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1.
Vet Pathol ; 61(5): 712-720, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38613415

ABSTRACT

In felines, ocular and nonocular melanomas are uncommon tumors that represent a diagnostic challenge for pathologists, especially when amelanotic. To date, the immunohistochemical diagnostic panel in cats is based on specific melanocytic markers (Melan-A and PNL2) and a nonspecific but sensitive marker (S100). In human medicine, SOX-10 is reported to be a sensitive antibody for the detection of melanoma micrometastasis in the lymph node. TRP-1, an enzyme involved in melanogenesis, has recently been used in humans and dogs as a specific melanocyte marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-reactivity and the expression of SOX-10 and TRP-1 antibodies in feline normal tissue and melanocytic tumors. Thirty-one cases of ocular, cutaneous, and oral melanomas were retrospectively evaluated and confirmed by histopathological examination and by immunolabeling with Melan-A and/or PNL2. SOX-10 nuclear expression in normal tissues was localized in epidermal, subepidermal, hair bulb, and iridal stromal melanocytes and dermal nerves. In melanomas, nuclear expression of SOX-10 was detected in ocular (11/12; 92%), oral (6/7; 86%), and cutaneous sites (12/12; 100%). TRP-1 cytoplasmic immunolabeling in normal tissue was observed in epidermal and bulbar melanocytes and in the lining pigmented epithelium of the iris and in its stroma. Its expression was positively correlated to the degree of pigmentation in the tumor and was observed in 75% of ocular (9/12), 43% of oral (3/7), and 33% of cutaneous melanomas (4/12). This study demonstrated the cross-reactivity of SOX-10 and TRP-1 antibodies in feline non-neoplastic melanocytes and their expression in ocular and nonocular melanomas.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases , Eye Neoplasms , Melanoma , SOXE Transcription Factors , Animals , Cats , Melanoma/veterinary , Melanoma/pathology , Melanoma/metabolism , SOXE Transcription Factors/metabolism , Cat Diseases/pathology , Cat Diseases/metabolism , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/metabolism , Retrospective Studies , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Female , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Male , Melanocytes/pathology , Melanocytes/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/veterinary , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/metabolism , Cross Reactions , Mouth Neoplasms/veterinary , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism , Intramolecular Oxidoreductases
2.
Can Vet J ; 65(10): 1048-1054, 2024 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39355695

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the clinical appearance, histopathology, and treatment of equine intraocular melanocytic neoplasia in adult horses. Animals and procedure: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted. Data recorded included signalment, ocular examination findings, physical examination findings, therapeutic interventions, and case outcomes. Histopathologic characteristics of enucleated globes were evaluated. A Student's t-test was used to evaluate differences in the interval from diagnosis to last known outcome between horses receiving therapeutic interventions and horses undergoing monitoring alone. Results: Of the 55 horses included, Arabian was the most common breed (15/55, 27%). Gray was the most common coat color (85%). Physical examination was completed for 75% of horses at time of diagnosis, and of those, 67% had cutaneous melanoma. The interval from diagnosis to last known outcome was not different (P = 0.312) between horses that underwent monitoring alone (median: 2.0 y) and those that received treatment (mean: 2.25 y). Conclusion: Equine intraocular melanocytic neoplasms are highly associated with cutaneous melanoma and gray coat color, and they are more prevalent than previously published reports suggest. Clinical relevance: A complete ophthalmic examination is indicated for all horses with cutaneous melanoma. Additional research into the timing and rationale for treatment of intraocular melanocytic neoplasia is necessary.


