Proliferation and differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells: differences between the preperitoneal and subcutaneous compartments.

Human adipocyte precursor cells (APC) have been characterized in their proliferation and differentiation potential from subcutaneous, omental, and mesenteric depots, mostly from morbidly obese patients. Cells from the preperitoneal adipose compartment have not been characterized yet, least of all when obtained from normal weight subjects. The aim was to compare proliferation and differentiation of subcutaneous (SC) and preperitoneal (PP) APC derived from adipose tissue in healthy subjects with different body mass. SC and PP adipose tissue was obtained during surgery of inguinal hernias in five healthy non-obese subjects and three obese otherwise healthy men. APC, obtained by collagenase digestion, were cultured. Proliferation was assayed by cell counting and differentiation by oil red O staining and flow cytometry using Nile Red staining. Proliferation of SC was higher than PP APC. Such differences between both compartments were even higher in APC obtained from obese patients. Conversely PP APC differentiated earlier in vitro compared with SC cells. These results agree with published data on fat cell proliferation. However regarding differentiation, our data show that APC from deeper depots (in this case PP) differentiate earlier than subcutaneous APC. This is different to previous studies performed in mesenteric or omental adipose tissue.

[A critical study of the influence of negative symptoms on the therapeutic response in schizophrenia]. / Estudio crítico de la influencia de los síntomas negativos en la respuesta terapeútica de la esquizofrenia.

INTRODUCTION: The schizophrenia is considered an heterogeneous disorder which phenomenological differences could to point to etiopathogenic differences. Negative symptoms are associated with poor treatment response. In the last year different operative criteria of the "refractory treatment" concept has been developed. The association between negative schizophrenic symptoms and neuroleptic treatment response is studied. METHOD: An open cross-sectioned design is made. 50 schizophrenics (DSM III-R criteria) inpatients are divided into 2 groups: one of 25 treatment-refractory schizophrenics (defined as Kane criteria, modified), and a second group of 25 treatments-responders schizophrenics. Negative symptoms are evaluated by the SANS into the five days before the hospital discharge. RESULTS: The two groups showed differences in the number of hospital income and total length of stay (p < 0.01). There were no differences in the subscales: "alogia", "affective flattening" and "attention impairments", although differences were found in "anhedonia-asociality" and "avolition-apathy" subscales (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Association between negative symptoms-poor outcome is issued. Possible relation between "anhedonia-asociality" and "avolition-apathy" added to social dimension with refractoriness to treatment is suggested.