Ultrasonographic diagnosis of a lymphomatous lymph node presumptively infiltrating the ureter causing hydronephrosis in a 3-year-old dog.

A 3-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was presented for chronic vomiting and diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large amorphous, heterogeneous mass within the left mid to caudal abdomen most consistent with medial iliac lymph node. It appeared to invade the left ureter and extend distally causing ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis. Concurrent additional ultrasound findings were consistent with metastatic or multicentric neoplasia. Fine needle aspirates of the lymph node and spleen both confirmed large cell lymphoma. These findings present evidence of lymphoma invading directly from an organ into the ureter which has not previously been reported in dogs.

Rapport de cas Suspected congenital unilateral ureteral atresia and hydronephrosis in a 6-year-old dog.

A 6-year-old neutered male giant schnauzer dog was presented to an emergency clinic with stranguria and pollakiuria. On physical examination, the abdomen was generally and non-painfully distended. Diagnostic imaging revealed several large, anechoic, fluid-filled, space-occupying lesions from the cranial to caudal abdomen placing extramural pressure on the bladder and urethra and apparently causing the clinical signs. Unilateral ureteral atresia with secondary ipsilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter were diagnosed on post-mortem examination. Due to a lack of history of abdominal surgery or trauma and the absence of scarring or stenosis of the ureter, the condition was suspected to be congenital. Key clinical message: Although rare, hydronephrosis and hydroureter secondary to a congenital ureteral defect should be considered when a dog is presented with abdominal distension and several peritoneal and retroperitoneal space-occupying lesions on diagnostic imaging.

Atrésie urétérale unilatérale congénitale suspectée et hydronéphrose chez un chien de 6 ans. Un chien schnauzer géant mâle castré âgé de 6 ans a été présenté à une clinique d'urgence avec une strangurie et une pollakiurie. À l'examen physique, l'abdomen était distendu de manière générale et non-douloureuse. L'imagerie diagnostique a révélé plusieurs grandes lésions anéchoïques, remplies de liquide et occupant de l'espace de l'abdomen crânien à caudal, exerçant une pression extra-murale sur la vessie et l'urètre et causant apparemment les signes cliniques. Une atrésie urétérale unilatérale avec hydronéphrose ipsilatérale secondaire et hydro-uretère ont été diagnostiqués lors de l'autopsie. En raison d'un manque d'antécédents de chirurgie abdominale ou de traumatisme et de l'absence de cicatrices ou de sténose de l'uretère, la condition a été suspectée d'être congénitale.Message clinique clé :Bien que rares, l'hydronéphrose et l'hydro-uretère secondaires à une anomalie urétérale congénitale doivent être envisagées lorsqu'un chien présente une distension abdominale et plusieurs lésions péritonéales et rétropéritonéales occupant de l'espace à l'imagerie diagnostique.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Ultrasonographic and contrast-enhanced CT imaging diagnosis of idiopathic renal hematuria with bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter in a dog.

A 5-year-old spayed female Maltese presented with a 1-week history of severe hematuria. Abdominal ultrasonography and thoracic, and abdominal computed tomography identified bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter due to an obstruction at the left ureter and urinary bladder lesion with no evidence of metastasis. After surgical removal of the material and placement of a temporary ureteral stent, the patient was able to urinate normally. Histological examination revealed a massive blood clot. Based on our review of the literature, this is the first published report describing the imaging diagnosis of obstructive hydronephrosis and hydroureter induced by idiopathic renal hematuria in a dog.

A case of congenital ureteral atresia causing rare upper and lower urinary tract manifestations in a puppy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Ureteral atresia is the congenital absence of a ureteral opening, resulting in a blind-ended ureter that fails to terminate at the urinary bladder. Consequently, severe hydroureter and hydronephrosis occur ipsilateral to the atresic ureter. However, hydronephrosis contralateral to severe hydroureter, although reported in humans, is not documented in the dog. Additionally, ureteral atresia has not been reported as a cause for lower urinary tract signs directly related to extramural urinary bladder compression. This report aims to describe these unique manifestations of this congenital urinary tract disease, as well as follow-up findings after successful treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 4-month-old male Husky puppy was evaluated for pollakiuria, stranguria, and urine dribbling of 1-month duration. During the physical examination, a mass was palpated in the mid-abdomen. Diagnostic imaging and cystoscopy findings were diagnostic for right-sided ureteral atresia with secondary hydroureter and hydronephrosis. The severe right hydroureter caused lower urinary tract signs and contralateral hydronephrosis secondary to regional compression of the left distal ureter and urinary bladder. A right-sided ureteronephrectomy was performed, resolving the stranguria and pollakiuria. Significant reduction in the contralateral (left) hydronephrosis also occurred. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ureteral atresia should be considered as a differential diagnosis for lower urinary tract signs and/or bilateral hydronephrosis in a young dog. Reporting this case expands our knowledge of congenital lower urinary tract disease and the etiology of their manifestations in dogs. Surgical resolution of the congenital ureteral abnormality can result in preservation of renal function in the contralaterally obstructed kidney.