Néoplasie mélanocytaire intraoculaire équine. Objectif: Décrire l'aspect clinique, l'histopathologie et le traitement de la néoplasie mélanocytaire intraoculaire équine chez le cheval adulte. Animaux et procédure: Une étude rétrospective des dossiers médicaux a été réalisée. Les données enregistrées comprenaient le signalement, les résultats de l'examen oculaire, les résultats de l'examen physique, les interventions thérapeutiques et les résultats des cas. Les caractéristiques histopathologiques des globes énucléés ont été évaluées. Un test t de Student a été utilisé pour évaluer les différences dans l'intervalle entre le diagnostic et le dernier résultat connu entre les chevaux recevant des interventions thérapeutiques et les chevaux soumis à une surveillance seule. Résultats: Sur les 55 chevaux inclus, l'Arabe était la race la plus répandue (15/55, 27 %). Le gris était la couleur de robe la plus courante (85 %). L'examen physique a été réalisé pour 75 % des chevaux au moment du diagnostic, et parmi eux, 67 % présentaient un mélanome cutané. L'intervalle entre le diagnostic et le dernier résultat connu n'était pas différent (P = 0,312) entre les chevaux ayant subi une surveillance seule (médiane : 2,0 ans) et ceux ayant reçu un traitement (moyenne : 2,25 ans). Conclusion: Les néoplasmes mélanocytaires intraoculaires équins sont fortement associés au mélanome cutané et à la couleur du pelage gris, et ils sont plus fréquents que ne le suggèrent les rapports publiés précédemment. Pertinence clinique: Un examen ophtalmologique complet est indiqué pour tous les chevaux atteints de mélanome cutané. Des recherches supplémentaires sur la planification et la justification du traitement de la néoplasie mélanocytaire intraoculaire sont nécessaires.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms , Horse Diseases , Melanoma , Horses , Animals , Horse Diseases/pathology , Melanoma/veterinary , Melanoma/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Male , Female , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/veterinary , Skin Neoplasms/pathology
3.
Can Vet J ; 65(10): 1006-1012, 2024 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39355691

ABSTRACT

A 4-year-old female Maltese dog was referred to our veterinary hospital with uveitis and conjunctivitis of the right eye. An ophthalmological evaluation revealed an intraocular mass that appeared to originate from the anterior uvea. Metastasis and regional invasion were not detected with CT examination. Enucleation of the right eye was recommended; however, the owner declined treatment. Six months later, the dog was re-presented with a right facial mass. At presentation, superficial lymph node enlargement was not appreciated, and no apparent alterations were noted on blood analysis or urinalysis. Computed tomography revealed an intraocular mass that invaded the surrounding tissues, including the frontal sinus. Presumed solitary ocular lymphoma with a large B-cell phenotype and Mott cell change was diagnosed via histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of a biopsy of the lesion. As the mass was too large for complete excision, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered. Complete remission was achieved using the L-COAP protocol and successful exenteration of the right eye. However, the dog was returned with enlargement of the right retropharyngeal lymph nodes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of presumed solitary ocular lymphoma with a large B-cell phenotype displaying Mott cell change in a dog. Key clinical message: This is the first reported case of a presumed solitary ocular lymphoma with a large B-cell phenotype and Mott cell change. Although systemic involvement was observed 6 mo after the initial visit, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and exenteration were effective.


Lymphome oculaire solitaire présumé d'origine à grandes cellules B avec modification des cellules de Mott chez un chienUne chienne maltaise de 4 ans a été envoyée à notre hôpital vétérinaire avec une uvéite et une conjonctivite de l'œil droit. Une évaluation ophtalmologique a révélé une masse intraoculaire qui semblait provenir de l'uvée antérieure. Aucune métastase ni invasion régionale n'ont été détectées par examen CT. Une énucléation de l'œil droit a été recommandée; cependant, le propriétaire a refusé le traitement. Six mois plus tard, le chien a été présenté à nouveau avec une masse faciale droite. À la présentation, l'augmentation de taille des ganglions lymphatiques superficiels n'a pas été réalisée, et aucune modification apparente n'a été notée sur l'analyse sanguine ou l'analyse d'urine. La tomodensitométrie a révélé une masse intraoculaire qui a envahi les tissus environnants, y compris le sinus frontal. Un lymphome oculaire solitaire présumé avec un phénotype à grandes cellules B et une modification des cellules de Mott a été diagnostiqué via un examen histopathologique et immunohistochimique d'une biopsie de la lésion. Comme la masse était trop importante pour une exérèse complète, une chimiothérapie néoadjuvante a été administrée. Une rémission complète a été obtenue grâce au protocole L-COAP et à une exentération réussie de l'œil droit. Cependant, le chien a été vu de nouveau avec une hypertrophie des ganglions lymphatiques rétropharyngés droits. À notre connaissance, il s'agit du premier cas rapporté de lymphome oculaire solitaire présumé avec un phénotype à grandes cellules B présentant une modification des cellules de Mott chez un chien.Message clinique clé :Il s'agit du premier cas rapporté de lymphome oculaire solitaire présumé avec un phénotype à grandes cellules B et une modification des cellules de Mott. Bien qu'une atteinte systémique ait été observée 6 mois après la visite initiale, la chimiothérapie néoadjuvante et l'exentération ont été efficaces.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Eye Neoplasms , Animals , Dogs , Dog Diseases/pathology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Female , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lymphoma, B-Cell/veterinary , Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology , Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
4.
BMC Vet Res ; 19(1): 67, 2023 Apr 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37101161

