Malaria care-seeking and treatment ideation among gold miners in Guyana.

BACKGROUND: Although miners are a priority population in malaria elimination in Guyana, scant literature exists on the drivers of malaria-related behaviour. This study explores the relationship between gold miners' malaria-related ideation and the adoption of malaria care-seeking and treatment behaviours including prompt care-seeking, malaria testing, and self-medication. METHODS: Data are from a cross-sectional quantitative survey of 1685 adult miners between the ages of 18-59 years who live in mining camps in Regions 1, 7, and 8. The analysis focused on miners who reported an episode of fever in the past year (n = 745). Malaria care-seeking and treatment ideation was defined as a composite additive score consisting of the following variables: general malaria knowledge, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, beliefs, perceived self-efficacy, perceived norms, interpersonal communication, and perceived response efficacy. Multivariable logistic regressions explored the relationship between ideation on care-seeking/treatment behaviours, controlling for confounding variables. RESULTS: Most miners with a recent episode of fever had perceived risk (92%), self-efficacy (67%), susceptibility (53%) and high malaria knowledge (53%). Overall, miners' care-seeking/treatment ideation score ranged from 0 to 8 with a mean of 4.1. Ideation scores were associated with higher odds of care-seeking for fever (aOR: 1.19; 95% CI 1.04-1.36), getting tested for malaria (aOR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.07-1.38) and lower odds of self-medication (aOR: 0.87; 95% CI 0.77-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: A national community case management initiative is using study findings as part of its scale-up, using volunteers to make testing and treatment services more accessible to miners. This is complemented by a multi-channel mass media campaign to improve miners' ideation. Communication messages focus on increasing miners' knowledge of malaria transmission and symptoms, encourage positive beliefs about malaria testing and volunteer testers, promote evidence about the effectiveness of testing, and reminders of how quick and easy it is to get a malaria test with the community case management initiative. Study findings also have implications for efforts to eliminate malaria across the Guiana Shield.

Perceptions about malaria among Brazilian gold miners in an Amazonian border area: perspectives for malaria elimination strategies.

BACKGROUND: Mining in the Amazon exposes gold miners to various diseases, including malaria, whose control is still a major challenge. The environment of the mines contributes to the proliferation of vector mosquitoes and the precarious housing conditions facilitate transmission of the disease. Understanding gold miners' perceptions is essential for the formulation of strategies to fight malaria. A qualitative study was carried out in the municipality of Calçoene, state of Amapá, Brazilian Amazon adjointining the municipality of Oiapoque, that is in the border area with French Guiana and Suriname. METHODS: A semi-structured interview was applied to an intentional sample of 29 miners, a number determined by the theoretical saturation criterion. Thematic analysis was adopted to obtain the results and the Cohen's Kappa index was calculated to verify the agreement between observers during coding. RESULTS: The agreement between observers was verified by a Cohen's Kappa index of 0.82. Analysis of the interviews showed that gold miners were subjected to prejudice from the community due to forest diseases that they can transmit, and their activities are often associated with crime. When the miners return to their hometown after a period of mining, the urban population blames them for the onset of diseases such as malaria. Most participants in the survey did not know how malaria transmission occurs, and associated its occurrence with contaminated water and food. Participants reported not being afraid of the disease, trusting the diagnosis and available treatment, though this depends on where they are treated. The use of therapeutic resources, such as medicinal plants and medicines acquired in the illegal market, is very common in this population. Despite the challenges identified by the research subjects, they believe that the disease can be controlled, or the cases reduced, but there was low acceptability for a possible mass drug administration (MDA) intervention. CONCLUSION: Despite a recent reduction in malaria prevalence in Brazil, there are still vulnerable populations, such as gold miners, who help to perpetuate the existence of the disease in the Amazon. The lack of knowledge regarding how the transmission of malaria occurs, associated with myths regarding this and the use of traditional health practices and illegal drugs for the treatment of the disease without a specific diagnosis, jeopardizes the country's efforts to eliminate malaria. It is necessary to implement control programmes in these populations, especially those who frequently travel around the border region and to remote locations, which are difficult regions for health teams to access, thus hindering diagnostic and treatment actions. For this reason, understanding the perceptions of these individuals as well as their customs, beliefs and lifestyle, can assist in the production of targeted educational material and adoption of strategies in the elimination of malaria in the country.

Human-centered design process and solutions to promote malaria testing and treatment seeking behavior in Guyana hinterlands.

