ABSTRACT
Following intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of testosterone-7-3-H-17-sulfate and testosterone-4-14-C into male and female rats with bile fistulas, biliary metabolites were separated and purified by a combination of column chromatography, enzymic hydrolysis or solvolysis of the conjugate fractions and identification of the liberated aglycones. The injected steroids were extensively metabolized and excreted predominantly in the bile. The major portion of the 3H was excreted in the disulfate fraction in both sexes. Solvolysis of the disulfate revealed the sex-specific aglycone pattern: 5alpha-Androstane-3beta,17beta-diol was the major metabolite in the male rat, whereas 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol and polar steroids were found in the female. In marked contrast, testosterone was metabolized in a different way than testosterone sulfate. 14-C radioactivity was distributed in monoglucosiduronate, monosulfate, and diconjugate fractions. Analysis of the aglycones showed that polar steroids were the main metabolites in the male. In the female, testosterone was metabolized to polar steroids, androsterone, and 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.
Subject(s)
Bile/metabolism , Testosterone/metabolism , Androstane-3,17-diol/biosynthesis , Androsterone/biosynthesis , Animals , Carbon Radioisotopes , Electrophoresis, Paper , Female , Glucuronates/biosynthesis , Male , Rats , Sex Factors , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Sulfuric Acids/metabolism , TritiumSubject(s)
Bile/metabolism , Bilirubin/metabolism , Animals , Autoradiography , Azo Compounds , Bilirubin/blood , Bilirubin/pharmacology , Bilirubin/urine , Chromatography , Chromatography, Paper , Densitometry , Dogs , Humans , Methods , Rats , Sulfur Isotopes , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Sulfuric Acids/blood , Sulfuric Acids/metabolism , Sulfuric Acids/urineSubject(s)
Nitrates/metabolism , Nitrites/metabolism , Sulfides/metabolism , Thiobacillus/metabolism , Adenine Nucleotides/biosynthesis , Carbon Monoxide/pharmacology , Electrophoresis, Paper , Nitrate Reductases/analysis , Nitrites/biosynthesis , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxygen/metabolism , Subcellular Fractions/metabolism , Sulfates/biosynthesis , Sulfides/biosynthesis , Sulfites/biosynthesis , Sulfur Radioisotopes , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Thiobacillus/cytology , Thiobacillus/drug effects , Thiobacillus/enzymologySubject(s)
Chondroitin/biosynthesis , Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism , Golgi Apparatus/metabolism , Animals , Autoradiography , Cartilage/analysis , Cartilage/cytology , Cartilage/enzymology , Cartilage/metabolism , Centrifugation, Density Gradient , Chick Embryo , Chondroitin/analysis , Endoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology , Esters/biosynthesis , Golgi Apparatus/enzymology , Lyases , Microscopy, Electron , Pyrophosphatases/analysis , Ribosomes/enzymology , Sulfates/metabolism , Sulfur Isotopes , Sulfuric Acids/analysis , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Benzoxazoles/pharmacology , Cartilage/metabolism , Indoles/pharmacology , Quinolines/pharmacology , Sulfates/metabolism , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Alcohols , Animals , Benzene Derivatives/pharmacology , Carbon Isotopes , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Chondroitin/biosynthesis , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Metabolism/drug effects , Proline/metabolism , Protein Biosynthesis , Rats , Skatole/pharmacology , Sulfur Isotopes , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Surface PropertiesSubject(s)
Fibroblasts/metabolism , Glucosamine/metabolism , Glycosaminoglycans/biosynthesis , Animals , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Carbon Isotopes , Cell Line/drug effects , Cell Line/growth & development , Cell Line/metabolism , Chemical Precipitation , Chondroitin/biosynthesis , Chromatography , Chromatography, Gel , Chromatography, Paper , Culture Media , Electrophoresis , Esters/biosynthesis , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/growth & development , Galactose/metabolism , Heparin/biosynthesis , Hexosamines/metabolism , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase , Lyases , Mice , Nitrites , Papain/pharmacology , Paper , Peptide Hydrolases/pharmacology , Pyridinium Compounds , Sulfatases , Sulfates/metabolism , Sulfur Isotopes , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesisSubject(s)
Chondroitin/biosynthesis , Glycosaminoglycans/biosynthesis , Leukocytes/metabolism , Microsomes/metabolism , Animals , Carbon Isotopes , Cell Fractionation , Centrifugation, Density Gradient , Chlorides/pharmacology , Chromatography, Gel , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Chromatography, Paper , Endoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology , Esters/biosynthesis , Galactose/metabolism , Glucuronates/metabolism , Hexosamines/metabolism , Horses , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , Leukocytes/cytology , Leukocytes/enzymology , Manganese/pharmacology , Microsomes/drug effects , Microsomes/enzymology , Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars/metabolism , Oligosaccharides/biosynthesis , Papain , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Transferases/blood , Tritium , Uracil Nucleotides/metabolismSubject(s)