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic neoplasia may occur in various types, such as lymphoma, lymphosarcoma, lympholeukemia, and plasmacytoid leukemia. Lymphoma, defined as a malignant tumour of lymphoid tissue, has been found in a number of fish families including Esocidae and Salmonidae. However, the occurrence of lymphoma is rare in those belonging to the Cyprinidae. A final diagnosis of ocular and testicular T-cell lymphoma in the present study was based on the clinical signs, morphology, and texture of the tumour masses in the macroscopic and microscopic examinations. In addition, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings corresponded to T-cell lymphoma characteristics. CASE PRESENTATION: A 2-year-old hermaphrodite koi carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758) with a large ocular mass and severe exophthalmia in the right eye was referred to the Ornamental Fish Clinic in October 2020. Under anesthesia, enucleation was performed. 57 days after enucleation of the right eye, exophthalmia in the left eye was discovered. 221 days after surgery, the fish was discovered to be dead. At necropsy, a large soft tissue mass attached to the left testis was discovered. There were also small whitish nodules on the surface of the liver. Histopathology revealed a hypercellular ocular mass with scant connective tissue. The sections also revealed multifocal hemorrhages, round to ovoid neoplastic cells, mild-to-moderate anisokaryosis and anisocytosis, and mitotic figures. Basophilic neoplastic cells were found in blood vessels within the testicular mass, raising the possibility of systemic spread. The liver showed microscopic metastasis with morphologic similarities to the ocular and testicular tumors. The neoplastic cells infiltrating the left and right eyes as well as the testicular mass were immunohistochemically positive for CD3 but negative for CD20. The masses were diagnosed as T-cell lymphoma based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. CONCLUSIONS: This case report provides the first evidence of clinical, histopathological, morphological, and immunohistochemical findings of an ocular and testicular T-cell lymphoma in a hermaphrodite koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Iran.


Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms , Fish Diseases , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral , Testicular Neoplasms , Animals , Male , Carps , Fish Diseases/pathology , Iran , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/veterinary , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Testicular Neoplasms/veterinary , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary
5.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 26(5): 464-471, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37581472

ABSTRACT

A 21-year-old, suspected female captive ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) was followed for 3 years due to an iridial mass of the left eye (OS) that progressively increased in size. Enucleation of OS was eventually recommended due to the iridial mass taking up approximately 75% of the anterior chamber, and the bird seemed less active. A complete physical examination, complete blood cell count, biochemistry, and survey radiographs were performed pre-surgery with no findings indicating metastasis. A subconjunctival enucleation was performed and the globe was submitted for histopathology through the Comparative Ocular Pathology Lab of Wisconsin. The histopathologic evaluation determined the mass to be consistent with an iris melanocytoma, which has not been previously reported in this species. The patient recovered well from surgery and has remained comfortable and active for 117 days post-surgery. This case report aimed to review the current available information on avian ocular neoplasms as well as describe the clinical presentation, medical management and surgical procedure, and long-term follow-up for this patient to enhance clinical understanding of the behavior of iris melanocytic tumors in avian species.


Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms , Hawks , Retinal Neoplasms , Female , Animals , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/surgery , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Retinal Neoplasms/veterinary , Syndrome , Iris/pathology
6.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 25(5): 343-349, 2022 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35395124

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To provide an updated characterization of the prevalence of primary, multicentric, and metastatic intraocular tumors in the canine patient. PROCEDURES: Medical records databases from 4 veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed from 1999 to present to identify dogs with a diagnosis of intraocular neoplasia histopathologically confirmed following enucleation or necropsy. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-two dogs with 173 intraocular neoplasms met the inclusion criteria. Primary intraocular neoplasms were the most common tumors in the study (128); the two most common types were melanocytic neoplasia (90), followed by iridociliary neoplasia (33). There were 28 cases of intraocular involvement secondary to round cell neoplasia, with 18 cases of lymphoma, seven histiocytic sarcomas, and three undifferentiated round cell neoplasms. There were 17 cases of metastatic intraocular neoplasia, with hemangiosarcoma being the most common (9). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of intraocular tumors in dogs arise from the ocular tissues. However, the eye may also be involved in patients with multicentric neoplasia, and, less commonly, as a site for metastatic disease. Ocular screening for patients with multicentric neoplasia should be considered during staging, and ocular signs should be viewed with suspicion in dogs with neoplasia in other sites.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Eye Neoplasms , Hemangiosarcoma , Lymphoma , Animals , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/pathology , Dogs , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Hemangiosarcoma/veterinary , Lymphoma/veterinary , Retrospective Studies
7.
Vet Pathol ; 58(5): 935-944, 2021 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34225508

