Prediction of cervical cancer screening: application of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

INTRODUCTION: Screening is an effective method for preventing cervical cancer. The present study aimed to determine the predictability of cervical cancer screening using the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model, as this model can help understand the factors that influence health-related behaviors. METHOD: The present cross-sectional study examined 310 women aged 20 to 60 in Isfahan, Iran, between 2020 and 2021. To this end, comprehensive health centers and gynecology clinics of hospitals were randomly selected by lot. Women who met the study's inclusion criteria were selected via convenience sampling. An IMB skills questionnaire developed by researchers comprised the data collection tool. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software, descriptive and regression tests, and AMOS 24.0 software. FINDINGS: Approximately 18.1% of the participants had never undergone routine cervical cancer screening. The regression model results indicated that the model components accurately predicted regular cervical cancer screening (P < 0.00). Path analysis revealed that information (ß = 0.05, P = 0.002), motivation (ß = 0.187, P = 0.026), and behavioral skills (ß = 0.95, P < 0.001) were directly associated with regular cervical cancer screening. Furthermore, behavioral skills had the greatest direct effect on regular cervical cancer screening. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the IMB model accurately predicted cervical cancer screening. Therefore, it is possible to improve cervical cancer screening in women by designing and implementing interventions based on this model's components, particularly those that improve behavioral skills.

Using the information-motivation-behavioral skills model for targeting older adults' climate change management practices: in the road of COP27.

BACKGROUND: Climate change is a rapidly evolving public health problem warranting global attention in the 21st century. The World Health Organization declared that climate illiteracy is highly prevalent among older adults, especially in lower- and middle-income nations. AIM: To determine the effect of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model-based intervention for climate change management practices among older adults. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental employed a pre-posttest, two-group research design. PARTICIPANTS: The studied sample comprised 80 older adults (aged 60 years and above), assigned to study and control groups (n = 40 each) after completing a baseline survey of six validated measures. RESULTS: The study group of proposed intervention based on IMB model demonstrated significant improvement in the mean scores of information (98.62 ± 3.56), motivation (90.14 ± 3.02), actual skills (84.13 ± 8.76), and practices (85.80 ± 3.94), p = 0.001. CONCLUSION: The intervention based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model has demonstrated credible feasibility in significantly improving the climate change-related information, motivation, skills, and management practices of older adults immediately after the posttest. It should be emphasized that this improvement showed a significant decline at the six-week mark; albeit the study participants' scores remained significantly higher than their pre-test values, there is clearly a need for reinforcement to maintain positive outcomes over the long term. The existing outcomes call for replication of this intervention in other cohorts, such as uneducated older adults and those residing in assisted-living facilities.

Improving bleeding disorder treatment log adherence: An application of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

INTRODUCTION: For people with severe bleeding disorders (PwBD) who are prescribed home treatment, treatment logs are an important part of the management of their care. Treatment logs provide a clinical picture of the home treatment regimen and can serve as a communication tool between the medical team and the person with a bleeding disorder. Most importantly, treatment logs allow for the adjustment of the treatment dose and frequency to prevent bleeding episodes. Yet, a large number of PwBD do not complete treatment logs. AIMS: We aimed to develop and implement interventions to increase adherence rates of treatment log completion in PwBD on a home treatment regimen by at least 20% over 2 years. METHODS: We conducted a quality improvement initiative from 2019-2022 involving developing and implementing interventions that were guided by the application of the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills Model. Examples of interventions included: the development of educational materials on the different methods of log completion and interactive discussions that involved a patient-driven decision of selecting a treatment log method. Data on the implementation of the theoretically-based interventions as well as outcome data on the success of treatment log completion was reviewed monthly. RESULTS: Following the application of the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills Model on the designed and implemented interventions, there was a 20% increase in individuals' adherence with treatment logs completion (N = 68). CONCLUSION: Treatment logs are an important piece of a PwBDs' prescribed home treatment regimen. Quality improvement interventions promoted increased treatment log adherence for PwBDs'prescribed prophylactic home treatment.

Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills Model in Youth Newly Starting Antiretroviral Treatment.

