"Snapping" of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon in asymptomatic population.

BACKGROUND: Extensor carpi ulnaris tendinopathy (ECU) can be one cause of ulnar side wrist pain and it is more prominent in pronation-supination movements against resistance. In supination, flexion, and ulnar deviation within the ulnar groove, the tendon is tense and becomes predisposed to subluxation or dislocation. Snapping occurs during this dislocation and relocation. As a result of this friction between the tendon sheath and ulnar groove, tendinopathy and pain occur. ECU tendon is an important structure that contributes to the dynamic stability of wrist therefore resulting degeneration contributes disruption of distal radioulnar joint and causes wrist instability. METHODS: Participants without active wrist complaints who presented to the outpatient clinic between 2019 and 2020 were included. Provocation test was performed and participants with snapping were evaluated with ultrasound to determine subluxation or dislocation. Participants asked to indicate approximately how much time they spent daily on the phone, computer and game console. The distribution of data was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Quantitative data that were not normally distributed were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test, and Student's t-test was used for normally distributed data. The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. For all tests, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Four hundred and fifteen women and 340 men were included in the study. Fifty of the 755 participants (6.6 %) had snapping. 22 of the 755 participants (2.9 %) had dislocation or subluxation on ultrasound. Three (13.6 %) participants had dislocation and 19 (%86.4) participants had subluxation on ultrasound. All 50 of the participants with snapping had significant repetitive trauma and sports activities. It was determined that 21 of the 22 participants who were found to have subluxation or dislocation by ultrasound had more than two hours of hobby activity and significantly more participants had more than two hours of activity compared to the group without subluxation or dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: This study with a large number of participants will contribute to the literature in terms of evaluating the contribution of technological devices, such as computers, smartphones, and consoles to chronic wrist pain and the prevalence of ECU snapping in the asymptomatic population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Date of Approval; 19.02.2019, Approval Number; 19-KAEK-045.

Surgical Treatment With Titanium Elastic Nail (TEN) for Failed Conservative Treatment of Acute Monteggia Lesions in Children.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the results of intramedullary osteosynthesis with titanium elastic nail (TEN) in the surgical treatment of Monteggia lesions in children aged 12 and under. METHODS: Patients who underwent surgery with the TEN method between 2013 and 2019 were screened retrospectively. The inclusion criteria were patients who failed conservative treatment, a history of acute trauma (<14 d after injury), age 12 years and under, patients who underwent intramedullary osteosynthesis with TEN when surgical treatment is required, a follow-up period of over 12 months, absence of congenital upper extremity and bone anomalies, and no history of trauma to the ipsilateral elbow. For functional classification, the Grace and Eversmann Criteria were used to evaluate union, pronation, and supination, while the Mayo Elbow Performance Score was used to assess overall elbow function and limitations. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (26 male/12 female) were included in the study. The median age was 8.0 (6 to 10) years old and follow-up period was 26.0 (16 to 39) months. The mean value of the Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 97.1, 32 cases were excellent and 6 cases had good results. While the average age was 9.4 years in patients with mobility limitations, it was 7.1 years in patients without mobility limitations. Statistically, less movement restriction was observed in patients of younger age. CONCLUSION: Length unstable ulnar fracture pattern for Monteggia lesions and those with secondary loss of reduction, intramedullary stabilization of the ulna fracture with TEN helps to achieve good functional and radiologic outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Is it really safe to evaluate symptomatic extensor carpi ulnaris tendon instability by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

The extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon is in the sixth extensor compartment of the wrist and is isolated from other tendons by a different sheath. Extensor carpi ulnaris pathologies are characterized by pain locally localized to the wrist ulnar side. Outpatient records and wrist MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) tests were retrospectively scanned between January 2018 and July 2019. By examining the anamnesis and examination notes of the patients in the outpatient clinic records, patients with wrist ulnar side pain, pain or sensitivity on the ulnar styloid and provocation test (synergy) were assigned to the first study group (Group 1).The second study group was composed of patients who underwent wrist MR for the diagnosis or differential diagnosis of a synovial cyst around the wrist, without ulnar side pain (Group 2).While evaluating MR images in the axial plane, the depth and width of the ulnar groove, thickness of the ECU tendon were measured. The position of the ECU tendon relative to the ulnar groove and the forearm rotation during the shooting were recorded.105 cases evaluated, there were 41 cases in the symptomatic subgroup and 64 cases in the asymptomatic subgroup. Among all patients, the mean patient age was 38.05.In the evaluation according to whether cases were symptomatic or not, there was no significant relationship between being symptomatic and the degree of instability and MR withdrawal position. Our study suggests that ECU instability in MR is not a specific condition, and detection of MR in instability may not be associated with a patient's symptoms.