ABSTRACT

Lacrimal gland tumors (LGTs) in dogs and cats are rare neoplasms that can affect either the nictitans (NLG) or the main lacrimal gland (MLG). A consistent classification scheme for canine and feline LGTs is lacking; however, the importance of a classification scheme for LGTs has been emphasized in the human literature, and an update to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification has recently been published. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of different subtypes of canine and feline LGTs in accordance with the human WHO classification system. Epithelial LGTs (n = 46 tumors; 38 dogs, 8 cats) were reviewed and immunophenotyping for p63, CK14, SMA, calponin, CKAE1/AE3, and CK19 was performed. Consistent with previous literature reports, lacrimal carcinomas outnumbered adenomas in dogs and cats. Based on the WHO classification of human LGTs, the most common subtypes identified in dogs were pleomorphic, ductal, adenoid cystic, and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. In cats, a lower number of subtypes was observed, and adenocarcinoma "not otherwise specified" (NOS) was the most frequent diagnosis. An uncommon case of feline epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma was also observed. The application of the human WHO-LGT classification scheme to canine and feline tumors increased the diversity of diagnoses and allowed for the identification of numerous subtypes. Further studies to identify possible correlations between pathological subtypes and prognosis are warranted.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases , Dog Diseases , Eye Neoplasms , Lacrimal Apparatus , Animals , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Cats , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dogs , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Humans , World Health Organization
8.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 24(4): 408-413, 2021 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33586857

ABSTRACT

A 7-year-old neutered female Domestic Short-haired cat was presented for evaluation of ulceration and severe vascularization of the left cornea. Ophthalmic examination revealed a large red irregular mass over the whole cornea in the left eye. A lamellar keratectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed a chronic lymphoplasmacytic, histocytic, neutrophilic ulcerative keratitis with fibrosis and vascularization. The tumor recurred within 3 months, and another lamellar keratectomy and sclerotomy were performed. The lesion was diagnosed histopathologically as a hemangiosarcoma with incomplete margins. The mass recurred locally 6 weeks later, and an enucleation was performed. Histopathology revealed infiltration of the limbus and connective tissue beyond the sclera. Seven weeks later, a fluctuant swelling was found in the left orbit. Computed tomography confirmed a soft tissue attenuating mass measuring 33 x 24 mm diameter in the orbit. There was no sign of metastasis. Clinical remission was achieved with combined chemotherapy with doxorubicin and radiation therapy. The patient remained in clinical remission 20 months post-chemotherapy.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/pathology , Corneal Diseases/veterinary , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Hemangiosarcoma/veterinary , Orbital Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Cat Diseases/surgery , Cat Diseases/therapy , Cats , Combined Modality Therapy/veterinary , Corneal Diseases/pathology , Corneal Diseases/surgery , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Hemangiosarcoma/pathology , Hemangiosarcoma/surgery , Hemangiosarcoma/therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/veterinary , Orbital Neoplasms/secondary , Orbital Neoplasms/surgery , Orbital Neoplasms/therapy , Radiotherapy/veterinary , Treatment Outcome
9.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 52(2): 763-773, 2021 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34130424

ABSTRACT

Cryosurgery, also known as cryotherapy and cryoablation, is a promising surgical technique that employs highly localized freezing to destroy damaged and diseased tissue, including benign and malignant neoplasms. This procedure has been reported in the treatment of chromatophoromas, fibromas, and peripheral nerve sheath tumors in piscine patients. This study presents eight clinical cases of cryosurgery on cyprinid pet fish for a wide array of neoplastic masses, including chromatophoromas, squamous cell carcinoma, and sarcomas that were diagnosed by histopathology. Surgical excision of external masses, liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, injectable medications (meloxicam and danofloxacin), and topical medical-grade honey were applied to the patients after biopsy sampling. Five out of seven cutaneous cases and two out of three ocular cases had complete resolution without recurrence for at least three months posttreatment. Treatment was unsuccessful for two of the cutaneous cases in which the cutaneous masses were extremely invasive, resulting in severe ulceration and deep invasion into the coelomic cavity. One of the ocular cases involved a corneal mass that did not change in size and had no complications after treatments, suggesting that the treatment might be useful in limiting growth. The effectiveness of cryotherapy appears to correlate with the tumor type, as well as the stage and progression of tumor invasion.