Use of radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography in the diagnosis of a pyogranulomatous ureteral mass in a cat.

An 8-year-old, spayed female, domestic short haired cat, with diabetes mellitus, was presented to the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center for an acute onset of vomiting and inappetence. Abdominal radiographs showed mild retroperitoneal effusion and asymmetric left-sided renomegaly. Subsequently, on abdominal ultrasound, a hypoechoic left ureteral mass with left hydronephrosis and hydroureter was identified. An abdominal computed tomography revealed a heterogeneously contrast-enhancing mass circumferentially surrounding the mid to distal left ureter, mild retroperitoneal effusion, left-sided hydronephrosis and hydroureter, and a distally located ureteral calculus at the level of the ureterovesicular junction. The patient was diagnosed with left-sided pyogranulomatous ureteritis via surgical biopsy and histopathology.

Hydronephrosis in a dairy calf: A diagnosis delayed by a clinician's Bayesian brain reasoning.

A 3-week-old female dairy calf was presented because of severe weakness and diarrhea. Physical examination and ultrasound findings lead to a tentative diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, although serum biochemistry suggested a primary renal disorder. Reassessment of ultrasound images allowed diagnosis of hydronephrosis that had been misdiagnosed probably because of the clinician's biased Bayesian reasoning. Pyelonephritis without renal failure was diagnosed 2.5 months later. The calf was euthanized and the diagnoses were confirmed.

Une hydronéphrose rénale chez un veau laitier : quand le raisonnement Bayesien du clinicien rend le diagnostic plus difficile. Une génisse âgée de 3 semaines est présenté pour faiblesse générale et diarrhée. L'examen clinique et les images échographiques de l'abdomen sont compatibles avec une obstruction intestinale. Mais les résultats d'analyse biochimique montrent une anomalie rénale. Un examen échographique supplémentaire est compatible avec un diagnostic d'hydronéphrose. Le diagnostic d'hydronéphrose n'avait pas été fait à la première visite probablement suite au raisonnement Bayesien du clinicien. Le veau est revu 2,5 mois plus tard. L'échographie de l'abdomen, les analyses urinaire et sanguine montrent une pyélonéphrite sans insuffisance rénale. Le veau est euthanasié et l'autopsie montre l'hydronéphrose et pyélonéphrite bilatérale.(Traduit par les auteurs).

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-RADIOGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF BILATERAL CONGENITAL URETEROVESICAL JUNCTION STENOSIS CAUSING HYDRONEPHROSIS AND HYDROURETER IN A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO).

An 8-month-old neutered male ferret was presented for vaccination and preventive treatment for adrenal gland disease. Abdominal ultrasound revealed severe bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Excretory urography and negative contrast cystography showed bilateral ureterovesical junction stenosis. Positive retrograde cystography demonstrated right ureteral reflux. A subcutaneous ureteral bypass was placed in the left kidney; however, it had to be removed 3 months later due to an obstruction and persistent urinary tract infection. Bilateral ureteroneocystotomy was performed. Although congenital strictures are uncommon in veterinary patients, they should be included in the differential diagnosis in ferrets presenting with hydronephrosis and hydroureter of undetermined cause.

BILATERAL HYDRONEPHROSIS IN A SUGAR GLIDER (PETAURUS BREVICEPS).