Early Results of Kinesio Taping and Steroid Injections in Elbow Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized, Controlled Study.

Background and objectives: This study prospectively compares early results of Kinesio tape (KT) as an alternative method for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis with those of corticosteroid injection and the rest-and-medication group (RMG). Materials and methods: Among the fifty patients (53 elbows), KT was applied to 20 patients (21 elbows), and corticosteroid injection (CSI) was applied to 15 patients (17 elbows). Fifteen patients were included in the RMG. Patients in the RMG were informed about their condition, and necessary warnings were given. No oral or topical treatments were recommended. If needed, paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were prescribed. Patients were classified according to the Nirschl scores and evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS); Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QDASH); and the Turkish version of the Patient Related Elbow Evaluation (PREE-T). Results: Improvements in all scores were statistically significant in all groups at the end of the second week. At the end of the fourth week, there was also a statistically significant improvement in all three groups, but these improvements were not as high as they were in the first 2 weeks. There was a slight deterioration in the functional scores in the RMG and CSI groups, while the improvement in the KT group continued. In the KT group, the average QDASH score was 18.1 (4.5-35), the VAS score was 2 (1-3), the VAS score in resisted wrist extension was 4 (2-5) and the Nirschl score was 2 (1-3) at the fourth week. The KT group had significant superiority in these parameters over the RMG (p = 0.035, p = 0.035, p = 0.029, p = 0.035, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the KT, the RMG and the CSI groups at the fourth week. Conclusions: CSI, KT and rest-and-medication treatments were all effective in terms of pain reduction and functional scores at the end of week 2, and the only treatment that continued to be effective in the final week was KT.

Does rotational deformity cause poor outcomes after pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures?

BACKGROUND: We aimed to show the effect of rotational deformity on the development of cubitus varus deformity (CVD) com-plication after supracondylar humerus fracture surgery. METHODS: Patients with Gartland type II, and more severe fractures treated with Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning alone were included in the study. Rotational deformity was assessed with the formula described by Henderson et al. Patients with rotational deformity >10° were included in Group 1, and patients with deformity <10° in Group 2. In terms of CVD development, patients were evaluated with the Baumann angle measurements made on the carrying angle and final follow-up radiographs. Patients who developed CVD were divided into two groups: Group A included patients who developed CVD and Group B included patients who did not develop CVD. The cosmetic and functional results were evaluated using Flynn criteria. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study, 32 were female and 56 were male. The mean age at the time of surgery was 6.0±2.8 years and the mean follow-up time was 5.1±2.5 years. Based on measurements, Group 1 had 13 patients and Group 2 had 75 patients. Only four of the 88 had developed CVD. Three of these patients had a rotational deformity of ≥20°. The mean age of patients in group A was 2.1 years and the mean carrying angle was 5.7°±1.5° varus (P<0.001). According to the Flynn cosmetic criteria, Group A and Group 1 had significantly worse outcomes (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, fixation of the distal fragment in rotation may be associated with CVD and intraoperative assessment is of great value to avoid long-term deformity and cosmetic degradation.

Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoral Condyle Chondral Lesions: Microfracture Versus Liquid Bioscaffold.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the microfracture (MF) technique with the bioscaffold solution application (BST-CarGel) in treating femoral chondral lesions. Methods: Thirty-eight patients ages 18-45 with isolated single femoral condyle full-thickness (ICRS grade 3-4) chondral lesions were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as MF applied (Group I = 21) and bioscaffold combined with MF (Group II = 17). The visual analog scale (VAS), Western-Ontario, and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were used in clinical evaluation. The location, size, and depth of lesions were evaluated with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score was used for postoperative evaluation. Results: The mean age was 32.5 (range 19-44) years. Mean follow-up was 14.9 months (range 12-24). Lesion size was 3 cm2 in group I and 2.9 cm2 in group II. There were no differences between groups regarding demographic characteristics but BMI (Body Mass Index) was lower in group II which was significant. The duration of surgery was longer in group II (p < 0.001). Postoperative statistical significant improvements were found in WOMAC and VAS scores in groups, but there was no statistical difference. Although there was no significant radiological difference in the group II according to the MOCART score, higher scores were obtained compared to group I. Conclusion: No difference was found, clinical and radiological, in terms of short-term outcomes. MF is a method to be applied as a primary treatment with its cost-effective, simple and short surgery technique, and effective clinical results up to 4 cm2. Level of Evidence: Level III: retrospective comparative study.

