Human papillomavirus vaccination 2020 guideline update: American Cancer Society guideline adaptation.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) presents an adaptation of the current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. The ACS recommends routine HPV vaccination between ages 9 and 12 years to achieve higher on-time vaccination rates, which will lead to increased numbers of cancers prevented. Health care providers are encouraged to start offering the HPV vaccine series at age 9 or 10 years. Catch-up HPV vaccination is recommended for all persons through age 26 years who are not adequately vaccinated. Providers should inform individuals aged 22 to 26 years who have not been previously vaccinated or who have not completed the series that vaccination at older ages is less effective in lowering cancer risk. Catch-up HPV vaccination is not recommended for adults aged older than 26 years. The ACS does not endorse the 2019 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation for shared clinical decision making for some adults aged 27 through 45 years who are not adequately vaccinated because of the low effectiveness and low cancer prevention potential of vaccination in this age group, the burden of decision making on patients and clinicians, and the lack of sufficient guidance on the selection of individuals who might benefit.

Advancing a comprehensive cancer care agenda for children and their families: Institute of Medicine Workshop highlights and next steps.

This article highlights key findings from the "Comprehensive Cancer Care for Children and Their Families" March 2015 joint workshop by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the American Cancer Society. This initiative convened more than 100 family members, clinician investigators, advocates, and members of the public to discuss emerging evidence and care models and to determine the next steps for optimizing quality-of-life outcomes and well-being for children and families during pediatric cancer treatment, after treatment completion, and across the life spectrum. Participants affirmed the triple aim of pediatric oncology that strives for every child with cancer to be cured; provides high-quality palliative and psychosocial supportive, restorative, and rehabilitative care to children and families throughout the illness course and survivorship; and assures receipt of high-quality end-of-life care for patients with advancing disease. Workshop outcomes emphasized the need for new pediatric cancer drug development and identified critical opportunities to prioritize palliative care and psychosocial support as an integral part of pediatric cancer research and treatment, including the necessity for adequately resourcing these supportive services to minimize suffering and distress, effectively address quality-of-life needs for children and families at all stages of illness, and mitigate the long-term health risks associated with childhood cancer and its treatment. Next steps include dismantling existing silos and enhancing collaboration between clinical investigators, disease-directed specialists, and supportive care services; expanding the use of patient-reported and parent-reported outcomes; effectively integrating palliative and psychosocial care; and clinical communication skills development. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:398-407. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

A Community Health Advisor Program to Reduce Cancer Screening Disparities in the Deep South and Appalachia: The American Cancer Society's CHA Collaborative.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer disparities continue to exist in the United States. Community health advisors (CHAs) can play a critical role in addressing cancer disparities. The American Cancer Society (ACS) implemented a 3-year pilot CHA program in the South based on an evidence-based program to increase breast cancer screening. STUDY DESIGN: Evaluation assessed the extent to which ACS successfully implemented the program. Quantitative data were tracked and reported by ACS staff, and qualitative data were collected through focus groups and interviews with volunteer participants. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: The pilot was implemented in 28 communities in nine states. ACS staff recruited volunteer community network partners (CNPs) as local advisory groups, and volunteer CHAs to conduct outreach, education, and screening navigation. MEASURES: Outcome measures included number of individuals educated and screened, and number of communities reaching education and screening targets. Process measures included number of volunteers recruited, number of communities reaching recruitment targets, and implementation process, challenges, and successes. RESULTS: A total of 383 CHAs were recruited and recruitment goals were met in 68%; 31,439 individuals were educated, and 93% of communities reached education goals. In all, 5,056 individuals were screened, but screening goals were attained in only 36% of communities. CONCLUSION: This pilot demonstrates the ability of ACS to adapt and disseminate an evidence-based program to fit into its volunteer-based outreach model. ACS built community network partnerships, recruited a cadre of volunteers, and trained them to conduct education and screening navigation.

Measuring the impact and potential of patient navigation: proposed common metrics and beyond.

In March 2010, the American Cancer Society hosted the National Patient Navigation Leadership Summit. The Summit organizers invited cancer clinicians, researchers, practicing public health and measurement experts, funders, and patient navigators to develop a national consensus on common outcomes to solidify the scientific evidence and efficacy of patient navigation. The goal of the Summit was to develop and propose core metrics to measure outcomes of navigation on individuals as well as populations across the continuum. It is the sincere hope of the editors, funders, authors, and workgroup members that this supplement and the proposed measures provide a roadmap for the development, implementation,and evaluation of patient navigation programs.

Adherence to the American Cancer Society Guidelines for Cancer Survivors and Health-Related Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors.

The development and validation of guidelines for breast cancer survivors are of importance due to the increased survival rate for breast cancer. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to examine the association between adherence to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines for cancer survivors and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A total of 618 breast cancer survivors aged 30 to 81 years who had been diagnosed with stage I to III primary breast cancer and had surgery at least a year before enrollment were included. The participants completed the 36 Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) to evaluate HRQoL, and adherence scores were calculated based on the Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines for Cancer Survivors, which were released by the ACS. Increasing adherence scores were associated with increasing scores on the physical component summary (PCS) and the physical functioning (PF), bodily pain (BP), and vitality (VT) domains (p for trend <0.001 for PCS and PF, 0.01 for BP, and 0.02 for VT); these scores were mainly driven by the associations among survivors with stage II-III cancer. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate whether adherence to these guidelines improves HRQoL scores among breast cancer survivors.

Description, characterization, and evaluation of an online social networking community: the American Cancer Society's Cancer Survivors Network®.

PURPOSE: To describe (a) the conceptualization, purpose, and features of The American Cancer Society's Cancer Survivors Network® (CSN; http://csn.cancer.org ), (b) the ongoing two-phase evaluation process of CSN, and (c) the characteristics of CSN members. METHODS: An online opt-in self-report survey of CSN members (N = 4762) was conducted and digital metrics of site use were collected. RESULTS: Annually, CSN attracts over 3.6 million unique users from over 200 countries/territories. Most commonly used site features are discussion boards (81.1%), the search function (63.8%), and the member resource library (50.2%). The survey sample is mostly female (69.6%), non-Hispanic white (84.1%), and self-identified as a cancer survivor (49.8%), or both cancer survivor and cancer caregiver (31.9%). A larger number of survey respondents reported head and neck cancer (12.5%), relative to cancer incidence/prevalence data. CONCLUSIONS: The volume of CSN traffic suggests high demand among cancer survivors and caregivers for informational and/or emotional support from other cancer survivors and caregivers. CSN may be particularly beneficial for individuals with rare cancers. Furthermore, this study documents a group of individuals whose cancer experience is multifaceted (e.g., survivors became caregivers or vice versa), and for whom CSN has the capacity to provide support at multiple points during their cancer experiences. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: CSN is a free, internet-based social networking site available to all cancer survivors and caregivers, worldwide. Evaluation of the site is ongoing and will be used to inform improvements to usability, reach, recruitment, retention, and potential health impact(s) of this valuable resource.