Collagen/biosynthesis , Estradiol/pharmacology , Genitalia, Female/metabolism , Glycosaminoglycans/biosynthesis , Skin/metabolism , Animals , Benzoates/pharmacology , Carbon Isotopes , Chromatography , Female , Genitalia, Female/drug effects , Glucose/metabolism , Glycosaminoglycans/isolation & purification , Haplorhini , Hyaluronic Acid/biosynthesis , Macaca , Methods , Proline/metabolism , Protein Biosynthesis , Skin/drug effects , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Thorax/metabolism , Tritium , Uronic Acids/biosynthesisSubject(s)
Indenes/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Alcohols/biosynthesis , Alcohols/metabolism , Animals , Autoradiography , Chromatography, Gas , Chromatography, Paper , Esters/biosynthesis , Female , Hydrolysis , Indenes/biosynthesis , Liver/enzymology , Male , Rats , Sodium/metabolism , Stereoisomerism , Sulfatases , Sulfates/metabolism , Sulfur Isotopes , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesisSubject(s)
Alkaloids/metabolism , Alkaloids/urine , Indoles/metabolism , Sulfurtransferases/metabolism , Adenosine Monophosphate/biosynthesis , Alkaloids/blood , Animals , Bile/metabolism , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Glucuronates/blood , Glucuronates/metabolism , Glucuronates/urine , Glucuronidase , Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism , Hydrolysis , In Vitro Techniques , Indoles/blood , Indoles/urine , Kinetics , Liver/enzymology , Liver/ultrastructure , Male , Organophosphorus Compounds/biosynthesis , Phenols , Pyridines/blood , Pyridines/metabolism , Pyridines/urine , Rats , Subcellular Fractions/enzymology , Sulfatases , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Dibenzothiepins/metabolism , Animals , Biotransformation , Brain/metabolism , Carbon Dioxide/biosynthesis , Carbon Isotopes , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Dibenzothiepins/administration & dosage , Dibenzothiepins/analysis , Dibenzothiepins/blood , Dibenzothiepins/urine , Digestive System/analysis , Feces/analysis , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Injections, Intravenous , Intestine, Large/metabolism , Intestine, Small/metabolism , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Kidney/metabolism , Kinetics , Liver/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Male , Mice , Muscles/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Piperazines/administration & dosage , Piperazines/analysis , Piperazines/blood , Piperazines/metabolism , Piperazines/urine , Rats , Skin/metabolism , Species Specificity , Sulfates/biosynthesis , Sulfoxides/biosynthesis , Sulfur Isotopes , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesisSubject(s)
Endometrium/metabolism , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism , Intrauterine Devices , Animals , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Electrophoresis , Endometrium/drug effects , Estrogens/pharmacology , Female , Glycoproteins/biosynthesis , Hexosamines/metabolism , Histocytochemistry , Progesterone/pharmacology , Rabbits , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Uterus/metabolismSubject(s)
Brain Chemistry , Gangliosides/analysis , Mutation , Age Factors , Animals , Cerebrosides/biosynthesis , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Glycolipids/biosynthesis , Lipids/biosynthesis , Mice , Molecular Biology , Myelin Sheath/analysis , Myelin Sheath/metabolism , Neurons/growth & development , Neurons/metabolism , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesisSubject(s)
Estrone/metabolism , Adult , Estradiol/metabolism , Humans , Hydrolysis , Male , Methyl Ethers/biosynthesis , Sulfur Radioisotopes , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Time Factors , TritiumSubject(s)
Dehydroepiandrosterone/metabolism , Skin/metabolism , 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids/biosynthesis , Androstanes/biosynthesis , Androsterone/biosynthesis , Breast/metabolism , Dihydrotestosterone/biosynthesis , Esters/biosynthesis , Female , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Ketosteroids/biosynthesis , Middle Aged , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesis , Sulfuric Acids/metabolism , Testosterone/biosynthesis , TritiumSubject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism , Acetates/biosynthesis , Acids/metabolism , Aldehydes/metabolism , Alkylation , Amides/metabolism , Amino Acids/biosynthesis , Biotransformation , Cardiac Glycosides/metabolism , Cyclic N-Oxides/metabolism , Depression, Chemical , Enzymes/metabolism , Esters/metabolism , Glucuronates/biosynthesis , Glutathione/biosynthesis , Ketones/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Stimulation, Chemical , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesisABSTRACT
Copper sulphide CuS was leached by bacteria. Beginning with an initial pH of 9.1, the bacteria acidified the environment and at the same time leached up to 5 g copper per liter. It is characteristic that the pH may sometimes stabilize at 4.0--5.0 and not fall below this value.
Subject(s)
Copper/metabolism , Sulfides/metabolism , Thiobacillus/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Culture Media , Culture Techniques , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Oxygen Consumption , Sulfuric Acids/biosynthesisABSTRACT
Approximately 40% of oil shale can be solubilized by the action of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus concretivorous are equally effective in solubilization. Continuous leaching experiments show that this process can be completed within 14 days. The growth of Thiobacillus and the production of acid were measured under several conditions. Almost all of the CaMg(CO(3))(2) was removed by this process, leaving a complex of silica and kerogen that could be burned as low-energy fuel. The silica-kerogen complex had not yet been biologically degraded.