An adult, intact male sugar glider ( Petaurus breviceps ) presented for acute caudal abdominal swelling. Treatment by the referring veterinarian included aspiration of urine from the swelling. On physical examination, mild depression, pale mucus membranes, and caudal abdominal swelling were noted. Focused ultrasonographic assessment revealed a fluid-filled caudal abdominal structure and subjective bladder wall thickening. The following day, the sugar glider was severely depressed. Hematology results included hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and azotemia. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Despite supportive care, the animal died. Postmortem examination confirmed bilateral ureteral dilation, renal petechial hemorrhage, and dilation of the right renal pelvis. Submucosal edema, hemorrhage, and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the urinary bladder, ureters, and renal pelvises were noted. Hyperplasia of the urinary bladder and ureteral epithelium, coupled with inflammation, may have caused functional obstruction leading to bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter. This is the first reported case of hydronephrosis in a marsupial.

Nephroureterectomy and ureteroneocystostomy in an alpaca with bilateral ectopic ureters diagnosed by computed tomographic excretory urography.

OBJECTIVE: To report diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence in a female Huacaya alpaca. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical case report. ANIMALS: Female intact Huacaya alpaca (n = 1) METHODS: Computed tomographic (CT) excretory urography and vaginourethrography were performed to diagnose the cause of urinary incontinence. RESULTS: Bilateral ectopic ureters and left hydronephrosis and hydroureter were diagnosed. Left nephroureterectomy and right ureteroneocystostomy were performed with subsequent resolution of clinical signs. Pyelonephritis was identified by culture of the resected left kidney. CONCLUSIONS: CT excretory urography was helpful in the diagnosis of bilateral ectopic ureters in an alpaca and provided information for surgical planning. Surgical repair by ureteroneocystostomy and unilateral nephroureterectomy was successful in resolving clinical signs.

Bilateral congenital ureteral strictures in a young cat.

An 8-month-old cat was presented with bilateral hydronephrosis. Bilateral ureteral obstructions were identified by diagnostic imaging and confirmed by necropsy. Histopathologic findings revealed polypoid transitional epithelial hyperplasia with chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. This report documents congenital ureteral strictures as a cause of ureteral obstruction in a young cat.

Constriction urétérale bilatérale congénitale chez un jeune chat. Un chat âgé de 8 mois a été présenté avec une hydrophénose bilatérale. Des obstructions urétérales bilatérales ont été identifiées par imagerie diagnostique et confirmée par nécropsie. Les résultats histopathologiques ont révélé une hyperplasie épithéliale polypoïde transitionnelle avec une inflammation lymphoplasmacytique chronique. Ce rapport documente les constrictions urétérales congénitales comme cause de l'obstruction urétérale chez un jeune chat.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Nephrectomy in an Asian small-clawed otter (Amblonyx cinereus) with pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis secondary to ureteral obstruction.

A 10-yr-old, captive, intact male Asian small-clawed otter (Amblonyx cinereus) with a history of bilateral nephrolithiasis was presented for acute-onset lethargy and inappetance of 5 days duration. On physical examination, the otter was about 8% dehydrated and a palpable fluid wave was present in the abdomen. An abdominal ultrasound revealed hydronephrosis of the left kidney and a hyperechoic structure present within the lumen of the left ureter, causing an obstruction. A urinalysis revealed struvite crystalluria, bacteriuria, and an elevated pH. Following 4 days of antibiotic therapy, a left ureteronephrectomy was performed. Upon opening the kidney to retrieve calculi, a large amount of purulent material was noted within the renal pelvis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of a nephrectomy in an Asian small-clawed otter. Nephrectomy should be considered as a viable option for treatment of ureteral obstruction, hydronephrosis, or severe pyelonephritis.

Levopositioned caudal vena cava and circumcaval left ureter with subsequent hydronephrosis and hydroureter in a dog.

The presentation and investigation of a levopositioned caudal vena cava, a rare congenital vascular abnormality seen mainly in Bernese Mountain Dogs, which resulted in ureteral compression, hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Surgical transection, transposition and anastomosis were performed to reposition the circumcaval ureter. A 19-month-old male neutered Bernese Mountain Dog was presented with a 13-month history of vague signs including intermittent abdominal pain, inappetence and diarrhoea, which were poorly responsive to medical management. Abdominal ultrasound revealed left-sided hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Further investigation included abdominal computed tomography and pre- and post-intravenous iodinated contrast, which revealed a levopositioned caudal vena cava with associated ureteral displacement to a circumcaval position, resulting in ureteral compression and proximal dilation affecting both the proximal ureter and the left kidney. The patient was also found to have concomitant gall bladder agenesis. Surgery was performed to transect, transpose and anastomose the ureter in a normal anatomical position, and the patient made an excellent clinical recovery. All gastrointestinal signs resolved within 2 weeks of surgery and remained resolved 12 months later. Follow-up ultrasound and pyelography were performed at 4-month post-surgery, revealing a mild improvement in the hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Although rare, circumcaval ureter should be considered a differential in dogs presenting with hydroureter and hydronephrosis, especially Bernese Mountain Dogs.