An understanding of adherence among youth newly starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical but understudied. The information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model is often used to understand health behaviors, but has rarely been studied in youth with HIV. In a multi-site sample of 153 youth newly starting ART, structural equation modeling was utilized to test this model. The model was generally supported with information and behavioral skills directly related to the decision to adhere, while motivation was indirectly related through behavioral skills. Results suggest that interventions focusing on improving IMB constructs for medication adherence are important for preventing non-adherence in youth newly starting ART.

RESUMEN: El entendimiento de la adherencia en jóvenes que recién comienzan ART es fundamental, pero se ha estudiado poco. El modelo de información-motivación-habilidades conductuales (IMB, por sus siglas en inglés) se usa a menudo para comprender los comportamientos de salud, pero rara vez se ha estudiado en jóvenes que viven con el VIH. En una muestra de múltiples sitios de 153 jóvenes que recién comenzaban ART, se utilizó el análisis de ecuaciones estructurales para probar este modelo. En general, el modelo fue apoyado con información y habilidades conductuales directamente relacionadas con la decisión de adherirse, mientras que la motivación se relacionó indirectamente a través de las habilidades conductuales. Los resultados sugieren que las intervenciones que se enfocan en mejorar los aspectos del modelo IMB para la adherencia al medicamento son importantes para prevenir la falta de adherencia en los jóvenes que recién comienzan ART.

Empirical validation of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model of gestational weight management behavior: a framework for intervention.

BACKGROUND: Unhealthy gestational weight gain is a modifiable risk factor for adverse maternal and child health. Appropriate and effective intervention strategies that focus on behavioral change or maintenance are critical in weight management during pregnancy. Our aim was to uncover the influencing factors and psychosocial mechanisms of gestational weight control behavior, and to construct a behavioral model suitable for intervention based on Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model. METHODS: A sample of 559 pregnant women from a municipal maternal and child healthcare facility in Jiangsu Province, China was enrolled in this cross-sectional empirical study. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to verify the hypothesized model, and post hoc analyses was used to test the effect of parity and pre-pregnancy BMI on the model. RESULTS: The IMB model elements can predict gestational weight management (GWM) behavior well, with information being the most influential factor. As predicted, information affects GWM directly (ß = 0.325, p < 0.05) and indirectly (ß = 0.054, p < 0.05) through behavioral skills. Likewise, motivation has direct (ß = 0.461, p < 0.05) effects on GWM, and has indirect (ß = 0.071, p < 0.05) effects through behavioral skills. Behavioral skills have a direct impact (ß = 0.154, p < 0.05). The model had a goodness of fit (GOF = 0.421) and was robust when tested in subgroups of different parity or pre-pregnancy BMI. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study supported the predictions of the IMB model for GWM behavior, and identified its modifiable determinants. The tested behavior model for GWM can serve as a new validated intervention strategy in weight management among pregnant women.

Predictive Model of Self-management in Patients With Stroke Based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model.

BACKGROUND: Patients who had a stroke are required to manage risk factors, and self-management for risk factor control in stroke is essential. Recent studies using the information-motivation-behavioral skills model reported that the model is effective for predicting and explaining self-management behavior in chronically ill patients. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and verify the predictive model of self-management based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model in patients with stroke. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study; path analysis was conducted to develop and verify the hypothesized predictive model. We recruited 242 patients who had a stroke using convenience sampling from the neurological outpatient clinic. RESULTS: The model's fit indices were adequate. Stroke self-management knowledge, social support, and self-efficacy had a direct effect on stroke self-management, and stroke self-management knowledge and attitude and social support had an indirect effect on stroke self-management, mediated by self-efficacy. Stroke self-management knowledge and attitude, social support, and self-efficacy explained 27.5% of the total variance in stroke self-management. CONCLUSIONS: The information-motivation-behavioral skills model is potentially a predictive model for self-management for patients who had a stroke. Considering the level of stroke knowledge and attitude, social support, and self-efficacy together may help to understand the required level of self-management. In addition, using this model for the development of self-management interventions for patients who had a stroke could be a strategy for improving self-management in patients with stroke.