A 22-Month old with a Neglected Monteggia Injury: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: A pediatric Monteggia injury, when the diagnosis is missed or neglected, is still a challenging problem for the treating orthopedic surgeon. In this case report, we report our treatment method for a neglected Monteggia injury in a 22-month-old child. Case Presentation: A 22-month-old female patient had a history of significant trauma 8 months earlier, but no referral was made to any health institution during this period. The patient presented with swelling in the right elbow and what the family described as an occasional click noise during elbow movements. There was a 1/3 proximal plastic deformation of the ulna on radiographs, with anterior bowing concomitant with an anterior dislocation of the radial head. The patient was evaluated with a diagnosis of neglected type I Monteggia lesion. Conservative follow-up was carried out by applying closed reduction of the radiocapitellar joint under sedation. However, the conservative treatment method failed after 1 week of follow-up. For definitive treatment, closed radiocapitellar reduction and ulnar osteotomy (intramedullary Kirschner wire and oblique Kirschner wires) were applied. At the end of 3 months, the patient had full open range of motion in all directions without pain. Conclusion: This case report is noteworthy due to the patient's young age and the ulnar fixation method applied. It also shows that in the presence of ulnar bowing, maintenance of radiocapitellar reduction with only closed reduction without ulnar osteotomy could not be achieved.

Long-term results of the subtubercle tibial osteotomy using the circular external fixator for medi̇al compartment osteoarthri̇ti̇s of knee.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent subtubercular tibial osteotomy (STO) with Ilizarov external fixation used for high tibial osteotomy for medial knee osteoarthritis (MKOA). METHODS: Between October 2003 and December 2011, 42 knees of 40 patients who had undergone STO with Ilizarov external fixator with a diagnosis of MKOA were evaluated. Survival analysis was performed by examining the duration of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Clinical and radiological variables were collected at the time of admission after removal of the fixator and at outpatient follow up. RESULTS: Mean age was 49.3 ± 5.68 (range 37-61) years, mean postoperative follow up time was 14.22 ± 2.93 (range 9-18) years, and mean fixator duration was 14.6 (range 13-20) weeks. Survival analysis showed 100% at 5 years, 95.2% at 10 years and 88.1% at 15 years. Clinical examination of the patients showed significant improvement in American Knee Society score (KSS), KSS functional score and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) score (P = 0.005). In the study, it was observed that the patients' knee osteoarthritis had progressed over time. On examination, radiographic measurements including mechanical axis deviation, medial proximal tibial angle, femorotibial angle, and joint line alignment angle improved significantly after deformity correction (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: STO using the Ilizarov method offers long-term survival. It provides effective treatment in young patients with isolated MKOA. Achieving the desired amount of correction in the coronal and sagittal planes can be presented as a surgical technique for the treatment of MKOA as an effective method in clinical and radiological correction.

Comparison of Open Versus Arthroscopic Repair for Subscapularis Tendon Tears With or Without Concomitant Supraspinatus Tendon Tears.