Subject(s)
Carps , Cryosurgery/veterinary , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Fish Diseases/surgery , Nitrogen , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/veterinary , Cryosurgery/methods , Eye Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/veterinary , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgery
10.
J Avian Med Surg ; 35(3): 367-373, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34677036

ABSTRACT

An adult male green-winged (Ara chloropterus) × military (Ara militaris) hybrid macaw of unknown age was presented to the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for evaluation of left periocular swelling, blepharospasm, and ocular discharge. Complete ophthalmic examination and B mode ocular ultrasonography were performed to evaluate the affected eye. Ocular examination revealed a blind left globe with exophthalmos, periocular swelling, diffuse corneal edema, and severe anterior fibrinous uveitis obscuring visualization of the intraocular structures. An ultrasound examination revealed a hyperechoic mass that filled the posterior segment of the globe. Focal discontinuity of the posterior sclera suggested scleral rupture. Enucleation with histopathology was recommended and performed 1.5 months later. Intraoperatively, a heavily pigmented and friable soft tissue mass extruded through the posterior sclera and extended into the orbit. Histologically, the mass was consistent with a malignant melanoma. The patient died 18 hours after the surgical procedure because of unknown complications. Postmortem examination did not identify evidence of metastasis. This study described the clinical appearance and histopathologic findings of a rare ocular neoplasm with extrascleral extension in a hybrid macaw. Although uncommon in psittacine birds, primary ocular melanocytic neoplasms may display features of malignancy with scleral or orbital invasion, or both.


Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms , Melanoma , Parrots , Skin Neoplasms , Uveal Neoplasms , Animals , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Male , Melanoma/veterinary , Skin Neoplasms/veterinary , Uveal Neoplasms/veterinary
11.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 23(5): 814-827, 2020 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32687655

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the frequency and distribution of secondary ocular neoplasms in dogs and cats identified during necropsy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of necropsy records of dogs and cats was conducted, and cases with metastatic/multicentric neoplasms with an extraocular origin, involving the eyes, were selected. RESULTS: From January 2015 to January 2019, we identified a total of 233 dogs and 100 cats with metastatic disease. Of these, 11.6% (27/233) of the dogs and 13% (13/100) of the cats had ocular metastases. Lymphoma was the most common multicentric neoplasm involving the eyes of both species. In dogs, these neoplasms occurred bilaterally, predominantly in the anterior uvea, and were diffuse large B-cell, T-lymphoblastic, peripheral T-cell not otherwise specified, and lymphocytic B-cell lymphomas. In cats, feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-associated T-cell lymphoma was the most common. Mammary carcinoma was the second most common ocular metastatic neoplasm in bitches, with a predominantly unilateral involvement of the uveal tract. In cats, following lymphoma, pulmonary and squamous cell carcinomas were the most common multicentric/metastatic neoplasms of the eyes. Individual cases of cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, and chemodectoma in dogs, as well as mammary gland cribriform carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, and histiocytic sarcoma in cats were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The eyes of dogs were mostly affected by lymphoma or mammary gland carcinoma, while those of cats mostly had lymphoma, pulmonary carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma as the main metastatic/multicentric neoplasm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify intraocular metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and chemodectoma in dogs, aside from identifying salivary gland carcinoma in cats.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/pathology , Dog Diseases/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Lymphoma/veterinary , Animals , Autopsy/veterinary , Cats , Dogs , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/secondary , Female , Lymphoma/pathology , Male , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology , Retrospective Studies
12.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 23(1): 77-89, 2020 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31328872

ABSTRACT

This retrospective study aimed to describe and classify cats with intraocular lymphoma, determine the proportion of cases with presumed solitary ocular lymphoma (PSOL) compared with ocular manifestations of multicentric disease and assess the clinical outcomes of these patients. One hundred seventy-two cases identified through biopsy submissions were reviewed histologically; 163 of these cases were subtyped according to the WHO classification system. Cases were categorized as having PSOL or ocular lymphoma with suspected systemic involvement (SSI) based on submission forms and follow-up data. The majority of cases exhibited concurrent uveitis (75%) and secondary glaucoma (58%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common subtype (n = 86; 53%), followed by peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n = 44; 27%). Other subtypes included anaplastic large T- (n = 8; 5%) and B-cell (n = 4; 2.5%) lymphomas, and 15 cases (9%) were negative for all immunohistochemical markers. In sixty-nine cases (40%), adequate clinical data and sufficient survival data were obtained to distinguish PSOL from SSI. PSOL comprised the majority of cases (64%), while 36% had SSI. When covarying for age at diagnosis, the median survival time was significantly higher (P = 0.003) for cases of PSOL (154 days) versus those with SSI (69 days); hazards ratio of 0.47 for PSOL (95% CI: 0.241-0.937). The subtype of lymphoma did not affect survival time. Cats with PSOL represent a greater proportion of the disease population, and this subset of cats with intraocular lymphoma has a better clinical outcome.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/classification , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Lymphoma/veterinary , Animals , Cat Diseases/pathology , Cats , Eye Neoplasms/classification , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphoma/classification , Lymphoma/pathology , Retrospective Studies
13.
BMC Vet Res ; 15(1): 52, 2019 Feb 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30732595