Promoting foot self-care in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving hemodialysis based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

This study develops and verifies the use of the foot self-care behavioral model in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving hemodialysis (HD) based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model. Data were collected between June and August 2021 from 156 outpatients with type 2 diabetes who were receiving regular HD. A structured questionnaire and electronic medical records were used to collect demographic and disease-related data along with Foot Care Knowledge Questionnaires, third version of Diabetes Attitude Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Foot Care Confidence Scale, and Foot Self-care Behavior Scale. Age, diabetic foot care knowledge, social support, and foot care self-efficacy had a direct effect on foot self-care behavior. Foot care self-efficacy had a mediating effect on foot care knowledge, diabetes-related attitudes, social support, and foot self-care behavior. The information-motivation-behavioral skills model was suitable as a foot self-care behavioral model for patients with T2DM receiving HD. Additionally, these findings suggest that it is crucial to improve foot self-care behavior through increased foot care knowledge, diabetes-related attitudes, and social support, which could contribute to enhancing foot care self-efficacy.

Effects of mHealth Practice Patterns on Improving Metabolic Syndrome Using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model.

Chronic diseases contribute to 68% of global mortality, highlighting the importance of early detection and management of conditions such as metabolic syndrome. Effective lifestyle interventions, particularly through mobile health (mHealth), have shown potential in promoting health and reducing cardiometabolic risk. This study utilized mHealth data from public health centers in South Korea, targeting adults with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. The Intervention-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) theoretical model was applied to categorize participants' practice patterns over time using the Group-Based Trend Model (GBTM). And the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) methodology was applied to confirm the effective practice patterns for improving metabolic syndrome. Data were collected over 24 weeks. The dataset encompasses life-log data capable of capturing changes in intervention, self-report surveys, and clinical measurements, all linked to personal identification keys and thereby integrated. Participants demonstrated improved health behaviors, with the healthy eating score increasing from 5.0 to 6.4 and physical activity rates rising from 41.5% to 59%. Health risk factors decreased significantly, with the mean number of risk factors dropping from 2.4 to 1.4. The percentage of subjects with three or more metabolic syndrome components decreased from 42.3% in the initial period to 19.2% in the final period. Practice patterns by IMB components were classified into three categories: continuous type, late decline type, and early decline type. Improvements in health behavior and metabolic syndrome were observed in the continuous type of each IMB component. The mHealth interventions were confirmed to be positively associated with improved health behavior and management of metabolic syndrome in the continuous practice patterns of IMB.

Using an extended information-motivation-behavioral skills model to explain HPV vaccination intention among men who have sex with men only and men who have sex with men and women.

Men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) have been reported to differ in psychosocial and sexual behavior patterns from men who have sex with men only (MSMO). However, results regarding the differences in HPV vaccination intention/behavior were inconclusive. We compared HPV vaccination intention between MSMO and MSMW and analyzed the differences in potentially associated factors in China. MSM participants were recruited online using a snowball sampling method. Cross-sectional data were collected via a questionnaire based on the extended information-motivation-behavioral skills model. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the relationship between the variables, followed by multi-group analysis to test differences between groups. Of 914 MSM, 77.68% were MSMO and 22.32% were MSMW. MSMW had a higher rate of reluctance to vaccinate than MSMO (23.53% vs. 16.20%, p = .016). Differences between the two groups were statistically significant in risky sexual behavior, behavioral skills, and promotional attitude. In both groups, promotional attitude was the most significant predictor of vaccination intention. Vaccination intention was directly influenced by motivation and indirectly by risky sexual behavior in MSMO, but not significantly in MSMW. Additionally, the direct effect of information on behavioral skills in MSMW was significantly greater than that in MSMO, but we did not find any effect of behavioral skills on vaccination intention. MSMW had lower vaccination intention than MSMO. MSMO may be influenced by risky sexual behavior and motivation, positively impacting their vaccination intention, unlike MSMW. Targeted strategies could help promote HPV vaccination, especially in MSMW.

Development and validation of the information-motivation-behavioural skills model-based human immunodeficiency virus education kit for adolescents in Malaysia.

The growing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) incidences and insufficient HIV knowledge among Malaysian late adolescents necessitate immediate attention to HIV prevention via education. This study aims to develop and validate an Information-Motivation-Behavioural skills (IMB) model-based education kit for adolescents, PREM-Kit, to educate on HIV prevention among Malaysian late adolescents. Utilizing the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model, we conducted the study in three phases: needs assessment, development of PREM-Kit, and validation of PREM-Kit by applying the IMB model to map the PREM-Kit's contents. PREM-Kit, developed in Malay language, consisted of an infographic flip chart and videos. Five multi-disciplinary experts validated the PREM-Kit using the content validity index (CVI), and 13 end-users validated the PREM-Kit using the Malay version of the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable and Audiovisual Materials. The infographic flip chart comprised three modules covering 15 topics, and an animated video accompanied each module. PREM-Kit achieved CVI scores of 1.0 and median scores of over 80% for understandability and actionability. Overall, the newly developed IMB model-based HIV education kit has good content validity, is simple to comprehend and apply, and is ready for testing its effectiveness in improving adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices for HIV prevention.