Experimental and clinical evaluation of transperitoneal laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To report a surgical technique for transperitoneal laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy (TLU) in dogs and describe complications and outcome in a cohort of dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study and case series. ANIMALS: Purpose-bred research dogs (n = 3) and canine clinical cases (9). METHODS: In 11 of 12 dogs, a 3 port laparoscopic approach was used and in 1 dog a 4-port approach was used. Incision through the retroperitoneal space was followed by early dissection of the ureter to aid retraction and elevation of the renal hilus. Dissection was performed principally by use of a vessel-sealing device. Ligation of the renal hilar vessels was accomplished using laparoscopic hemoclips. Experimental dogs were euthanatized and necropsied. RESULTS: In 3 experimental dogs, no intraoperative complications occurred and conversion to an open approach was unnecessary. Of 9 clinical cases, conversion to an open approach was required in 2 dogs, because of severe hydroureter obscuring observation in 1, and uncontrollable retroperitoneal hemorrhage in the other dog. In 1 dog hemorrhage from the renal capsule and renal vein was controlled laparoscopically. No other major complications occurred. All dogs were discharged. CONCLUSIONS: Transperitoneal laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy is feasible in dogs although conversion to an open approach should be considered when uncontrollable hemorrhage is encountered or the view is obscured by anatomic alteration.

Supernumerary kidney with ipsilateral cryptorchidism in a cat.

An 8 wk old male domestic longhair was presented with an abdominal mass and cryptorchidism. A 2 cm mass was palpable in the midabdomen. Ultrasonography confirmed a complex, septated, cystic mass adjacent and caudal to the right kidney. A normally appearing left kidney was present. Pathologic examination of the excised abdominal mass revealed it to be a kidney with an attached, normal caliber ureter. At surgery, this kidney was separate from the parenchyma of the second, cranial, right kidney. Subsequently, the second right kidney became hydronephrotic and was removed together with the cryptorchid testis and an apparently hypoplastic ureter. This is the first report of a supernumerary kidney in a cat, adding it to the differential diagnoses of abdominal masses.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade hydropropulsion to relieve ureteral obstruction in a pet guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).

Severe hydroureter and hydronephrosis secondary to ureteral obstruction by calculus were present in a guinea pig. A palliative ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade hydropropulsion was performed under general anesthesia to relieve the ureteral obstruction and the associated clinical signs. We describe the technique and the considerations for its potential application in similar cases.

Hydropropulsion antérograde percutanée guidée par échographie pour soulager l'obstruction urétérale d'un cobaye de compagnie(Cavia porcellus). Une urétérohydrose et une hydronéphose graves secondaires à une obstruction urétérale causée par des calculs étaient présentes chez un cobaye. Une hydropropulsion antérograde percutanée guidée par échographie a été réalisée sous anesthésie générale pour soulager l'obstruction urétérale et les signes cliniques connexes. Nous décrivons la technique et les considérations pour son application potentielle dans des cas semblables.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Ureteroneocystostomy for treatment of struvite urolithiasis in a ferret.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical outcome of a ferret undergoing a ureteroneocystostomy for treatment of urolithiasis. ANIMAL: A 10-month-old spayed female ferret. CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES: The ferret was evaluated for straining to urinate and defecate, hematochezia, and a rectal prolapse. Plain radiographs revealed large cystic and ureteral calculi. Clinicopathologic analyses indicated the ferret was anemic with an elevated creatinine concentration. Exploratory laparotomy defined bilateral ureteral calculi that were unable to be successfully moved into the bladder. A cystotomy was performed to remove a large cystic calculus. Serial abdominal ultrasonographic examinations showed progressive hydronephrosis of the left kidney and persistent pyelectasia of the right kidney secondary to bilateral ureteral calculi. This confirmed a left ureteral obstruction secondary to the distal calculus while the right ureter remained patent. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: A ureteroneocystostomy was performed to allow for left renal decompression. The ferret recovered well despite worsening hydronephrosis of the left kidney in the perioperative period. The ferret was discharged from the hospital 10 days after initial evaluation. At 3-week follow-up, abdominal ultrasonography confirmed resolution of hydronephrosis and ureteral dilation of the left kidney and ureter. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A ureteroneocystostomy successfully allowed renal decompression and ureteral patency in a ferret with urolithiasis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time this procedure has been reported in a ferret for treatment of a ureteral calculus obstruction and may result in good long-term outcome.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography with computed tomography for the diagnosis of spontaneous partial ureteral rupture in a dog.