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Primary corneal tumors are unusual in dogs although there has been a rise in the prevalence of canine corneal squamous cell carcinoma in the past decades due to different factors. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation, presence of chronic keratitis or history of superficial trauma are some of them. We report for the first time a highly infiltrative corneal neoplasia with both exophytic and deep stromal growth, which presented atypical histologic features of a squamous cell carcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION: An adult male French bulldog was referred with an exophytic, pink to white gelatinous mass occupying approximately 70% of the central cornea on the right eye. Histological findings from the excisional biopsy were consistent with corneal carcinoma and transconjunctival enucleation was performed at the request of the owner. A final diagnosis of primary corneal squamous cell carcinoma was done based on the squamous differentiation observed in the neoplastic cells of the superficial layers. However, cells in deeper layers were less differentiated, showed pseudoacinar formations and did not expressed marker for stratified squamous epithelium (i.e., cytokeratin 5/6). The dramatic thickening of the cornea and the fact of observing neoplastic cells almost at the level of the Descemet's membrane make this case very unusual as the squamous cell carcinoma in dogs tends to involve the superficial stroma or colonize the corneal surface as an exophytic lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the histological findings, a high infiltrative and poorly differentiated corneal squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed. In terms of clinical relevance, our results suggest that corneal lesions compatible with neoplasia need an early diagnosis in order to prevent the aggressive growth of the tumor and the enucleation of the eye.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/veterinary , Corneal Diseases/veterinary , Dog Diseases/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cornea/pathology , Corneal Diseases/diagnosis , Corneal Diseases/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dogs , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Neoplasm Invasiveness
14.
Vet Pathol ; 56(3): 460-464, 2019 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30686121

ABSTRACT

This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and histopathologic features of oculodermal melanocytosis in a young dog. A 3-year-old male neutered Labrador Retriever presented with conjunctival and scleral hyperpigmentation of the right eye, with concurrent ipsilateral cutaneous hyperpigmentation involving the right side of the face. Initial skin and conjunctival biopsies revealed an accumulation of histologically benign melanocytes within the dermis and conjunctival stroma, respectively. Enucleation was elected 19 months later by the referring veterinarian due to the progression of ocular pigmentation with concurrent marked corneal lipidosis and the suspicion of a scleral mass. On gross and histopathologic examination of the globe, there was marked panuveal melanocytosis with extension into the sclera, bulbar conjunctiva, and connective tissue surrounding the optic nerve, as well as sharply demarcated ipsilateral hyperpigmentation of the facial skin. The findings are characteristic of oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota), a dermal melanocytic hamartoma presenting as cutaneous facial hyperpigmentation that corresponds to the distribution of the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve, often with ipsilateral ocular involvement.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Nevus of Ota/veterinary , Skin Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Conjunctiva/pathology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dogs , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Nevus of Ota/diagnosis , Nevus of Ota/pathology , Sclera/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/pathology
15.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 22(6): 760-766, 2019 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30715783

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical features of dogs diagnosed with ocular dermoids at two veterinary teaching hospitals. ANIMALS STUDIED: Retrospective case series of 44 dogs (49 dermoids) with ocular dermoids. PROCEDURES: Medical records of dogs evaluated by the Cornell University and University of Pennsylvania ophthalmology services were evaluated to identify dogs with a clinical diagnosis of ocular dermoids between 2004 and 2018, and 2011 and 2018, respectively. Signalment, historical, and clinical details were recorded, including dermoid location, concurrent diseases, treatment, histopathologic findings, and outcome. RESULTS: A total of 49 ocular dermoids, involving 47 eyes, were diagnosed in 44 dogs. The mean ( standard deviation) age of the study population at the time of diagnosis was 1.19 years (1.85 years). Of the 44 dogs evaluated, 28 (63.6%) were male and 30 (68.2%) were intact at time of diagnosis. Twenty-two different breeds were represented in the study, with mixed breed, French Bulldog, and Shih Tzu being the most common. Twenty-two dermoids were categorized as limbal (44.9%), 14 as eyelid (28.6%), eight as corneal (16.3%), and five as conjunctival (10.2%). Concurrent ocular findings were noted in 29 of the 47 eyes (61.7%), including corneal pigmentation, epiphora, and conjunctival hyperemia. Nine dogs (20.5%) suffered from concurrent systemic disease, with the majority being cardiac in origin. A total of 34 dermoids (69.4%) were surgically excised with no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular dermoids are an uncommon condition in dogs. Concurrent congenital cardiac disease was relatively common in the dogs of this study. Surgical excision of dermoids was curative.