Factors influencing self-management behavior during the "Blanking Period" in patients with atrial fibrillation: A cross-sectional study based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is becoming increasingly common. Effective self-management during the "Blanking Period" is critical. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model can be used to study health behaviors in chronic disease patients, but it has not been studied in AF patients. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to explore the influencing factors and interaction pathways of self-management behavior in AF patients during the "Blanking Period" using the IMB model. METHODS: From June to December 2021, a cross-sectional design was conducted. Patients with AF during the "Blanking Period" (N=220) were recruited. They filled out several quantitative questionnaires, including the Jessa Atrial Fibrillation Knowledge Questionnaire, the Confidence in Atrial Fibrillation Management Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale, and the Self-care Scale for Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis. RESULTS: Total score of self-management behavior was (33.83 ± 10.66). AF knowledge (ß = 0.252, P < 0.001), self-management confidence (ß = 0.219, P < 0.001), social support (ß = 0.291, P < 0.001), and health literacy (ß = 0.262, P < 0.001) were all positively correlated with patients' self-management behavior, accounting for 66.50 percent of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: During the "Blanking Period", the IMB model can be used to predict the factors that influence self-management behavior in AF patients. By using IMB model, interventions targeting patient-specific influencing factors could improve self-management behavior and quality of life in AF patients.

Study on the effect of intervention on postpartum psychological improvement and body recovery of caesarean section women based on information-motivation-behavioural skills model.

AIM: To explore the effect of information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) model on psychological and emotional state of caesarean section (CS) women. DESIGN: Control-group patients got routine nursing during the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative periods. Observation-group patients received routine nursing combined with the IMB model that included specific informational, motivational and behavioural interventions. METHODS: Pregnant women (n = 102) who underwent CS in Hangzhou Women's Hospital were randomly divided into Control and Observation-groups (n = 51 each). Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and general self-efficacy scale (GSES) scores, complication rate, fatigue severity scale (FSS) and Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS) scores were compared. RESULT: Interventions lowered SAS and SDS scores, significantly lower in the Observation-group (p < 0.05), and increased GSES scores, significantly higher in the Observation-group (p < 0.05). Observation-group had less complications (4.08% vs. 17.39% in the Control-group; p < 0.05), and decreased FSS and EPDS scores (p < 0.05).

The Effectiveness of Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model on Self-Care Practices in Early Pregnancy to Prevent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic dysfunction in pregnancy and as overweight and obesity are of the major risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Information-Motivation and Behavioral skills (IMB) model-based counseling on preventing GDM in overweight and obese pregnant women. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial study was conducted on 137 pregnant women in two groups; education and counseling IMB model-based for four sessions (n = 70), and antenatal usual care (AUC) (n = 67). This study was conducted on overweight and obese pregnant women, at the 12 to 16 weeks' gestation and recruited from the Prenatal Clinic of Rohani Hospital in north of Iran. Blood glucose was measured before and 8 weeks after the intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, frequency, t-test, chi-square and ANCOVA were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of GDM was lower in the intervention group than the control group (10% and 29.9%, respectively, RR = 0.33, CI 95% (0.15- 0.74) p = .004) as well as mean fasting blood glucose (Cohen's d = 0.28, p = .07), and glucose tolerance test at the first and second hour (d = 0.41 and Cohen's d = 0.73, respectively, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: A lifestyle intervention in early pregnancy by IMB counseling in overweight and obese pregnant women can be effective in decrease GDM.