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a persistent public health challenge among miners and other hard-to-reach populations in Guyana's hinterland, specifically in Regions 1, 7, 8, and 9. Despite an overall decrease in malaria prevalence throughout Guyana, it remains common among mining populations whose work conditions both contribute toward malaria transmission and make it difficult to seek timely, Ministry of Health (MoH) approved malaria testing and treatment services. In an effort to develop innovative approaches to address this public health challenge, an interdisciplinary team of public health professionals, designers, and mining organizations collaborated using a human-centered design (HCD) process facilitated by the USAID-funded Breakthrough ACTION Guyana project in partnership with the MoH. METHODS: This paper describes two phases: [1] Define and [2] Design & Test. In the Define phase, following a literature review, we conducted 108 qualitative interviews with miners, camp managers, trained malaria testers, health workers, and other key stakeholders to understand experiences and challenges when seeking malaria testing and treatment services. These interviews were synthesized into 11 insights on issues such as risk perception, malaria knowledge, preventive behaviors, traditional and self-treatment, adherence to the correct treatment, testing, and coordination and communication gaps. From these insights, during the Design & Test phase, we developed 33 "How might we…?" questions which led to 792 ideas, of which eight emergent concepts were prototyped and refined in the field with 145 miners, camp managers, and stakeholders. RESULTS: The five final prototypes included: "Little Mosquito, Big Problem" social behavior change campaign; rapid counseling cards; branded malaria testing and treatment services; innovations in treatment adherence; and a participants, content, and logistics approach. CONCLUSION: When applying HCD to public health issues, there are both opportunities and challenges to reconcile gaps that may exist between the two disciplines. However, HCD provides additional tools and mindsets to generatively work with migrant and mobile mining communities to encourage malaria testing and treatment services.

Association of occupational burnout and occupational exposure factors on psychological health among factory workers and miners: a propensity score analysis.

PURPOSE: This study is to explore the association of occupational burnout and occupational exposure factors on psychological health among factory workers and miners. METHODS: A total of 6130 factories workers and miners in Urumqi, China were included using a cluster sampling method. The occupational burnout and psychological health were investigates using the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI) and the Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90). The propensity score analysis (PSA) was used to eliminate the influence of individual characteristics, and 2164 pairs of participants on psychological healthy and unhealthy were matched. After PSA, the relationship between occupational burnout, occupational hazard exposure, and psychological health was evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed that asbestos dust (OR 1.65, CI 95% 1.35-2.02) and CMBI (OR 2.59, CI 95% 2.39-2.83) were risk factors affecting psychological health (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Measures need to be taken to ease occupational burnout among factories workers and miners, and strengthen personal protection to improve their psychological health.

Predictors of health-related quality of life among semi-precious stone mineworkers exposed to silica dust.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to comparatively evaluate HRQOL in miners of semi-precious stones with and without silicosis, and determine the associated factors, as well as the performance of two different questionnaires in measuring HRQOL. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of 348 male miners (129 with silicosis) who underwent an interview and spirometry, HRQOL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). RESULTS: Miners with silicosis were older, had less schooling, worked more hours daily, and had longer exposure to silica. They also had worse scores of QoL in both questionnaires. Respiratory symptoms and %FEV1 were contributing factors for the models of total health and all the domains of the SGRQ, and 40% of the variability of the general health domain of WHOQOL-BREF was due to dyspnea, wheezing, %FEV1, and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Respiratory symptoms, lung function, pack-years of cigarette smoking, years of education, and average monthly income were contributing factors for the models of the different domains of the WHOQOL-BREF. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed impaired HRQOL in semi-precious stone miners evaluated using both questionnaire tools of SGRQ and WHOQOL-BREF, of which SGRQ had superior performance. Respiratory symptoms, functional impairment, and pack-years of cigarette smoking were the most important determinants of the workers' general HRQOL.