Subject(s)
Dermoid Cyst/veterinary , Dog Diseases/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Dermoid Cyst/diagnosis , Dermoid Cyst/pathology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dogs , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies
16.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 22(2): 201-205, 2019 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30238589

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To document a case of limbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a Rocky Mountain Horse stallion determined to be homozygous for the genetic risk factor (DDB2 c.1013C>T) strongly associated with the disease in Haflinger and Belgian horses, and to determine the frequency of this allele in a larger population of Rocky Mountain Horses. ANIMALS STUDIED: One privately owned Rocky Mountain Horse and 84 Rocky Mountain Horses screened for allelic frequency. PROCEDURES: A complete ophthalmic examination was performed on a Rocky Mountain Horse stallion for assessment of a mass affecting the right eye. A clinical diagnosis of suspected limbal SCC was made, and routine keratoconjunctivectomy and adjunctive strontium irradiation were performed. Genotyping for the DDB2 c.1013C > T (rs1139682898) risk variant was performed utilizing an allele-specific PCR assay on DNA isolated from whole blood and hair follicles. RESULTS: Histopathology confirmed the limbal mass to be consistent with SCC. The horse was genotyped as homozygous for the DDB2 c.1013C >T risk variant. The frequency of the variant allele among a population of 84 Rocky Mountain Horses was found to be 0.20. CONCLUSION: The Rocky Mountain Horse breed possesses the DDB2 variant allele determined to be a significant risk factor for ocular SCC in the Haflinger and Belgian breeds. Genotyping additional Rocky Mountain Horses diagnosed with ocular SCC as well as confirmed healthy controls for this variant should be undertaken to determine whether a significant association exists between ocular SCC and the variant in the Rocky Mountain Horse breed.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/veterinary , Corneal Diseases/veterinary , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Horse Diseases/genetics , Limbus Corneae , Alleles , Animals , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Corneal Diseases/genetics , Eye Neoplasms/genetics , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Homozygote , Horses , Male
17.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 22(3): 256-264, 2019 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30052302

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the recurrence frequency and the time to recurrence of canine palpebral masses treated with debulking and cryotherapy. METHODS: Medical records of dogs that underwent debulking and cryotherapy for palpebral masses from December 2010 to November 2015 at the University of Minnesota's Veterinary Medical Center were reviewed. A telephone survey with owners was used to determine recurrence and time to recurrence. RESULTS: Forty-six masses (31 dogs) were included in this retrospective study. Included palpebral masses were as follows: adenomas 17/46 (37%), epitheliomas 8/46 (17.4%), papillomas 6/46 (13%), inflammatory masses 6/46 (13%), mixed adenoma-papillomas 6/46 (13%), mixed epithelioma-papillomas 2/46 (4.4%), and a melanocytoma 1/46 (2.2%). Of the seven masses that were noted to recur (7/46, 15.2%), three were mixed adenoma-papillomas (three of six adenoma-papillomas, 50%), two were epitheliomas (two of eight epitheliomas, 25%), one was a papilloma (one of six papillomas, 16.7%), and one was a melanocytoma (one of one melanocytoma, 100%). Average recurrence time was 367.9 days [range: 30-904 days]. A significant association between tumor type and tumor recurrence was found (P = .009). Adenomas were significantly less likely to recur (P = .017), and mixed adenoma-papillomas were significantly more likely to recur (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Debulking and cryotherapy is an effective method of treatment for eyelid masses in dogs with a low study recurrence rate of 15.2% and average recurrence time of 367.9 days. Results also suggest that mixed adenoma-papilloma masses have a significantly higher recurrence rate than other eyelid masses, whereas adenomas had no recurrence in our study population.


