Reproduction traits of heterozygous myostatin knockout sows crossbred with homozygous myostatin knockout boars.

Few studies exist on homozygous myostatin gene mutant (MSTN-/- ) pigs, especially on their reproductive ability. We have previously shown that semen quality of homozygous MSTN-/- boars is comparable to that of wild type (WT). However, no data exist on the reproductive ability of heterozygous MSTN gene mutant (MSTN+/ - ) sows. The present study highlights showed that the heterozygous MSTN+/ - sows have delayed pubertal age than WT sows (255.80 ± 6.79 versus 191.10 ± 3.42, respectively). The number of services per pregnancy of heterozygous MSTN+/ - sows is significantly higher than that of WT sows (3.33 ± 0.43 versus 1.60 ± 0.25, respectively). Moreover, although heterozygous MSTN+/ - sows have natural reproduction ability, their litter size was significantly lower than that of WT sows (7.75 ± 0.44 versus 14.25 ± 0.60, respectively). Offsprings generated from heterozygous MSTN+/ - sow and homozygous MSTN-/- boar were genotyped with the PCR and sequencing method to detect myostatin mutation and to identify whether the piglets are homozygous MSTN-/- or heterozygous MSTN+/ - . The proportion of homozygous MSTN-/- piglets was significantly lower than that of heterozygous MSTN+/ - piglets (2.50 ± 0.35 versus 5.25 ± 0.60, respectively). Furthermore, none of the sows presented dystocia, and the phenotype of heterozygous MSTN+/ - piglets was normal. However, 10% homozygous MSTN-/- piglets died of dyspnoea within 2 hr after birth, 60% of homozygous MSTN-/- piglets showed large tongues, and 50% had umbilical hernias. In summary, this study for the first time reports the reproduction traits of heterozygous MSTN+/ - sows crossbred with homozygous MSTN-/- boars. This study will pave the way in a new direction for the breeding and development of super lean meat varieties in the future.

Intestinal duplication in the tongue: embryological and radiological point of view.

Intestinal duplication in the tongue is a rare entity. Occurrence in the anterior part of the tongue is exceptional. We report an intestinal duplication in the tongue causing eating difficulties and discuss the accuracy of embryologic and histopathology knowledge as radiology. A transoral complete resection of the lesion was performed, without postoperative complications. There was no recurrence with a follow-up of 15 years.

Oral foregut duplication cysts: A rare and fascinating congenital lesion. Case report and review of the literature.

Oral foregut duplication cysts are extremely rare lesions with approximately 57 cases reported. They are congenital cysts, located in the anterior or ventral tongue, and occur predominantly in males. They are lined by one or more types of epithelia which is limited to gastric, intestinal or respiratory epithelium. The differential diagnosis includes lymphangioma, hemangioma, ranula, epidermoid cyst, teratoma and less likely a malignant process.

Congenital melanotic macules of the tongue. A case report and brief review of the literature.

Congenital melanotic macules of the tongue (CMMT) are a rare and benign condition that is probably underestimated. We report the case of an African infant with multiple congenital hyperpigmented macules of the tongue. To avoid a difficult-to-perform procedure such as a tongue biopsy, focused clinical monitoring was performed every 3 months for 30 months to detect significant changes. A clinical diagnosis of CMMT was made in the absence of concomitant systemic diseases using the clinical findings, the location on the tongue, the negative family history for melanoma, and the absence of drugs and toxic exposure. Clinical follow-up may be sufficient to monitor CMMT rather than performing a tongue biopsy.

[Tongue cyst in children: foregut duplication, a possible diagnosis]. / Kyste lingual de l'enfant : savoir évoquer la duplication digestive.

INTRODUCTION: Foregut duplication is a heterotopy of the digestive mucosa. The tongue localization is relatively uncommon, it presents as a cystic lesion. We report a series of five patients presenting with cysts of the tongue. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was made on cases of foregut duplication of the lingual area, diagnosed between 1977 and 2008. We documented the patient's age, gender, symptoms, lesion localization, clinical radiological and pathological features, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: Four boys and one girl were included. Two cysts were diagnosed during antenatal screening, two during early infancy, and one at the age of 12 (after infectious complication). In every case, the diagnosis could be confirmed only after surgical removal. DISCUSSION: Foregut duplication of the tongue is rare and its incidence is probably underestimated. This diagnosis should be suggested in case of congenital intraoral cysts. Treatment is surgical excision, and pathological examination confirms the diagnosis.

[Neonatal tongue-tie: myths and science].