Background: The literature comparing open and arthroscopic repair of subscapularis tendon (ST) tears is insufficient. Purpose: To compare the clinical results of open versus arthroscopic repair of ST tears with or without concomitant supraspinatus tears. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 70 patients treated for isolated ST tears and ST tears with concomitant supraspinatus tendon tears at a single center between 2011 and 2019. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who underwent open ST repairs (group O) and those with an arthroscopic ST repair (group A). Range of motion (ROM), liftoff and belly-press tests, and Constant-Murley (CM) scores were included in the pre- and postoperative functional evaluations. The minimal clinically important difference was calculated using the anchor-based method for changes in CM score. Tear size was evaluated according to the Lafosse classification. The categorical data were assessed using the Pearson chi-square, Fisher exact, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests. The parametric and nonparametric data were evaluated using the Student t test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. The dependent groups (for nonnormally distributed data) were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Group O included 34 patients, and group A included 36 patients. The mean age was 62.9 years, and the mean follow-up period was 66.7 months. Even though group O exhibited a significantly better preoperative CM score (53.7 ± 4.6 vs 48.9 ± 6.8 [mean ± SD]; P = .001), group A had a significantly better postoperative CM score (88.7 ± 4.7 vs 84.6 ± 2.9; P < .001). Our measurements revealed a minimal clinically important difference of 11.5 points for the CM score. Group A had significantly greater postoperative ROM in abduction (153° vs 143.9°; P = .005) and forward elevation (159.1° vs 149.7°; P = .005), as well as significantly greater postoperative improvement in positive belly-press test results (P = .028). Complications occurred in 4 patients in group O and in 1 patient in group A. Conclusion: The study findings indicated that arthroscopic ST repair was more advantageous than open repair in terms of ROM and functional outcomes.

Endoscopic versus open in situ decompression for the management of cubital tunnel syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the results of endoscopic in situ decompression (EISD) versus open in situ decompression (OISD) in the management of cubital tunnel syndrome (CUTS). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 32 patients who underwent either OISD or EISD for the treatment of CUTS between 2012 and 2019 were identified and divided into one of the two groups: Group I consisted of 13 patients undergoing EISD and group II consisted of 19 patients receiving OISD. Patients were queried regarding the presence of preoperative and postoperative paresthesia. Electromyography (EMG) was performed on all patients preoperatively and at the final control. Preoperative and postoperative pain with palpation were evaluated over the cubital tunnel. The Dellon classification was used for preoperative evaluation of patient symptoms, and the Bishop classification was used for postoperative evaluation. Hand grip strength was measured with a dynamometer. At the preoperative and postoperative final follow-up, the palmar, key, and tip pinches were measured with a pinchmeter. The surgical incision length was measured with a ruler at the end of the operation in all patients. The operation duration was recorded as the time interval between the beginning of the incision and the end of the tourniquet. RESULTS: The overall mean age was 43.8 (range; 22 to 66) years. Nine patients were female, and 23 patients were male. No Dellon I patients were present in either group. Overall, 68.75% of the patients were Dellon II and 31.25% were Dellon III. According to the Bishop score, excellent and good results were obtained in 84.6% of the patients in Group I and 73.7% of the patients in Group II. The final follow-up examination found continued paraesthesia in 6 (18.75%) patients. Comparison of the improvement in the postoperative NCV value showed a statistically significantly superior improvement in Group I compared to Group II. The postoperative palmar pinch and tip pinch tests results were statistically significantly better in group I than in group II. CONCLUSION: Although EISD had better results clinically, no statistically significant difference was found between the two techniques in terms of Bishop scores and complications. Examination of the electrophysiological results suggested a better outcome in patients who underwent EISD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Therapeutic Study.

Comparison of biomechanical analysis of four different tibial tunnel fixations in a bovine model.

BACKGROUND: To determine the ideal fixation technique for an ACL reconstruction with a hamstring graft, multiple studies have been undertaken to define the initial biomechanical properties of tibial fixation. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of tibial fixation methods by creating single or hybrid systems. METHODS: Bovine tibias and forefoot digital extensor tendons were prepared with four different tibial anterior cruciate ligament fixation methods and compared biomechanically. Fixation materials included polyethylene Ultrabraid high-strength sutures, Biosure interference screws (Smith and Nephew, Memphis, TN, USA), staples (Smith and Nephew, Richards Regular Fixation Staples without Spikes, Memphis, TN, USA), and knotless suture anchors (Multifix-S PEEK) (Smith and Nephew, Memphis, TN, USA). Four groups (n = 5 specimens) were established - group I: single fixation with interference screws; group II: single fixation with knotless anchors; group III: hybrid fixation with interference screws and staples; group IV: hybrid fixation with interference screws and knotless anchors. Each specimen underwent evaluations for cyclic displacement, cyclic stiffness, initial loading strength, ultimate failure load, pull-out displacement, and pull-out stiffness. RESULTS: All specimens completed cyclic loading and load-to-failure. The cyclic displacement in group II, which had a single fixation, indicated significantly greater elongation compared with the other groups (P = 0.002). The hybrid systems were more rigid than the single systems in terms of cyclic stiffness, and no statistically significant difference was observed between the hybrid systems (P = 0.461). Group IV was significantly superior in terms of the ultimate failure load (P = 0.004). No statistically significant differences were noted between the groups for pull-out displacement or pull-out stiffness. CONCLUSION: Single fixation with bioscrews as an in-tunnel tibia fixation method was as successful as hybrid systems. Multifix-S PEEK knotless suture anchors, which can be combined with bioscrews, can be a superior fixation alternative due to its flexibility and ultimate failure load values.