Predictors of cancer screening behavior of the working population in China based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

Background: The cancer screening rate in the working population is very low in China. Information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model has been applied to elucidate screening behavior for various chronic diseases but has not been investigated in analyzing cancer screening behavior. This study aimed to examine factors influencing cancer screening behavior and their linkages based on the IMB model. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China from August to October 2021. Data were obtained through an anonymous questionnaire. Predictive relationships between variables in the IMB model and cancer screening behavior were evaluated. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was constructed to demonstrate the utility of the IMB model. Results: Among the 556 participants included in the analysis, 34.4% of participants had ever done a cancer screening. The construct validation analysis supported that the measure items included were acceptable. SEM found that knowledge of cancer warning signs and symptoms (ß = 0.563, p < 0.001) and cancer screening behavioral skills (ß = 0.264, p = 0.003) were related to participation in cancer screening, whereas cancer screening motivation was not directly influenced the participation in cancer screening (ß = - 0.075, p = 0.372). Conclusion: The cancer screening rate was found to be lower than expected in the working population. The IMB model could be used to make decisions in implementing behavioral interventions to participate in cancer screening among the Chinese working population. Enhancing the knowledge of cancer warning signs and symptoms and strengthening behavioral skills should be focused on to improve participation in cancer screening.

Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model Supplemented With the Moderated-Mediation Path: A Framework for Interpreting Patients' Online Medical Services Utilization.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the internal determinants affecting patients' utilization of online medical services (OMS) based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model from a behavioral perspective. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: This study was conducted in three medical institutions in Jiangsu Province, China. SUBJECTS: 470 internet users were enrolled from patients who came to the outpatient clinics. MEASURES: A self-administered questionnaire with feasible reliability and validity was used to investigate the demographic characteristics and OMS utilization-related information, motivation, behavioral skills, intention, and behavior. ANALYSIS: According to the constructed framework, structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between those factors and OMS utilization behaviors. RESULTS: All direct paths are established except the path between information and intention. Information and motivation positively affected OMS utilization behavior through behavioral skills and intention (P < .001). Motivation and behavioral skills could positively influence OMS utilization behavior through intention (P < .01). Motivation was found to be the largest predictor of OMS utilization behavior. Moreover, gender played a moderating role in the interpretation of the behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions should be conducted regarding information, motivation, and behavioral skills to promote patients' use of OMS. At the same time, the impact of gender on intervention effectiveness should also be considered.

Validation and adaption of an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of medication adherence in older patients with multimorbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To test and adapt the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model in explaining medication adherence for older patients with multimorbidity. METHODS: Older patients with at least three chronic conditions (N = 254) were recruited from community health centers in Changsha, China. All participants completed a self-administrated questionnaire assessing adherence information, personal motivation, social motivation, behavioral skills, medication adherence, depressive symptoms, medication treatment satisfaction, treatment burden, and disease burden. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized models and relationships between variables. RESULTS: The final extended IMB model could explain 52.0% of the variance in adherence. Personal motivation (ß = 0.29, p < 0.001), behavioral skills (ß = 0.36, p < 0.001), and medication treatment satisfaction (ß = 0.23, p = 0.001) had a positive direct effect on adherence. Information, social motivation, personal motivation, medication treatment satisfaction, and treatment burden could also affect adherence indirectly through multiple pathways. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that an extended IMB model could be used to conceptualize determinants of medication adherence among older patients with multimorbidity. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Adherence improvement programs might be more effective if targeting psychosocial factors, including adherence information, motivation, behavioral skills, treatment burden, and medication treatment satisfaction.

COVID-19 Knowledge and Prevention Behaviors in Rural Zambia: A Qualitative Application of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model.

In early 2020, the Zambian Ministry of Health instituted prevention guidelines to limit spread of COVID-19. We assessed community knowledge, motivations, behavioral skills, and perceived community adherence to prevention behaviors (i.e., hand hygiene, mask wearing, social distancing, and limiting gatherings). Within a cluster-randomized controlled trial in four rural districts, in November 2020 and May 2021, we conducted in-depth interviews with health center staff (N = 19) and community-based volunteers (N = 34) and focus group discussions with community members (N = 281). A content analysis was conducted in Nvivo v12. Data were interpreted using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model. Generally, respondents showed good knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, spread, and high-risk activities, with some gaps. Prevention behavior performance was driven by personal and social factors. Respondents described institutional settings (e.g., clinics and church) having higher levels of perceived adherence due to stronger enforcement measures and clear leadership. Conversely, informal community settings (e.g., weddings, funerals, football matches) lacked similar social and leadership expectations for adherence and had lower perceived levels of adherence. These settings often involved higher emotions (excitement or grief), and many involved alcohol use, resulting in community members "forgetting" guidelines. Doubt about disease existence or need for precautions persisted among some community members and drove non-adherence more generally. Although COVID-19 information successfully penetrated these very remote rural communities, more targeted messaging may address persistent COVID-19 doubt and misinformation. Engaging local leaders in religious, civic, and traditional leadership positions could improve community behaviors without adding additional monitoring duties on an already overburdened, resource-limited health system.