Anatomical restraining of tongue movement (tongue-tie, ankyloglossia) has been known for centuries and the subject of dozens of articles. The heated debate persists on its clinical significance and indications for treatment. Most authorities in the field of infant feeding and Lactation agree that breastfeeding problems, such as nipple pain and latching difficulties, are common signs of clinicaLly significant tongue-tie and indications for performing a frenotomy, while the sole presence of a visible lingual frenulum is not. In contrast, the lack of a visible frenulum does not rule out the diagnosis of clinically significant tongue-tie since submucosal ties, also called "posterior tongue-tie", may interfere with efficient breastfeeding. Whether tongue-tie interferes with speech articulation to a significant extent is currently unknown. Theoretically, articulation of some consonants (e.g., /s/, /th/, /r/) would be affected by impeded tongue movement. These articulation problems are, however, Less common than tongue-tie itself, and children and adults characteristically use various compensatory techniques of mouth opening and tongue movements. When it is indicated, frenotomy is performed by lifting the tongue and snipping the frenulum with scissors. Complications of frenotomy are rare and consist mainly of self-limited minor bleeding. The significance of posterior tongue tie and the long-term effects of frenotomy performed during early infancy are unresolved issues.

Familial ankyloglossia (tongue-tie): a case report.

Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is a congenital anomaly with a prevalence of 4-5% and characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenulum. For unknown reasons the abnormality seems to be more common in males. The pathogenesis of ankyloglossia is not known. The authors report a family with isolated ankyloglossia inherited as an autosomal dominant or recessive trait. The identification of the defective gene(s) in these patients might reveal novel information on the pathogenesis of this disorder.

Neonatal airway obstruction due to a massive lingual foregut duplication cyst.

Foregut duplication cysts (FDCs) are rare malformations arising along primitively derived alimentary tract. Head and neck cases comprise 0.3% of all FDCs with 60% occurring in the oral cavity. We present a case of neonatal airway obstruction secondary to a prenatally diagnosed massive lingual FDC. Definitive treatment requires surgical excision. Histologically, the cysts are lined gastric and respiratory epithelium. FDC should be a consideration in prenatally diagnosed masses affecting the oral cavity.

Ankyloglossia: facts and myths in diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to systematically review the diagnostic criteria, indications, and need for treatment of ankyloglossia (tongue-tie), as well as the various treatment options for patients in different age groups. METHODS: The MEDLINE databases and the Cochrane Library were searched according to well-defined criteria, resulting in 64 included articles. The evidence regarding the classifications of tongue-tie, epidemiologic data, inheritance, breastfeeding problems, impaired tongue mobility, speech disorders, malocclusion, gingival recessions, therapy, and complications due to surgery was analyzed in detail. RESULTS: Different classifications for ankyloglossia have been proposed but not uniformly accepted. Breastfeeding problems in neonates could be associated with a tongue-tie, but not enough controlled trials have been performed to identify an ideal treatment option. In children and adults with ankyloglossia, limitations in tongue mobility are present, but the individual degree of discomfort, as well as the severity of an associated speech problem, are subjective and difficult to categorize. There is no evidence supporting the development of gingival recessions because of ankyloglossia. Frenotomy, frenectomy, and frenuloplasty are the main surgical treatment options to release/remove an ankyloglossia. Because of the limited evidence available, no specific surgical method can be favored. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of an accepted definition and classification of ankyloglossia makes comparisons between studies almost impossible. Because almost no controlled prospective trials for surgical interventions in patients with tongue-ties are present in the literature, no conclusive suggestions regarding the method of choice can be made. It also remains controversial which tongue-ties need to be surgically removed and which can be left to observation.

Leiomyomatous Hamartomas of the Oral Cavity: Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Features of 4 Cases and Literature Review.

Objective. To present 4 new cases of oral leiomyomatous hamartomas (OLH), describing its clinical, microscopical, and immunohistochemical features, and a literature review. Methods. The OLH cases were retrieved from the files of 2 Brazilian and 1 Peruvian oral pathology services. Clinical data were obtained from the pathology reports. Microscopical features were reviewed, and immunohistochemical reactions were performed. A review of the English-language literature about OLH was done. Results. The sample was composed of 3 females (4-, 10-, and 15-year-old) and 1 male (3-year-old). Three cases affected the dorsum of the tongue and one the incisive papilla, and all presented sessile or pedunculated smooth nodules. Microscopically, the lesions were composed of varying-size fascicles of smooth muscle fibers in a fibrous connective tissue background. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity of the smooth muscle bundles for myogenic markers. The English-language literature review revealed 38 OLH cases reported, most were congenital or diagnosed up to 5 years old. The main locations were tongue and anterior maxilla. Conclusions. Although OLH is a rare lesion, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of midline tongue or maxillary masses in newborns, infants, and youngsters.