Comparison of Treatment Options of Three- and Four-Part Humerus Proximal Fractures in Patients Over 50 Years of Age.

Introduction Our aim was to evaluate different treatment methods including conservative treatment (CT), locking-plate osteosynthesis (OS) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) in three- and four-part humeral fractures in patients older than 50 years. Methods Forty-seven patients that have at least one year of follow-up were divided into three groups: 18 patients treated with OS, 14 patients treated conservatively and 15 patients treated with HA. For further evaluation, constant shoulder score, disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score (DASH), American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score had been used. Shoulder range of motion was also assessed. Results OS and CT groups had better scores than HA group. In OS group, average Constant score was 71.6 ± 16.2, DASH score was 12.1 (5.2-24.2) and ASES score was 77.5 (50.8-96.6). In CT group, average Constant score was 69.6 ± 19.2, DASH score was 16.4 (12.5-36.7) and ASES score was 76.6 (45.4-87.9). DASH scores (p = 0.032), Constant scores (p = 0.001), forward elevation (p < 0.001), abduction (p < 0.001), internal (p = 0.022) and external rotation (p = 0.048) were significantly improved in OS and CT groups than HA group. Conclusions HA should not be considered a priority in surgical planning in Neer three-part and four-part proximal humerus fractures. CT is superior for patients with additional morbidity and advanced age. But in patients who are younger and can tolerate the surgical procedure, the priority should be OS.

The Safety and Efficacy of Using Drainage in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of not using a drain or placing a drain in the glenohumeral (GH) or subacromial (SA) joint spaces on fluid retention and pain in the early postoperative period and late clinical outcomes. METHODS: Patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between 2018 and 2020 were included in the study. Before the operation, demographic data, range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Constant-Murley scores has documented. Deltoid muscle diameter (DMD) were measured. The total amount of irrigation used during the surgery and the operation duration were recorded, and the active amount of fluid coming from the drain in patients with a drain was recorded. The first postoperative DMD measure was made in the operating room and accepted as day 0. DMD measurements repeated postoperative first and second day. VAS assessments were performed on the postoperative first and second days. At the outpatient clinic, these measurements were repeated on the first and second weeks after discharge. Functional evaluations were made with ROM and Constant-Murley scores at the final follow-up examination. RESULTS: There was no difference in the amount of drainage between the two groups in which a drain was used. When the three groups were compared among themselves regarding preoperative and postoperative VAS scores, Constant-Murley scores, and DMD, no significant difference was found. CONCLUSIONS: We do not recommend the routine use of drains after arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery in terms of cost-effectiveness. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II: Prospective Cohort Study.

A Practical Method for Obtaining True Lateral Elbow X-rays in a Paediatric Age Group: Lateral Elbow X-ray in the Standing Salute Position.

INTRODUCTION: Paediatric elbow fractures constitute 10% of all paediatric fractures. Radiological interpretation of the immature elbow is difficult due to its cartilaginous structure. We aimed to describe an X-ray technique in paediatric patients to obtain true lateral elbow X-rays and to prevent the repeat X-ray shots. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiographs of 39 children, with a mean age of 48.17 months (range; 7-84 months), with elbow trauma were included. All elbow lateral radiographs were taken in the 90º flexion position. In the first group, radiographs were taken using the standard technique(lateral radiographs in shoulder internal rotation). In the second group, lateral radiographs of the elbow were taken while the patient was standing and the forearm was elevated passively with 90° shoulder abduction and 90° elbow flexion (standing salute position). Three criteria were examined from the graphs to determine the true lateral elbow graphy. RESULTS: In group 1 (n = 20) and group 2 (n = 19), lateral elbow radiographs were evaluated. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups, in terms of mean age and distal humeral fractures. In group 2; the presence of humeroulnar joint space, partial coronoid superposition of the radius head and presence of the hourglass formation were significantly higher. DISCUSSION: It is clear that radiographs taken in appropriate positions decreases diagnostic errors. In our study, the ratio of correct lateral radiographs was significantly higher in the radiograph group in the standing salute position, suggesting this method was safe for accurate lateral radiographs, in accordance with our hypothesis.