Subject(s)
Adenoma/veterinary , Conjunctiva , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/veterinary , Papilloma/veterinary , Adenoma/epidemiology , Adenoma/surgery , Animals , Cryotherapy/veterinary , Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures/veterinary , Dog Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Dog Diseases/surgery , Dogs , Eye Neoplasms/epidemiology , Eye Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Male , Minnesota/epidemiology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Papilloma/epidemiology , Papilloma/surgery , Postoperative Complications/veterinary , Records/veterinary , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
18.
J Avian Med Surg ; 33(3): 278-284, 2019 Sep 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31893623

ABSTRACT

A 19-year-old female Congo African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) presented for an oval, solid, pigmented, suspected intraocular mass with extrascleral extension through the inferior cornea of the left eye. The eye was nonvisual, and intraocular portions of the mass significantly altered the posterior chamber. Neoplasia was confirmed by biopsy, and enucleation was performed because of the severity of ocular disease, loss of vision, enhancement of patient comfort, and potential metastasis. Histopathologic examination of the entire globe revealed a pigmented iridociliary adenoma. Iridociliary adenomas have been rarely reported in birds, and this case report details diagnosis and treatment. Iridociliary adenomas in other species are often benign, indicating this neoplasia can be successfully treated with no reoccurrence by complete excision.


Subject(s)
Adenoma/veterinary , Bird Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Adenoma/classification , Adenoma/pathology , Adenoma/surgery , Animals , Bird Diseases/pathology , Bird Diseases/surgery , Eye Enucleation/veterinary , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Parrots
19.
Anim Genet ; 49(5): 457-460, 2018 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29999543

ABSTRACT

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common cancer affecting the equine eye, with a higher incidence documented in Haflinger horses. Recently, a missense variant in the gene damage specific DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2, p.Thr338Met) on ECA12 was identified as a risk factor for the development of limbal SCC in Haflinger horses. SCC also occurs on the nictitating membrane; therefore, investigating the role of this missense variant in nictitating membrane SCC is warranted. In this study, a common ancestor was identified among Haflinger horses affected with limbal SCC or with nictitating membrane SCC, thus supporting a recessive risk factor for the development of cancer at both ocular locations. Analysis of genotype data from Haflinger horses with and without nictitating membrane SCC revealed that the same region on ECA12 associated with limbal SCC was also associated with nictitating membrane SCC (P < 2.04 × 10-5 ). Fine mapping of this locus using 25 cases and 49 controls supported the hypothesis that DDB2:c.1013C>T, p.Thr338Met, is a risk factor for nictitating membrane SCC, as 88% of our cases were homozygous for this variant and no other polymorphism was more strongly associated (P = 4.13 × 10-14 ). These data indicate that the genetic risk is the same for the development of both limbal and nictitating membrane SCC in Haflinger horses and validates utilization of genetic testing of the DDB2 variant for both clinical management and the guidance of mating decisions.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/veterinary , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Horse Diseases/genetics , Animals , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Chromosomes, Mammalian , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Eye Neoplasms/genetics , Horses , Limbus Corneae/pathology , Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics , Nictitating Membrane/pathology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
20.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 21(2): 167-173, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28714087

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this retrospective study of 100 dogs with intraocular lymphoma were to describe the histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features of canine intraocular lymphoma, determine the proportion of cases with presumed solitary ocular lymphoma (PSOL) compared to multicentric disease, and assess the clinical outcomes of these patients. Selected cases from Penn Vet Diagnostic Laboratory and Comparative Ocular Pathology Lab of Wisconsin (2004-2015) were evaluated and subtyped using the WHO classification system. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were the two most common subtypes. Questionnaires were distributed to the referring veterinarians and veterinary ophthalmologists inquiring about clinical signs at time of enucleation, staging, patient outcome, treatment, and disease progression. Cases were categorized as PSOL if only ocular involvement was noted at the time of diagnosis based on the clinical staging criteria. The majority of cases (61%) did not have systemic involvement at the time of diagnosis, and these cases did not progress postoperatively. Median survival time (MST) was significantly higher for the presumed solitary intraocular cases: 769 vs. 103 days, hazard ratio of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.077-0.68). The subtype of lymphoma did not affect survival time. The results of this study suggest two significant points of clinical interest: the majority of dogs (61%) presented without signs of systemic involvement of lymphoma at the time of enucleation, and dogs with only ocular involvement showed no disease progression postenucleation.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/veterinary , Intraocular Lymphoma/pathology , Intraocular Lymphoma/veterinary , Animals , Dog Diseases/classification , Dog Diseases/immunology , Dogs , Eye Neoplasms/classification , Eye Neoplasms/immunology , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Immunophenotyping/veterinary , Intraocular Lymphoma/classification , Intraocular Lymphoma/immunology , Male , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
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