Congenital lateral cleft palate and lateral palatal synechiae.

We report a sporadic case of congenital lateral cleft palate and lateral palatal synechiae and suggest that its mechanism is embryonal. This is the first published case that we know of with cleft palate-lateral synechiae syndrome including the lateral cleft palate.

[Congenital melanotic macules of the tongue]. / Macules mélanotiques congénitales de la langue.

BACKGROUND: Congenital oral and labial melanotic macules are the leading causes of hyperpigmented lesions of the oral mucosa in adults. Although they usually appear in the second decade of life, there are rare reports of these phenomena in children. Congenital lingual melanotic macules have been recently identified as a peculiar and benign cause of hyperpigmentation of the tongue in newborn babies and infants. CASE REPORTS: We describe the cases of five infants presenting with smooth brown macules of the dorsum of the tongue, measuring several millimetres and detected either at birth or a few days after birth. No history of trauma, medication or similar lesions in relatives was found. Surgical excision of the lesions was performed in two cases. Clinical follow-up in the three other children showed no changes in the lesions in the first two and lightening of the brown macules in the third. DISCUSSION: Congenital lingual melanotic macules represent a clinically distinct and benign cause of hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa. They may be more common than the literature suggests, especially among dark-skinned subjects.

Hamartomatous tongue lesions in children.

The incidence and spectrum of tongue lesions in children, in particular tongue hamartomas, is relatively unknown. We report a retrospective review of all tongue lesions seen at a major tertiary care children's hospital over an 18-year period with an emphasis on describing tongue hamartomas. A total of 135 tongue lesions were identified. Vascular/lymphatic lesions (36/135) were the most common followed by mucus extravasation phenomenon (22/135). Interestingly, hamartomatous lesions (18/135) were the third most common lesion category identified. Lingual hamartomas were predominantly submucosal in location and were classified histologically by tissue composition as follows: neurovascular (2/18), smooth muscle predominant (5/18), fat predominant (1/18), and smooth muscle and fat containing (10/18). All 5 smooth muscle predominant hamartomas also contained vasculature, and 1 case additionally contained salivary gland tissue. The single fat predominant hamartoma additionally contained vessels and salivary gland. The final 10 hamartomas contained varying amounts of both smooth muscle and fat, and also admixed combinations of vessels, nerves, and salivary glands. Two of these 10 cases additionally contained foci of choristomatous elements, including cutaneous adnexal structures and cartilage. Most patients with hamartomatous lesions were young, 2 years or less. Eight cases were congenital in origin. Females outnumbered males by 2:1. The majority of lesions (16/18) were dorsal in location, and 4 patients had a syndromic association, all oral-facial-digital syndrome.

Lingual hamartoma in an infant: CT and MR imaging.

Lingual hamartoma is a rare tongue mass, primarily diagnosed in childhood. In most cases in the literature, the masses were surgically removed without preoperative imaging. There are only 3 cases reported in the clinical literature that describe preoperative imaging findings. We report the clinical and imaging findings in an infant with lingual hamartoma and review the literature.

Congenital lingual cyst: Expression of MUC protein and report of a new case.

Lingual congenital cysts are uncommon lesions that alter the functions of speech, swallowing and breathing when they have considerable dimension. They usually appear from birth and increase in size gradually in childhood and adolescence. While there are a considerable number of case reports, the nomenclature and origin of this lesion are controversial. Congenital lingual cysts are composed of an epithelial lining that can show heterogeneous histological features, such as globed, ciliated, squamous and parietal cells, while the wall presents mature connective tissue and eventually smooth muscle. In the present manuscript, we report a case of a congenital lingual cyst in a 13-year-old boy, as well as the immunoexpression of MUC family proteins (MUC-1 and MUC-5AC), hoping to provide data that will help to clarify the possible etiology of this lesion.

[Ankyloglossia in an Anatolian Shepherd dog]. / Ankyloglossie bei einem Anatolischen Hirtenhund (Kangal).

Ankyloglossia, commonknown as tongue-tie, is a rare congenital oral anomaly in dogs. A complete attachment of the lingual frenulum to the floor of the oral cavity leads to limited mobility of the tongue including problems during eating and swallowing. In humans ankyloglossia is a common anomaly in newborn infants. In our report a 5-month old Anatolian Shepherd dog was surgically treated and full function of the tongue could be achieved with a horizontal-to-vertical frenuloplasty.