A 10-year-old spayed female dalmatian dog developed acute vomiting and abdominal pain. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen showed right hydronephrosis and proximal ureter dilation with mild retroperitoneal free fluid. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen confirmed the ultrasonographic findings and revealed, additionally, a right ureteral stone. Spontaneus rupture of the right ureter was confirmed with CT post ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography. Pyeloureteral rupture and the presence of a ureteral stone were confirmed at surgery.

Pyélographie antégrade percutanée guidée par échographie avec tomodensitométrie pour le diagnostic d'une rupture urétrale partielle spontanée chez un chien. Une chienne Dalmatien stérilisée âgée de 10 ans a manifesté des vomissements et de la douleur abdominale aigus. Une échographie de l'abdomen a montré de l'hydronéphrose à droite et une dilatation proximale de l'urètre avec un peu de liquide rétropéritonéal libre. Une tomodensitométrie de l'abdomen a confirmé les résultats de l'échographie et a révélé, en plus, un calcul urétéral droit. Une rupture spontanée de l'urètre droit a été confirmée par tomodensitométrie après une pyélographie antégrade percutanée guidée par échographie. La rupture pyélo-urétérale et la présence de calcul urétéral ont été confirmées à la chirurgie.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

[Outcome of selective mating in the Entlebucher Mountain Dog for reduction of ureteral ectopia]. / Ergebnis der selektiven Verpaarung beim Entlebucher Sennenhund zur Reduktion der ureteralen Ektopie.

INTRODUCTION: The Entlebucher Mountain Dog is predisposed to ureteral ectopia and associated diseases of the urinary tract as well as the kidneys, which can have severe to lethal consequences. Due to the clustered occurrence of clinical signs in 11 % of Entlebucher Mountain dogs in the absence of a genetic test for ureteral ectopia, screening was introduced in 2008 to allow phenotype-based breeding selection. The ureteral orifices of the dogs are visualized by ultrasound and existing urinary retention or urinary incontinence is documented. The diagnostic findings were evaluated centrally with assignment to one of five phenotypes depending on the localization of the ureteral orifices and the renal and ureteral shape. Breeding approval and mating restrictions are the responsibility of the respective breeding associations and predominantly Entlebucher Mountain Dogs with extravesical ectopic ureters and/or clinical signs were excluded from breeding. The effect of phenotype-based selective mating on the incidence of ureteral ectopia and its clinical signs, as well as possible factors influencing the expression of the phenotype, were determined in the birth cohorts after the introduction of screening. Analysis of the data set of 1456 phenotyped Entlebucher Mountain Dogs showed, that at 11 % versus 5 %, males were more frequently assigned to the extravesical phenotype than females. The effect of phenotype-based breeding selection was examined in a subpopulation consisting of phenotyped parents and their offspring (n = 876). The prevalence of the extravesical phenotype decreased from 24 % in the 2005 to 2007 birth cohorts to 1,4 % in the 2015 to 2017 birth cohorts. Since 2015 almost no Entlebucher Mountain Dogs with incontinence, hydroureter or hydronephrosis have been recorded. It was feared that the additional selection measures to control ureteral ectopia in the small Entlebucher Mountain Dog population would intensify the inbreeding increase. However, this has so far remained absent. Therefore, as long as no genetic test is available, it is recommended to continue phenotype-based breeding selection with exclusion of dogs with extravesical ureteral ectopia and/or hydroureter/hydronephrosis/urinary incontinence, while keeping an eye on the development of the inbreeding coefficient.

