impacts varies across the countries, signifying unique, diverse socioeconomic, cultural, and market features in each of the 3 economies. The results have four key implications: Firstly, US market sentiments are an essential factor influencing stock markets in these countries. Secondly, there is a need for developing a robust sentiment proxy on similar lines to the USA in the three countries. Thirdly, investment opportunities in the healthcare sector in these economies have been identified for potential investments by the investors. Fourthly, this study is the first study to investigate investors' sentiments in these three fast-emerging economies to attract investments in the Health Sector and Growth in the backdrop of UN's 2030 SDG 3 and SDG 8 targets to be achieved by these economies.

Binding Specificity of ASHH2 CW Domain Toward H3K4me1 Ligand Is Coupled to Its Structural Stability Through Its α1-Helix.

The CW domain binds to histone tail modifications found in different protein families involved in epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodeling. CW domains recognize the methylation state of the fourth lysine on histone 3 and could, therefore, be viewed as a reader of epigenetic information. The specificity toward different methylation states such as me1, me2, or me3 depends on the particular CW subtype. For example, the CW domain of ASHH2 methyltransferase binds preferentially to H3K4me1, and MORC3 binds to both H3K4me2 and me3 modifications, while ZCWPW1 is more specific to H3K4me3. The structural basis for these preferential bindings is not well understood, and recent research suggests that a more complete picture will emerge if dynamical and energetic assessments are included in the analysis of interactions. This study uses fold assessment by NMR in combination with mutagenesis, ITC affinity measurements, and thermal denaturation studies to investigate possible couplings between ASHH2 CW selectivity toward H3K4me1 and the stabilization of the domain and loops implicated in binding. The key elements of the binding site-the two tryptophans and the α1-helix form and maintain the binding pocket- were perturbed by mutagenesis and investigated. Results show that the α1-helix maintains the overall stability of the fold via the I915 and L919 residues and that the correct binding consolidates the loops designated as η1 and η3, as well as the C-terminal. This consolidation is incomplete for H3K4me3 binding to CW, which experiences a decrease in overall thermal stability on binding. Loop mutations not directly involved in the binding site, nonetheless, affect the equilibrium positions of the key residues.