Partial Capitate Shortening Osteotomy and Its Impact on Lunate Revascularization: Mid-Term Results.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of Kienböck disease is still a clinical challenge. The treatment used in each instance is decided according to stage of the disease at presentation. Good clinical and radiological results could be obtained with partial capitate shortening osteotomy. However, mid-term results of this technique and its effect on lunate revascularization are not well known. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to report our results of partial capitate shortening osteotomy in the treatment of stage II and IIIA Kienböck disease. METHODS: Ten patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 37.7 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 9.6). Patients were evaluated clinically in terms of range of motion, DASH and VAS scores, satisfaction with the outcome, and grip/tip/palmar/key pinch strength compared to the contralateral side. Radiological evaluation consisted of Lichtman staging on plain radiographs and lunate revascularization on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at both preoperative and postoperative evaluations. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was 55.2 (SD = 24) months. The mean DASH and VAS scores were 14.3 (SD = 6.7) and 1.5 (SD = 1.3), respectively. For patient satisfaction, the mean score was 3.6 (SD = 0.6). The Lichtman stage of 7 patients remained unchanged. Lunate revascularization was detected with MRI in 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of patients in the study prevents more strict conclusions, our results are promising, and the technique presented offers minimally but observable lunate revascularization and high success rates in preventing the progression of the disease.

HISTORIQUE: Le traitement de la maladie de Kienböck demeure un défi clinique. Dans chaque situation, le traitement dépend de la phase de la maladie à la consultation. On peut obtenir de bons résultats cliniques et radiologiques grâce à une ostéotomie partielle de raccourcissement du capitatum. On connaît toutefois mal les résultats à moyen terme de cette technique et ses effets sur la revascularisation de l'os semi-lunaire. OBJECTIFS: La présente étude visait à rendre compte des résultats de l'ostéotomie partielle de raccourcissement du capitatum dans le traitement de la maladie de Kienböck de stade II et IIIA. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Dix patients d'un âge moyen de 37,7 ans (ÉT 9,6) ont participé à l'étude. Les chercheurs ont évalué l'amplitude de mouvement de ces patients, leurs scores DASH et VAS, leur satisfaction envers les résultats et leur force de préhension des doigts, de la paume et de la pince sub-termino-latérale par rapport au côté controlatéral. Ils ont procédé à une évaluation radiologique préopératoire et postopératoire au moyen de la classification de Lichtman par radiographie classique et de la revascularisation de l'os semi-lunaire par imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM). RÉSULTATS: Le suivi avait une durée moyenne de 55,2 mois (ÉT 24). Les scores DASH et VAS moyens s'élevaient à 14,3 (ÉT 6,7) et à 1,5 (ÉT 1,3), respectivement. Le score moyen de satisfaction des patients était de 3,6 (ÉT 0,6). Le stade de Lichtman de sept patients est demeuré stable. Chez 6 patients, l'IRM a révélé une revascularisation de l'os semi-lunaire. CONCLUSIONS: Même si le peu de patients à l'étude empêche les auteurs de tirer des conclusions plus rigoureuses, les résultats sont prometteurs. La technique utilisée entraîne une revascularisation de l'os semi-lunaire minime, mais observable, et empêche l'évolution de la maladie dans une grande proportion des cas.