INTRODUCTION: Le Bouvier de l'Entlebuch est prédisposé à l'ectopie urétérale et aux maladies associées des voies urinaires ainsi que des reins, ce qui peut entraîner des conséquences fatales. En raison de l'apparition de signes cliniques chez 11 % des chiens et en l'absence d'un test génétique pour l'ectopie urétérale, un dépistage a été introduit en 2008 pour permettre une sélection d'élevage basée sur le phénotype. Les orifices urétraux des chiens ont été visualisés par échographie et la rétention ou l'incontinence urinaire existante documentée. Les résultats du diagnostic ont été évalués de manière centralisée avec attribution à l'un des cinq phénotypes en fonction de la localisation des orifices urétéraux ainsi que de la forme des reins et des uretères. L'approbation pour la reproduction et les restrictions d'accouplement relèvent de la responsabilité des associations d'élevage respectives et les bouviers de l'Entlebuch présentant des uretères ectopiques extravésicaux et/ou des signes cliniques ont majoritairement été exclus de la reproduction. L'effet de cet accouplement sélectif basé sur le phénotype sur l'incidence de l'ectopie urétérale et de ses signes cliniques ainsi que les facteurs possibles influençant l'expression du phénotype ont été déterminés dans les cohortes de naissance après l'introduction du dépistage. L'analyse de l'ensemble des données de 1456 Bouviers de l'Entlebuch phénotypés a montré que, à 11 % contre 5 %, les mâles étaient plus fréquemment affectés au phénotype extravésical que les femelles. L'effet de la sélection d'élevage basée sur le phénotype a été examiné dans une sous-population composée de parents phénotypés et de leur progéniture (n = 876). La prévalence du phénotype extravésical est passée de 24 % dans les cohortes de naissance de 2005 à 2007 à 1,4 % dans les cohortes de naissance de 2015 à 2017. Depuis 2015, presque aucun bouvier d'Entlebuch présentant une incontinence, un hydrouretère ou une hydronéphrose n'a été enregistré. Une possible augmentation de la consanguinité due aux mesures de sélection supplémentaires visant à contrôler l'ectopie urétérale ne s'est pas produite. Par conséquent, tant qu'aucun test génétique n'est disponible, il est recommandé de poursuivre la sélection d'élevage basée sur le phénotype avec exclusion des chiens présentant une ectopie urétérale extravésicale et/ou une hydrouretère/hydronéphrose/incontinence urinaire, tout en surveillant l'évolution du coefficient de consanguinité.

Renal Dysplasia with Hydronephrosis and Congenital Ureteral Stricture in Two Holstein-Friesian Calves.

We investigated the pathological characteristics of renal dysplasia with hydronephrosis and congenital ureteral stricture in two calves. Macroscopically, the affected kidneys were enlarged and the renal calyces were dilated and associated with ureteral strictures. Histopathologically, multifocal regions of mesenchyme were observed in the renal medulla. This mesenchyme was weakly eosinophilic with haematoxylin and eosin, blue with Alcian blue and pale blue with Masson's trichrome, and was immunopositive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin, consistent with persistent mesenchyme. There was asynchronous differentiation of the renal cortex characterized by immature glomeruli, immature tubules and arteriolar proliferation. Similar persistent mesenchyme was observed in the ureteral walls with ureteral stricture, and the ureteral musculature or smooth muscle bundles had a disorganized arrangement. Congenital ureteral stricture appeared to have caused ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis. The lesions may represent a new phenotype of renal dysplasia with concomitant congenital ureteral stricture in Holstein-Friesian calves.

Bilateral hydronephrosis secondary to endometriosis managed by endoscopic ureteral stent placement in a captive Guinea baboon (Papio papio).

Spontaneous endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent, progressive and painful disease that affects a variety of nonhuman primates, including several species of baboons (Papio sp.). This case documents multimodal management of severe endometriosis in a captive female baboon within a zoological institution. An 18-yr-old, intact female Guinea baboon (Papio papio) was found to have an enlarged uterus. Fifteen months post ovariohysterctomy, scarring associated with endometrial tissue resulted in ureteral strictures, bilateral hydronephrosis, and azotemia. Cystoscopic placement of bilateral ureteral stents with fluoroscopy was performed and resulted in short-term clinical improvement. The animal's condition declined and euthanasia was elected 4 mo after ureteral stent placement. Severe endometriosis with secondary inflammation resulting in bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis, as well as concurrent cystitis, ureteritis, and pyelonephritis were confirmed at necropsy. Despite possible complications, ureteral stents can be considered a useful therapeutic option in patients with ureteral disease.