Factors influencing Chinese female college students' willingness to receive human papillomavirus vaccine: A cross-sectional study based on information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

China bears heavy disease burden of cervical cancer, but the willingness to receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is low. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the willingness of Chinese female college students to receive HPV vaccine based on the information-motivation-behavior skills (IMB) model. A cross­sectional study was carried out in Henan University of Engineering in February 2020. Demographic characteristics and IMB model variables were collected using an anonymous questionnaire. A structural equation model was constructed to assess influencing factors of HPV vaccination willingness in the IMB model variables using AMOS 24.0. A total of 449 participants completed the survey. Among them, 23.4% were willing to get the HPV vaccine in the next 6 months. The average scores of knowledge, motivation, and behavioral skills were 1.72 ± 1.07, 11.69 ± 1.71, and 10.14 ± 1.86, respectively. The final revised model indicated a good fit to the data (χ2/df = 1.684, goodness of fit index = 0.984, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.959, root mean square error of approximation = 0.044). The results of the model showed that the behavioral skills (ß = 0.318, P < .001) were positively related to the willingness of HPV vaccination uptake among female students. Moreover, motivation (ß = 0.475, P < .001) positively affected students' behavioral skills toward HPV vaccination, which further influenced their willingness of HPV vaccination uptake. HPV-preventive interventions for female students should focus on enhancing motivation and strengthening behavioral skills to increase the willingness to receive HPV vaccine and reduce HPV infection.

Comparison Between the Effect of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) Model and Psychoeducational Counseling on Sexual Satisfaction and Contraception Method Used Under the Coercion of the Spouse in Iranian Women: A Randomized, Clinical Trial / Comparação entre o efeito do modelo Informação-Motivação-Comportamental (IMB) e o aconselhamento psicoeducacional sobre a satisfação sexual e o método contraceptivo usado sob coerção do cônjuge em mulheres iranianas: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract Objective Women play an essential role in maintaining the family's health, and family planning is part of women's and families' health. The couple's mutual understanding of family planning methods is essential in selecting contraception. Acceptance of and satisfaction with different contraception methods can impact sexual satisfaction. The present study aimed to compare the effect of the information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) model and psychoeducational counseling on sexual satisfaction and contraception methods of women referring to health centers in Kerman. Methods This trial was conducted on 81 women aged 18 to 45, in Kerman health centers, from 2021 to 2022. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups of 27 people (control, psychoeducational counseling, and IMB method). Three online counseling sessions were held for the psychoeducational group, and four were held for the IMB group. The control group received routine care. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis using nonparametric Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results The mean age of participants was 32.59 ± 7.04, and the majority of them had university degrees and were homemakers. The mean sexual satisfaction score significantly increased immediately after the intervention and 1 month later in the 2 interventional groups (p< 0.0). Changes in contraception methods after intervention were significant in the psychoeducational group (p= 0.0) Conclusion The results indicate the positive impact of psychological counseling on women's sexual satisfaction and contraception method. The IMB method also impacted men's sexual satisfaction but did not lead to any changes in the contraceptive method.