Digging for care-seeking behaviour among gold miners in the Guyana hinterland: a qualitative doer non-doer analysis of social and behavioural motivations for malaria testing and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Although Guyana has made significant progress toward malaria control, limited access to malaria testing and treatment services threatens those gains. Mining activities create breeding environments for mosquitoes, and the migrant and mobile mining populations are hard to reach with information and services. The Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) has trained volunteers to test and treat malaria cases in remote regions. However, it remains unclear how miners perceive these testers, the services they provide, or what their malaria care-seeking behaviour is in general. To better address these challenges, Breakthrough ACTION Guyana and MoPH conducted qualitative research from October to November 2018 in Regions 7 and 8 in Guyana. METHODS: A total of 109 individuals, 70 miners, 17 other mining camp staff, and 22 other key stakeholders (e.g. community health workers, pharmacists, and regional leadership), participated in semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Results were derived using a framework analysis, with an adjusted doer and non-doer analysis, and organized using the integrated behaviour framework. RESULTS: Miners sought MoPH-approved services because of close geographic proximity to testing services, a preference for public service treatment, and a desire to correctly diagnose and cure malaria rather than just treat its symptoms. Those who chose to initiate self-treatment-using unregulated medications from the private and informal sector-did so out of convenience and the belief that self-treatment had worked before. Miners who completed the full MoPH-approved treatment understood the need to complete the treatment, while those who prematurely stopped treatment did so because of medication side effects and a desire to feel better as soon as possible. CONCLUSION: Reasons why miners do and do not pursue malaria testing and treatment services are diverse. These results can inform better MoPH programming and new solutions to improve malaria outcomes in Guyana.

The status of job burnout and its influence on the working ability of copper-nickel miners in Xinjiang, China.

BACKGROUND: Job burnout is increasingly common among occupational groups, and it is evolving into a new occupationally harmful phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of job burnout and its influence on the working ability of copper-nickel miners in Xinjiang, China, and to provide a theoretical basis for alleviating job burnout and improving the working ability of copper and nickel miners. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in June 2017 to September 2018 in Hami City, Xinjiang Autonomous Uygur Region, China. According to the main production process stratification of copper-nickel ore (mining unit, beneficiation unit, smelting unit), a self-administered questionnaire survey on the general situation of miners was conducted on the basis of the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory and Work Ability Index Questionnaire among 1400 miners registered in the human resources department of copper and nickel mines by stratified cluster sampling. RESULTS: There were 1014 miners with different degrees of burnout, accounting for 80.86% of the total: 432 people reported mild burnout (34.45%), 516 reported moderate burnout (41.15%), and 66 reported high burnout (5.26%). There were significant differences in the degree of burnout according to sex, age, education level, monthly income, and work unit (p < 0.05). The level of male burnout was higher than that of females. Miners aged 35-40 years, with a high-school education, a monthly income of less than 2500 yuan, and who belonged to the smelting unit had the highest job burnout.There were significant differences in working ability among miners with different burnout level (p < 0.01). Partial correlation analysis showed that work ability was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of achievement, and total burnout score (p < 0.001). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that the education level, professional title,work units and job burnout level had a pronounced impact on the working ability of miners (p < 0.001); The reduced level of education, primary title, smelting unit, and the increase in job burnout are risk factors for the reduction of working ability. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that job burnout is common among copper and nickel miners. Furthermore, working ability decreases with an increase in job burnout, and reducing job burnout can improve the working ability of copper and nickel miners.

Psychosocial safety climate and unsafe behavior among miners in China: the mediating role of work stress and job burnout.

Work stress among coal miners may affect health and well-being, which could have safety implications for their work. The purpose of the present study is to explore the mechanism of how psychosocial safety climate, work stress and job burnout impact on the unsafe behavior of miners. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shanxi Province, China during 3 months in 2018. A total of 862 male miners were recruited from 30 coal mines; participants were aged 23-49 years (M = 33.54 yrs), with mining experience of between 4 and 23 years (M = 7.36 yrs). Participants completed a cross-sectional survey which examined psychosocial safety climate, work stress, and burnout of miners. Structural equation modeling and hierarchical linear modeling were used to explore the mechanisms of psychosocial safety climate on unsafe behavior. Findings revealed that psychosocial safety climate can decrease the miners' unsafe behavior through the mediating role of work stress and job burnout. Ultimately these findings guide for coal administrators to avoid miners' unsafe behavior.

