Dentists, Their Handicraft Hobbies and City of London Livery Companies.

Many successful dentists also spend much time on hobbies. Unsurprisingly many of them involve the use of their hands, often but not always honing skills learned in dentistry. All the people discussed have another essential skill, the ability to design. The paper demonstrates clearly that striving for professional success leaves room for other activities.

Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania Pamphlet Proselytizing Preventive Dentistry, by Drs. Morrison and Henry.

Advice on preventive dental care for children, prior to 1900 is scarce. In the 1890s, Drs. Morrison and Henry, two Punxsutawny, Pennsylvania dentists, cogently offered such advice in their promotional pamphlet, along with some lessons on life, as reflected by precious stones.

Etymology of Letheon: Nineteenth-century Linguistic Effervescence.

In late 1846, following his successful public demonstrations of surgical anesthesia, Boston dentist William T. G. Morton selected Letheon as the commercial name for the ether-based "preparation" he had used to produce insensibility to pain. We have not identified a first-hand account of the coinage of Letheon. Although the name ultimately derives from the Greek Lethe, the adjective Lethean, much in use in the mid-19th century, may have influenced Morton and those he called on to assist in finding a commercial name. By one unverified account, the name Letheon might have been coined independently by both Augustus Addison Gould, M.D., and Henry Jacob Bigelow, M.D.

"Karius and Baktus": A Critical Appraisal of Enger's Seminal Storybook.

Karius and Baktus, first published in 1949, is one of the most influential storybooks with dental caries as main theme and it remains in wide use for domestic health education. This study aimed at assessing oral health related contents of the historic storybook in the light of the current body of cariologic evidence. Two investigators independently identified phrases in the storybook with cariologically relevant content. Dental health related contents were systematically evaluated with respect to the current body of cariologic evidence. Karius and Baktus highlights important etiopathogenetic and preventive aspects such as sugars consumption and tooth brushing with toothpaste. Its behavior management techniques and narrative health didactics concerning dental care for children are, however, outmoded. The cariologic core statements in Karius and Baktus have remained valid whereas certain narrative features may have some drawbacks when employing the historic storybook for educational purposes for young children.

Charles Darwin and the Dentists.

Charles Darwin suffered relapsing, debilitating illness for most of his adult life with many symptoms. His most prominent complaints were episodic nausea, retching and vomiting. As is common in patients with repeated vomiting he developed dental problems, problems that may be dated back to his voyage on the Beagle and his vomiting due to persistent seasickness. Dental problems continued after the voyage and he was one of the first patients to have extractions under chloroform. Watching a dental procedure caused Darwin great distress, much as surgical and obstetric procedures had previously caused him distress with onset of symptoms. Darwin's dental experiences are consistent with the proposed diagnosis of his lifetime illness- patients with similar illnesses today have much the same dental problems. Dentists also helped Darwin with his researches and collection of specimens. In Darwin's day, dentists, like country clergymen, had time to follow other interests. Dentists contributed to Darwin's dental health, to the dental health of his family and to Darwin's work and biological studies. Dentists, in their own right, were also prominent in developing our biological understanding.

Reflections on dentistry and dental problems under the Third Reich.

Victor Klemperer was a Professor of Romance Languages and Literature in Dresden during the 1920s and 1930s. He kept a diary and the entries for the period 1933 to 1945 have been examined for references relating to dentistry and dentists. These give an insight into an aspect of the social life of the period that appears to have been previously largely overlooked.

[The organization of Jewish dentists in pre-Israel Palestine].

The first modern dental institutes were established in Europe and in the USA during the 1840s. At that period there wasn't a single qualified doctor in Palestine, not to mention a professional dentist. A couple of decades later, as the number of Christian pilgrims grew, some modern hospitals were established and a few non-Jewish dentists opened their clinics in Jerusalem, which was then and in the following decades, the region's largest city. In Europe, dentistry became a popular profession among Jews in general and among Jewish women in particular. The first Jewish dentist settled in Jerusalem in the mid-1880s. Other dentists were slow to arrive and their number began to grow only after the turn of the 20th century. Their professional education varied from those who were trained as apprentices by other dentists to those which studied a couple of years in an academic dental school. The devastation caused by WWI prompted American-Zionist organizations to send a special medical unit to Palestine in 1918. Along medical supplies it also brought a small group of doctors and dentists. The two American dentists that decided to remain in Palestine took upon themselves to spread their medical and scientific knowledge. They also organized the dentists, whose number grew considerably during the 1920s, and called the authorities to regulate the dental profession. In 1926 the British authorities issued a decree regulating all medical professions. It demanded that dental practitioners will be licensed after proving their previous studies and professional knowledge. In 1931, local dentists' organizations decided to establish the Palestine Dental Association. Five years later it was accepted as a member by the International Dental Federation (FDI) and was recognized by the local authorities. Since the 1930s, prominent Jewish dentists from abroad were invited to come to Palestine to lecture, and local dentists participated in international conferences. This prompted the first scientific publications. At the same time dentists published articles in the daily press in which they educated the public on dental hygiene and on modern dental techniques. This momentum was halted in the early 1940s as result of WWII and the Holocaust, but was quick to resume immediately thereafter. 1944 saw the publication of a professional dental Journal, which this issue is a continuation of. By the time the state of Israel was established in 1948, it had more than 900 active dentists, most of them organized in the Israel Dental Association. The only element which was still required to bridge the gap between the dentists in Israel and those in the rest of the modern world was an academic dental school. After more than 20 years in making, the school was opened in 1953 in Jerusalem. From that time on, Israel's dentistry enjoys a worldwide reputation and its dental school graduates teach and lecture in universities and in many dental forums around the globe.