Resumo Objetivo A mulher desempenha um papel essencial na manutenção da saúde da família, e o planejamento familiar faz parte da saúde da mulher e da família. A compreensão mútua do casal sobre os métodos de planejamento familiar é essencial na seleção da contracepção. A aceitação e a satisfação com os diferentes métodos contraceptivos podem afetar a satisfação sexual. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o efeito do modelo informação-motivação-comportamental (IMB) e aconselhamento psicoeducacional sobre a satisfação sexual e métodos contraceptivos de mulheres encaminhadas para centros de saúde em Kerman. Métodos Este estudo foi realizado em 81 mulheres de 18 a 45 anos, nos centros de saúde de Kerman, de 2021 a 2022. As participantes foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de 27 pessoas (controle, aconselhamento psicoeducacional e método IMB). Foram realizadas três sessões de aconselhamento online para o grupo psicoeducativo e quatro para o grupo IMB. O grupo de controle recebeu cuidados de rotina. OIBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versão 22 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, EUA) foi utilizado para a análise dos dados por meio dos testes não paramétricos de Friedman e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados A média de idade das participantes foi de 32,59 ± 7,04, sendo que a maioria delas possuía nível superior e eram donas de casa. A pontuação média de satisfação sexual aumentou significativamente imediatamente após a intervenção e 1 mês depois nos 2 grupos de intervenção (p <0,0). As mudanças nos métodos contraceptivos após a intervenção foram significativas no grupo psicoeducativo (p = 0,0) Conclusão Os resultados indicam o impacto positivo do acompanhamento psicológico na satisfação sexual das mulheres e no método contraceptivo. O método IMB também impactou a satisfação sexual dos homens, mas não levou a nenhuma mudança no método contraceptivo.

Um conhecimento encarnado e o ensino da psicologia social / An incarnate knowledge and social psychology teaching / Un conocimiento encarnado y la enseñanza de la psicología social

Este artigo tem como objetivo trabalhar com a concepção de "conhecimento encarnado" defendida por Ignácio Martín-Baró, estabelecendo relações entre este conceito e o campo da Psicologia Social. Num primeiro momento, fazemos uma pequena contextualização dos efeitos de uma greve universitária que durou quatro meses, considerando que os principais efeitos que devemos debater são aqueles que estão relacionados às experimentações do espaço educacional, assim como às ressonâncias das narrativas externas ao mundo universitário. Em seguida, mesclamos experiências do cotidiano da universidade com narrativas de diferentes atores sociais sobre a greve e a própria formação, a fim de desenvolver uma teoria analítica das práticas educacionais em Psicologia Social a partir de um diálogo com Ignácio Martín-Baró. Destacamos as três perguntas apresentadas pelo autor para problematizar a história da Psicologia Social: o que nos mantém unidos numa ordem social? O que nos integra à ordem estabelecida? O que nos libera da desordem estabelecida? Entre os diferentes conceitos criados pelo autor, privilegiamos a ideia de conhecimento encarnado, realidade vivida, realidade estudada e ação ideológica.(AU)

This article aims to work with the conception of "incarnate knowledge" defended by Ignácio Martin-Baró establishing relationships between this concept and the field of Social Psychology. At first, we briefly contextualize the effects of a strike in the university environment that lasted four months, considering that the main effects that we should debate are those related to experimentations of the educational space and the resonances of the external narratives in the university world. Then, we blended experiences of the university's quotidian with narratives of different social actors about the strike and the training itself to develop an analytic theory of the educational practices in Social Psychology from a dialog with Ignácio Martin-Baró. We highlight three questions presented by the author to challenge the history of Social Psychology: what holds us together in a social order? What integrates us into the established order? What frees us from the established disorder? Among the different concepts created by the author, we privileged the idea of incarnate knowledge, lived reality, studied reality, and ideological action.(AU)

Este artículo pretende trabajar con la concepción de conocimiento defendida por Ignácio Martín-Baró, estableciendo relaciones entre este conocimiento y el campo de la psicología social. En un primer momento, hacemos una pequeña contextualización de los efectos de una huelga universitaria, que tuvo una duración de cuatro meses, considerando que los principales efectos los cuales debemos debatir son aquellos que están relacionados con las experimentaciones del espacio educacional, así como las resonancias de las narrativas externas al mundo universitario. A continuación, mezclamos experiencias de un cotidiano de la universidad con narrativas de diferentes actores sociales sobre la huelga y la propia formación, con la finalidad de desarrollar una teoría analítica de las prácticas educacionales en la psicología social a partir de un diálogo con Ignácio Martin-Baró. Destacamos las tres preguntas presentadas por el autor para problematizar la historia de la psicología social: ¿Qué nos mantiene unidos en el orden social establecido? ¿Qué nos integra al orden establecido? ¿Qué nos libera del desorden establecido? Entre los diferentes conceptos creados por el autor, privilegiamos la idea de un conocimiento encarnado, realidad vivida, realidad estudiada y acción ideológica.(AU)