Associations between dietary patterns and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score levels among Chinese coal miners--a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Diet-related cardiovascular diseases have produced a large health burden in China. Coal miners are a high-risk population for cardiovascular disease, but there is little evidence concerning associations between coal miners' dietary patterns and their 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score levels. METHODS: The study included 2632 participants and focused on dietary patterns associated with higher 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score levels. A valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect data regarding dietary intake, and dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis combined with cluster analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between dietary patterns and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score levels. RESULTS: For ground workers, compared with the 'Healthy' pattern, the 'High-salt' and 'Refined grains' patterns were significantly associated with higher 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score level (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.02-2.21; OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.26-2.93) and 10-year ischemic cardiovascular disease risk score level (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.25-3.80; OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.48-4.72) adjusted for gender, and behavioural and socioeconomic factors. The 'High-fat and salt' pattern was significantly associated with higher 10-year ischemic cardiovascular disease risk score level (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.13-3.42). For underground workers, the 'High-salt' pattern was significantly associated with higher 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score level (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.16-2.36) and 10-year ischemic cardiovascular disease risk score level (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.09-2.84). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for dietary patterns associated with higher 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score levels in Chinese miners, and facilitates relevant departments in designing effective dietary guidelines to ameliorate dietary structures.

[Anxiety and depression status of coal miners and related influencing factors].

Objective: To analyze the anxiety and depression status of coal miners and related influencing factors, and to provide justifications for occupational health protection. Methods: From April 2017 to June 2017, a total of 650 coal miners in a mining area in Shanxi, China were enrolled; The coal miners were evaluated for their anxiety and depression status using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (14 items) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (17 items) , respectively. The related influencing factors for anxiety and depression of the coal miners were analyzed with nonparametric test, chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results: The incidence rates of anxiety and depression were 51.1% and 60.5%, respectively. As suggested by the scores and detection rates of anxiety and depression, males had significantly higher anxiety and depression scores than females (P<0.05) ; subjects in older-age groups and those working in shifts had significantly higher anxiety scores (P<0.05) ; subjects with higher education degrees and smokers had significantly higher depression scores (P<0.05) ; while subjects with longer length of service, those with poor sleep quality, and those working in the underground mines had both significantly higher anxiety and depression scores (P<0.05) . The detection rate of anxiety was significantly higher in subjects with a drinking habit than in those who did not drink (P<0.05) . The detection rate of depression was significantly higher in subjects with hypertension than in those with normal blood pressure (P<0.05) . A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that work type and length of service were related to anxiety; gender and length of service were related to depression; length of service was positively correlated with both anxiety and depression. Conclusion: The anxiety and depression in coal miners and related influencing factors should be taken seriously. Gender, age, length of service, working in shifts, education degree, smoking, sleep quality, underground working environment, and hypertension may be risk factors for anxiety and depression in coal miners.

[Prevalence of dyslipidemia and risk factors among coal miners under different work conditions].

Objective: To understand the prevalence of dyslipidemia and risk factors among coal miners under different work conditions. Methods: The survey was conducted from April 2016 to June 2016. 759 mine workers were divided into three groups (group of the front line miner, underground auxiliary and ground) . Questionnaire and physical examination were used to collect related information of workers. Logistic regression model was used to analyze relative factors. Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 43.2% in coal miners. The prevalence rate of the front line miner and underground auxiliary miners was 46.6%. Ground workers had the lowest prevalence rate of 36.4%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that higher body mass index (BMI) was risk factors for underground workers (OR=2.18, 95%CI:1.51~3.13) . Smoking (OR=1.99, 95%CI:1.17~3.38) , drinking (OR=1.85, 95%CI:1.11~3.06) , hypertension (OR=1.79, 95%CI:1.00~3.22) and higher waist and hip ratio (OR=1.06, 95%CI:1.04~1.09) were risk factors for underground auxiliary workers. For ground workers, those with higher BMI (OR=2.64, 95%CI:1.68~4.16) were at higher risk of dyslipidemia and female workers had lower risk (OR=0.35, 95%CI:0.18~0.65) than male workers. Conclusion: The dyslipidemia rate of coal mine workers is related to work environment and behavior. Health education may be needed to reduce the dyslipidemia rate of coal mine workers.

Moral Values Congruence and Miners' Policy Following Behavior: The Role of Supervisor Morality.

Ethical culture construction is beneficial to maximize policy following behavior (PFB) and avoid accidents of coal miners in an economic downturn. This paper examines the congruence between coal mine ethical culture values (ECVs) and miners' moral values (MVs) and the relationship with PFB. To shed light on this relationship, supervisor moral values (SMVs) act as a key moderator. We build on the initial structure of values to measure ECVs, MVs, and SMVs. At the same time, available congruence was defined to describe the relationship between the two values. Drawing upon a survey of 267 miners in Chinese large state-owned coal mining enterprises, results revealed that ECVs-MVs congruence had a linear relationship with intrinsic PFB (IPFB) and a non-linear relationship with extrinsic PFB. These findings demonstrate that SMVs had a moderating effect on the relationship between ECVs-MVs congruence and extrinsic PFB. Thus, we continued to calculate the available congruence scope in tested enterprises. Furthermore, this study gives relative management proposals and suggestions to improve miners' moral standards and to reduce coal mine accidents.

