ABSTRACT
Psoriasis is an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia, proliferation of blood vessels, and infiltration of leukocytes in dermis and epidermis. Several immunosuppressants such as methotrexate (MXT) and cyclosporine are used but they are associated with adverse effects due to down regulation of immune system. Numerous approaches have been explored to overcome the problems of conventional topical system such as high frequency of application, impermeability to skin barrier, and limited efficacy. Photodynamic therapy is another non-invasive technique currently used for skin diseases. The combination of two drugs is also commonly observed to achieve more effective therapy. In the present study, antipsoriatic activity of niosomal formulations for the treatment of psoriasis in combination with narrow and broad band UV radiation had been explored in experimental animal model.
Subject(s)
Liposomes/administration & dosage , Nanospheres/administration & dosage , Parakeratosis/therapy , Psoriasis/therapy , Administration, Topical , Animals , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Humans , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Mice, Inbred Strains , Orthokeratologic Procedures , Parakeratosis/drug therapy , Parakeratosis/radiotherapy , Photochemotherapy , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Psoriasis/radiotherapy , Trioxsalen/administration & dosage , Ultraviolet TherapyABSTRACT
The term axillary granular parakeratosis is proposed for a unique axillary eruption with distinct histopathologic features. Four middle-aged to elderly patients (three women, one man) had unilateral or bilateral, usually pruritic, hyperpigmented to bright red patches in the axillae. Biopsy specimens revealed severe compact parakeratosis with the stratum corneum measuring 80 to 250 microns in maximal thickness, maintenance of the stratum granulosum, remarkable retention of keratohyaline granules throughout the stratum corneum, and vascular proliferation and ectasia. A contact reaction to an antiperspirant/deodorant is suspected as the cause. We speculate that the offending agent alters the maturation sequence of the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, possibly by interfering with the degradation of filaggrin precursor to filaggrin units.
Subject(s)
Axilla , Parakeratosis , Aged , Female , Filaggrin Proteins , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Parakeratosis/etiology , Parakeratosis/pathology , Parakeratosis/therapy , Skin/pathologyABSTRACT
La paraqueratosis granular es un fenómeno histológico con características clínicas variables en áreas intertriginosas; su presentación en el pliegue axilar puede ser unilateral o bilateral y suele acompañarse de prurito y placas hiperqueratósicas. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 80 años de edad, quien refiere un cuadro de seis meses de evolución caracterizado por ardor y prurito en ambas axilas y sensación de cuerpo extraño. Se encontró placas hiperqueratósicas, hiperpigmentadas localizadas en axilas, de forma bilateral, con un predominio en el lado izquierdo. La histología demostró paraqueratosis con un mantenimiento del estrato granuloso y retención de gránulos de queratohialina a lo largo del estrato córneo.