Anxiety and depression prior to total knee arthroplasty are associated with worse pain and subjective function: A prospective comparative study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preoperative anxiety and depression on subjective function, pain and revision rates following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: A prospective comparative study was conducted, including 349 patients undergoing TKA surgery between January 2019 and April 2021. Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire preoperatively, and a set of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) preoperatively and at 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Patients were categorized into anxiety and depression groups based on HADS scores. PROMs included the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Shortform (KOOS-PS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and NRS-Pain. Differences in PROM scores between the anxiety/depression group and, respectively, nonanxiety/nondepression group were assessed, as well as differences in minimal clinical important difference (MCID) and attainment of Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS). Lastly, revision rates were compared. RESULTS: Anxiety and depression groups exhibited inferior subjective function preoperatively and postoperatively compared to nonanxiety and nondepression groups (all p < 0.05), experienced more pain preoperatively (p < 0.001) and also postoperatively for depression patients (all p < 0.05). Significantly fewer patients with anxiety and depression reached the PASS for KOOS-PS, OKS and NRS-Pain (all p < 0.05). There were no differences in the proportion of patients reaching the MCID for all PROMs (all p > 0.060), and revision rates did not differ between groups (both p > 0.96). CONCLUSION: Preoperative anxiety and depression negatively influence subjective function and pain preoperatively and up to 2-year follow-up in patients undergoing TKA. Revision rates did not differ between groups, and there were no relevant differences in clinical improvement of subjective function and pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective comparative study.

The mind matters: Psychological factors influence subjective outcomes following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty-A prospective study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate how psychological factors, including pain catastrophizing (PC), anxiety and depression affect preoperative and postoperative subjective outcomes in patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). METHODS: A prospective comparative study was performed among 150 patients undergoing medial or lateral UKA for isolated unicompartmental osteoarthritis. Patients were categorized based on their preoperative PC and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, stratifying them into groups with PC, anxiety or depression, and those without these psychological factors. Patient-reported outcomes, including the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical function Short form (KOOS-PS), 5-level EQ5D Visual Analogue Scale (EQ5D-VAS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) and Numeric Rating Scale for pain (NRS-pain) were compared between groups preoperatively and at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. RESULTS: At 24 months, PC patients had inferior outcomes in KOOS-PS (66.9 ± 16.5 vs. 77.6 ± 14.7, p = .008), EQ5D-VAS (63.5 ± 19.9 vs. 78.9 ± 20.1, p = .003) and FJS (73.7 ± 14.3 vs. 84.6 ± 13.8, p = .003). Anxiety was associated with inferior KOOS-PS (65.4 ± 15.2 vs. 78.2 ± 14.5, p = <.001), EQ5D-VAS (64.2 ± 23.2 vs. 79.3 ± 19.4, p = .002), FJS (75.7 ± 16.8 vs. 84.6 ± 13.4, p = .008) and NRS-pain (27.4 ± 24.6 vs. 13.7 ± 19.3, p = .023) at 24 months. Depression consistently resulted in inferior outcomes in KOOS-PS, EQ5D-VAS, FJS and NRS-pain across all follow-up assessments (p = <.05). Additionally, patients with anxiety and depression experienced longer length of hospital stay compared to those without these psychological factors (anxiety: 2.3 ± 2.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.8 days, p = .006; depression: 2.3 ± 2.4 vs. 0.8 ± 0.8 days, p = .017). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative PC, anxiety and depression are associated with inferior subjective outcomes both prior to and following UKA. Among these factors, depression seemed to exert the most substantial adverse impact on outcomes following UKA. Patients with anxiety and depression had an extended duration of hospitalization lasting over twice as long as patients without these psychological factors. It seems that inferior outcomes primarily stem from the suboptimal preoperative condition rather than an inherent inability to benefit from UKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective study.

Ten-Year Survival Rate of 82% in 262 Cases of Arthroscopic Bone Marrow Stimulation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus.