Exploring the determinants of health-promoting behaviors among miners: A text mining and meta-analysis.

The health-promoting behaviors of miners are of great significance to their physical and mental well-being. With a focus on enhancing their overall health, this study aimed to explore the determinants and influencing mechanisms of health-promoting behaviors in miners. Initially, the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model was utilized to extract topical keywords from literature over the last 23 years and to categorize the determinants based on integrating the health promotion model and the health belief model. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was performed based on 51 related empirical research to explore the mechanisms between determinants and health-promoting behaviors. The results indicated that (1) the factors influencing miners' health-promoting behaviors can be divided into four dimensions: physical environment, psychosocial environment, individual characteristics, and health beliefs. (2) Noise was negatively related to health-promoting behaviors, while protective equipment, health culture, interpersonal relationships, health literacy, health attitudes, and income were positively related to health-promoting behaviors. (3) Protective equipment and health literacy were positively related to perceived threat, whereas interpersonal relationships were positively related to perceived benefits. This study sheds light on the mechanisms influencing miners' health-promoting behaviors and could inform behavioral interventions in occupational health.

Impact of job embeddedness on miners' safety performance: the role of perceived insider status and safety climate.

The present study aims to explore the mechanism for the impact of job embeddedness on safety performance, the mediating role of perceived insider status and the cross-level moderating role of safety climate among miners. The questionnaire data used for analysis in this study were collected from 310 miners in 38 coal mine production teams in China. Bootstrap analysis was performed to explore the mediating role of perceived insider status, and multilevel linear analysis was performed to explore the cross-level moderating role of safety climate. The results showed that job embeddedness was positively related to miners' safety performance; perceived insider status mediating the relationship between job embeddedness and miners' safety performance; and safety climate moderating the relationship between perceived insider status and miners' safety performance across levels.

The effect of empowering leadership on miners' unsafe behavior: a cross-level chain mediation model.

Miners' unsafe behavior has always been a key issue in coal mine safety management. Numerous studies have shown that leadership is an important factor influencing miners' unsafe behavior. A cross-level structural model was constructed based on social cognitive theory, using psychological safety and safety climate as intermediary variables, to analyze the effect of empowering leadership on miners' unsafe behavior. Data were gathered from 272 coal miners on 59 working teams. Multilevel regression analysis and the Monte Carlo method were employed to analyze the influence of the empowering leadership on miners' unsafe behavior. The results showed that empowering leadership was negatively related to miners' unsafe behavior. Psychological safety and safety climate mediated the relationship between empowering leadership and miners' unsafe behavior, and also jointly mediated in the chain. These findings enrich existing research results on miners' unsafe behavior and provide a beneficial enlightenment to coal mine safety management.

The effect of emotional intelligence on unsafe behavior of miners: the role of emotional labor strategies and perceived organizational support.

The primary purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of the four dimensions of miners' emotional intelligence (self-emotion perception, emotion application, emotion regulation, other-emotion perception) on unsafe behavior through a questionnaire survey of three state-owned coal mines in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Sichuan. Nearly 300 miners participated in the survey, and the response rate reached 83.3%. The study also examined the possible effects of miners' emotional labor strategies and perceived organizational support on unsafe behavior. The reliability and effectiveness of all measuring instruments are considered acceptable. The results show that emotional labor strategy plays an intermediary role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and unsafe behavior. Perceived organizational support plays a regulatory role in the relationship between emotional labor strategy and unsafe behavior.

Negotiating and Managing Gay Identities in Multiple Heteronormative Spaces: The Experiences of Black Gay Mineworkers in South Africa.

Sexual diversity is a contentious topic in South Africa because many people still hold the perception that sexual identity can only be understood in heteronormative terms. This article adopts a feminist research approach to investigate how black gay male identities are constructed and managed at home, within friendships and in mining workplaces, drawing on data collected from five black gay male mineworkers. It opens up discussion on gay mineworkers' experiences in a country where diversity is upheld and celebrated through a democratic constitution, yet gay men must often negotiate and manage their sexual identities to fit in with the dominant heteronormative discourses present in different spaces in society, including adopting false heterosexual identities in particular spaces, which limits their freedoms. The study argues that experiences of constructing and managing black gay identities in heteronormative spaces is guided by the level of acceptance and tolerance perceived by gay people.