Sanders type 3-4 calcaneal fractures fixed with locking plate: does tri-cortical iliac bone autograft provide extra benefit for stabilization?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether tri-cortical iliac bone autografting provided extra benefit for the stabilization in Sanders Type 3-4 calcaneal fractures fixed with locking plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 29 calcaneal fractures (Sanders Type 3/4=15/14). All fractures were fixed with locking plate using the extended lateral approach. Bone grafts were used in 16 (Group A; Sanders Type 3/4=7/9) and not used in 13 (Group B; Sanders Type 3/4=8/5) calcaneal fractures. As a grafting material, only tri-cortical iliac crest bone autograft was used. All operations were performed by the same surgeon. The same locking plate was used in all fractures. Calcaneal height and angle of Bohler and Gissane were measured in early postoperative and final control radiographs in both groups. Clinical evaluations were performed using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle hind foot scale. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical results. Radiologically, the degree of change in Bohler's angle, Gissane's angle, and calcaneal height was not different between the groups. CONCLUSION: Bone grafting does not affect the clinical and radiologic outcomes in Sanders Type 3-4 calcaneal fractures fixed with locking plate, and they provide no extra benefit to the stabilization. We think that fixation using locking plate is adequate and there is no need for bone grafting.

Linburg-Comstock: Is Overuse an Etiological Factor?

BACKGROUND: Linburg-Comstock anomaly is typically defined as a tenosynovial interconnection between flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus tendon of the second finger. There are several studies stating that the current anomaly is congenital or acquired. The aim of this study is to reveal whether overuse, which is mostly reported as an acquired etiologic factor, effective in development of the current anomaly. METHODS: Three hundred thirteen medical secretaries who work with computer keyboard at least 6 hours a day were defined as study group. Three hundred twenty-three volunteers without jobs who necessitate continuous and repetitive hand and finger activities were defined as control group. All individuals were examined by an orthopaedic surgeon. Additionally, cases with Linburg-Comstock anomaly were evaluated in respect of forearm pain and subjective findings of carpal tunnel syndrome. RESULTS: Linburg-Comstock anomaly was determined in 27.8% cases of medical secretary group and in 32.2% of healthy control group. In medical secretaries with Linburg-Comstock anomaly, 25.3% had forearm pain and 5.7% had findings of carpal tunnel syndrome. In control group with Linburg-Comstock anomaly, 21.2% had forearm pain and 13.5% had findings of carpal tunnel syndrome. No relationship was found between overuse of the hand and Linburg-Comstock anomaly and the symptoms accompanying the anomaly. CONCLUSIONS: The current study reveals that overuse is not an etiologic factor in Linburg-Comstock anomaly existence and related symptoms. We think that the current anomaly develops on congenital basis rather than acquired factors.

HISTORIQUE: En général, le syndrome de Linburg-Comstock désigne une interconnexion ténosynoviale entre le tendon long fléchisseur et le tendon fléchisseur profond de l'index. Selon plusieurs études, cette anomalie est congénitale ou acquise. La présente étude visait à déterminer si la surutilisation, surtout considérée comme un facteur étiologique acquis, contribue à l'apparition de cette anomalie. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les chercheurs ont sélectionné un groupe d'étude composé de 313 secrétaires médicales qui saisissaient des données au moins six heures par jour. Le groupe témoin était formé de 323 volontaires n'occupant pas un emploi exigeant des activités répétitives et continues des mains et des doigts. Un chirurgien orthopédique les a tous examinés. De plus, les chercheurs ont évalué les syndromes de Linburg-Comstock en fonction de la douleur de l'avant-bras et des observations subjectives de syndrome du canal carpien. RÉSULTATS: Les chercheurs ont constaté la présence d'un syndrome de Linburg-Comstock chez 27,8 % des secrétaires médicales et 32,2 % des sujets du groupe témoin. Chez les secrétaires médicales atteintes de ce syndrome, 25,3 % souffraient de douleurs à l'avant-bras et 5,7 % présentaient des constatations de syndrome du canal carpien. Quant aux sujets du groupe témoin ayant l'anomalie, 21,2 % souffraient de douleurs à l'avant-bras et 13,5 % présentaient des constatations de syndrome du canal carpien. Les chercheurs n'ont remarqué aucun lien entre la surutilisation de la main, le syndrome de Linburg-Comstock et les symptômes connexes. CONCLUSIONS: La présente étude révèle que la surutilisation n'est pas un facteur étiologique du syndrome de Linburg-Comstock et des symptômes connexes. Les auteurs croient qu'il s'agit d'une anomalie congénitale et d'un problème non acquis.