BACKGROUND: The long-term sustainability of arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (BMS) for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) remains a matter of debate. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the 10-year survival free from revision in ankles that had undergone arthroscopic BMS for an OLT. The secondary aim was to evaluate the influence of baseline patient and lesion characteristics on survival. METHODS: Patients who underwent arthroscopic BMS for a symptomatic OLT and had a minimum follow-up of 10 years were included to assess procedure survival. The primary outcome, the 10-year cumulative survival rate, was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier survival method. Secondary outcomes were the median time to revision and the effects of baseline factors (lesion size, primary or non-primary lesion type, preoperative cysts, and obesity as defined by a body mass index [BMI] of ≥30 kg/m2) on survival, analyzed with a Cox regression model and reported using hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS: The 262 included patients had a mean follow-up of 15.3 ± 4.8 years. The 10-year cumulative survival rate of the arthroscopic BMS procedures was 82% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77% to 87%). At 15 years of follow-up, the cumulative survival rate was 82% (95% CI: 76% to 86%). The median time to revision was 2.4 years (interquartile range: 1.3 to 5.1 years). Of the baseline factors, obesity (HR: 3.0 [95% CI: 1.44 to 6.43], p < 0.01) was associated with decreased survival. Lesion size (HR: 0.9 [95% CI: 0.5 to 1.8], p = 0.8), non-primary lesion type (HR: 1.8 [95% CI: 0.9 to 3.4], p = 0.1), and the presence of preoperative cysts (HR: 1.0 [95% CI: 0.6 to 1.9], p = 0.9) were not significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: At a minimum follow-up of 10 years, the survival rate of arthroscopic BMS for OLT was 82%. At 15 and 20 years of follow-up, survival appeared to remain stable. Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was associated with a higher likelihood of revision surgery. This risk factor should be incorporated into the treatment algorithm for OLT when counseling patients regarding surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Trauma-induced spontaneous union of a talar osteochondritis dissecans: case report.

We encountered a case of an 18-year-old woman with persisting ankle pain after a healed Weber-B fracture. Additional imaging through a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a fully united fragmentous osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) (17 â€‹mm â€‹× â€‹9 â€‹mm â€‹× â€‹8 â€‹mm) of the right ankle-as opposed to a non-united OLT when the fracture was diagnosed 19 months prior to the presentation. Our proven hypothesis is that the fragmented OLT was non-symptomatic for many years, based on an osteochondritis dissecans. The ipsilateral ankle trauma induced a fresh fracture in the interface between the talus and the fragmented OLT, and consequently the destabilized fragmented OLT became symptomatic. The ankle trauma initiated fracture healing that resulted in a complete union of the OLT without clinical symptoms. The existing symptoms were established to be based on anterior osseous ankle impingement, due to the presence of osseous fragments in the medial gutter of the ankle joint. Therefore, a nettoyage of the medial gutter including a resection of the corpora libera from the medial gutter with the shaver was performed. Intraoperative macroscopic assessment of the medial osteochondritis dissecans was performed and showed union with completely intact hyaline cartilage at the level of the surrounding articular cartilage requiring no interventions. An increased range of motion was achieved. The patient recovered well with and experienced no more recognizable pain. In this article, the unstable fragmentous lesion of the patient reached spontaneous union within 19 months after destabilization. Although this is not common for an unstable fragmentous OLT, this could be a stepping stone toward an increased role of conservative treatment for fragmentary OLTs.

Operative results after xiphoidectomy in patients with xiphodynia.

BACKGROUND: Xiphodynia, the painful xiphoid process, is a rare condition with an atypical presentation. Symptoms differ in severity and site, and can consist of chest, throat, and upper abdominal pain. Primarily, other more severe causes of these symptoms need to be excluded. After this exclusion as xiphodynia is diagnosed, treatment can consist of a multitude of options, since there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes and efficacy of one of the options, namely surgical resection of the xiphoid in patients with xiphodynia. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, all consecutive patients that underwent xiphoidectomy for xiphodynia between January 2014 and December 2017 were included. Patients' medical files including pre-operative work up, NRS scores, surgical outcomes, and follow up were reviewed. All patients received a questionnaire with follow-up questions. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients were included. None of the patients had surgery-related complications. Response rate of the questionnaire was 84% and showed that 94% of patients had an improvement of complaints after surgery, with 10 patients (63%) being totally pain free, after a mean follow-up from 34 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Xiphoidectomy is feasible and safe for the treatment of patients with xiphodynia with an improvement of complaints in nearly all patients.