Research on the Construction of a Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Psychological Factors in Coal Mine Workers' Safety: Investigation and Analysis of 1,500 Miners in East China.

With China's economic and social development entering a new era, the improvement of miners' living standards and safety production conditions in coal mine are bound to have a new impact on the safety needs of miners. In order to explore the structural changes of miners' safety demands in the new era, this research adopts the second-order confirmatory factor analysis method to investigate miners from six coal mining enterprises based on Koffka's cognitive psychology theory. Firstly, according to the interaction between the behavioral environment and the self-regulation of coal miners, six potential variables affecting miners' safety psychology, such as material satisfaction, non-skill internal causes, professionalism, emotional attribution, safety atmosphere, and organizational management, are selected. Then, each potential variable is subdivided into 3 observation variables, for a total of 18 observation variables, and a 3-tier comprehensive structural model of miners' safety psychology is constructed that takes into account both evaluation and path integration. The results showed that, affected by the interaction of various potential variables, the degree and intensity of the influence of each factor on miners' safety psychology were different. Among them, emotional attribution was the most significant factor affecting miners' safety psychology, while the influence of organizational management was slightly less important than emotional attribution. Organizational management had a positive impact on material satisfaction and non-skill internal factors. Occupational literacy, material satisfaction, and safety atmosphere had strong impacts on miners' safety psychology. But the impact of non-skill factors on miners' safety psychology was lower than other factors, which is different to previous studies on this aspect.

The Influence of Leader Bottom-Line Mentality on Miners' Safety Behavior: A Moderated Parallel Mediation Model Based on the Dual-System Theory.

As a high-risk industry that is always struggling with unsafe factors, coal mine enterprises must prioritize safety in their operation and management, but there are still some short-sighted coal mine managers who choose to leave safety behind in the desperate pursuit of financial benefits, resulting in coal mine accidents from time to time. Unfortunately, this leadership style, known as leader bottom-line mentality, has not yet received sufficient attention in the safety field. Based on dual-system theory, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and safety consciousness between leader bottom-line mentality and miners' safety behavior, as well as the moderating role of Chinese traditionality. Using a sample of 422 frontline miners in China, the results of the data analysis showed that emotional exhaustion and safety consciousness played parallel mediating roles between leader bottom-line mentality and miners' safety behavior, and Chinese traditionality moderated the effect of leader bottom-line mentality: the higher the Chinese traditionality, the weaker the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and the stronger the mediating effect of safety consciousness. Present research explains the mechanisms and boundaries of the influence of leader bottom-line mentality on miners' safety behavior, contributing to the emerging literature on safety management and bottom-line mentality.

HIV Preventive Behaviors and Associated Factors among Gold Mining Workers in Dima District, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS is becoming more prevalent over time, resulting in a considerable number of deaths. In 2017, 36.9 million (35.1 million adults) people worldwide were living with HIV, 1.8 million people were newly infected with HIV, and 940 000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses. Mining workers are at a high risk of contracting HIV and infecting others, and effective prevention is a critical. OBJECTIVE: To assess HIV preventive behaviors and associated factors among gold mining workers in Dima district, southwest Ethiopia, 2019. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1st to 30th, 2019. A convenience sampling technique was used to get mining workers for the interview.The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The collected data were coded and entered into EpiData version 4.2.0.101, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software. A binary logistic regression was conducted to determine the association using odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals. A P value of less than 0.05 considered the level of significance for HIV preventive behaviors. RESULTS: From a total of 455 mining worker, 279 (61.3%) of them have good practices of HIV prevention. Factors associated with good preventive practice were not alcohol drinkers (AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.30-6.29), not chew khat (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.09-4.02), having good knowledge about HIV (AOR = 1.81, CI: 1.16-2.83), favorable attitude towards HIV prevention (AOR = 4.76, 95% CI: 3.02-7.49), and high perceived susceptibility to HIV (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.63-4.24). CONCLUSION: Only about 61% of the mining workers in the study area were practiced HIV preventive behaviors. Not alcohol drinkers, having good knowledge about HIV, having a favorable attitude toward HIV prevention, and having high perceived susceptibility to HIV were factors associated with the practice of HIV preventive behaviors. Efforts have to be made by local governments and other concerned bodies to increase preventive behavior.