The bicentenary of the birth of Sir John Tomes.

John Tomes was initially destined for a career in medicine but after being introduced to dental histology, changed careers and gave the first series of lectures on dentistry in Middlesex Hospital. His early academic career resulted in four major papers on the structure of teeth and bone that were read before the Royal Society, establishing his reputation as a leading histologist. He was awarded an FRS at the age of 35. The last 40 years of his life were devoted to establishing dentistry as a regulated profession with the founding of a dental hospital, examinations undertaken by the Royal College of Surgeons, a dental register and regulation by the British Dental Association. He was knighted in 1886. The bicentenary of his birth was recognised with the restoration of his grave.

[Dentists and National Socialism. Systematic Literature Review and Research Questions]. / Zahnärzte und Dentisten im Nationalsozialismus. Forschungsstand und aktuelle Forschungsfragen.

Compared to the rich literature on Nazi medicine in general, the connection between dentists and National Socialism is less well documented. Neither the elites of the field from this era nor those excluded from the profession are catalogued in a systematic manner. The aims of this contribution are to assemble and review the relevant literature and show how German dentistry organizations have handled this chapter of their professional history. Trends in the literature since the 1980s are examined and it is pointed out, which areas have received some attention and which have not yet been addressed. Thus, this contribution will serve as both the basis and the starting point for new research into the field.

Hannelore Loevy Taschini CS MS PhD, Pediatric Dentist and Dental Historian (1932-2013).

This paper follows the story of an immigrant from Germany who came via South America to settle in the United States, Hannelore Loevy. She became a leading pediatric dentist, researcher, and advocate for women in dentistry, as well as a lauded dental historian. Dr. Hannelore Loevy was well respected in both the USA and abroad. Her love of the profession is demonstrated by the wide variety of positions she occupied and honors she received.

Evans and Blandy, Dentists and Men of Mystery in Paris and London in the 19th Century.

This article was originally presented as the annual Orland lecture at the 65th American Academy of the History of Dentistry meeting in London, UK.

Samuel Cartwright, an early English dentist 1789-1864.

A description of a letter bought at auction and the subsequent research of the 18th century dentist.

Ernest Victor Davey (1888-1957) a mechanical dentist and dentists in North Bristol at the time of the First World War.

Ernest Davey practised dentistry in Bristol until 1924 when his lack of a dental qualification restricted him to work as a dental technician. He appears to have served in this capacity in France during the First World War before returning to Bristol in 1919 where he spent the rest of his life.

Ron Gain and his dental practice before and during the Second World War.

A history of Ronald Gain's dental practice is described including his service during the Second World War. An account is given of the bomb damage in and around the practice in Peckham Rye.

Hardev Singh Coonar, his family and the Hansali Pain Clinic.

Many dentists over the years have also been philanthropists. Dr Coonar comes from a family of such people, making provision at a high level. This paper describes his founding of a pain clinic for the people of Hansali in India.

Advertising in Heroic Couplets: Laughing Gas by Dentist W.J.A. DeLancey.

Dr. William J.A. DeLancey moved to Illinois from New England in 1858 to practice dentistry. Renowned for his good humor and amiable personality, DeLancey penned a seven-stanza poem in heroic couplets titled "Dental Surgery." These mock-heroic verses were published in about half of the Centralia Sentinel weekly newspapers issued in 1864. Inventor of a tooth powder and an electric dental motor, DeLancey became a statewide leader of Freemasonry. Unfortunately, both his vocational dental library and his avocational Masonic one were incinerated by a house fire in 1892. As a lifelong professional dentist, DeLancey was widely regarded as a true pillar of the communities and of the Masonic Temples in which he had served--first in Illinois (Galesburg and then Centralia) and finally in Williamsport, Indiana.

Professor Aylwin Drakeford Hitchin (1907 - 1996).

Professor A D Hitchin's personal history, war time experience and academic achievements, Dundee are described.

Nuala Mary Brigid Mitzi Macey-Dare (née Coyle) (1934-2022): leading community dentist, forensic odontologist and her family.

For many people, being a parent of five children is more than enough to keep oneself occupied. Mitzi Coyle (Macey-Dare) did that, and gained a top post in the community dental service, with a string of dental and other postgraduate qualifications. Her children are equally talented.

William Macpherson Fisher, Sidney Spokes, the School Dentists' Society (1898-1921) and early school dentistry.

Before the nineteenth century, there was little dentistry for anyone, let alone children. By the middle of that century, people such as William Macpherson Fisher and Sidney Spokes began to make a difference. Fisher campaigned for children's dental services. Spokes realised the need for similar-minded dentists to congregate, so formed the School Dentists' Society. Both led to vast improvements in dental care for children and conditions of working for school dentists.