[Deliberate medication poisoning in adolescence as a medical and socially significant problem].

One of the urgent medical and social problems of modern society is the steady growth of auto-aggressive behavior and deliberate medication poisoning among adolescents and young adults. This investigation was held to optimize the provision of specialized medical care for acute deliberate self-poisoning in teenagers. We examined 498 patients admitted to the Toxicology Department of N. F. Filatov Children City Clinical Hospital No. 13 with a diagnosis of acute deliberate medication poisoning. The diagnosis was confirmed by chemical and toxicological urine test using thin-layer chromatography. From 2016 to 2018 the number of patients with deliberate medication poisoning increased by more than 2.5 times and amounted to 236 cases. Female patients were prevalent and accounted for up to 85% of cases. The leading position among medication self-poisoning is held by psychopharmacological drugs at 56%, in second place are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at 18.5%. The main causes of self-poisoning were social or family conflicts (47%), problems at school (35%), and Internet-related complaints (18%). The clinical manifestations of the disease in the acute period of chemical poisoning depended on the toxic agent and the dose taken. Psychological testing revealed a high level of neuroticism in 71% of adolescents, severe anxiety was observed in 57% of patients, and depression was diagnosed in 28% of cases. All patients were provided specialized medical care, including resuscitation, detoxification, and psychiatrist examination. Based on the accumulated clinical experience, an algorithm for managing adolescents with deliberate medication poisoning has been developed, which has reduced the number of repeated suicides by 1.8 times.

[MONITORING OF HEMODYNAMICS IN THE CHOICE OF INTENSIVE THERAPY IN THE OPERATED INFANTS].

Noninvasive monitoring in obtaining important and reliable information relevant to pediatric practices, not only in respect of dangers and complications of most invasive techniques, but also because a number of them difficult or even impossible in infants. The aim of this study was to estimate the significance of hemodynamic parameters and capabilities of ECHO and dophlercardiography for analyzing violations hemodynamics in primary diagnosis and conduct drug therapy in infants. The study included the results of a survey of 65 infants aged from 29 to 39 weeks with various surgical pathology, who received the various options the hemodynamic support. In the initial assessment and selecting tactics of therapy for hemodynamic analysis carried out routine monitoring and for evaluation of cardiac contractility used echo- and Doppler exams. All children have pointed out a number of significant changes of haemodynamics, that has required inotropic therapy with dopamine (64% of children with diaphragmatic hernia received additional dobutamine). Validation of expressed pulmonary hypertension children appointed sildenafil, and in the absence ofthe effect used nitrous oxide. Hemodynamic monitoring allows to monitor the status of circulation on the background of the treatment and to make timely changes to the script therapy.

[THE USE OF 20% LIPOFUNDIN INFUSIONS AT THE APPEARANCE OF TOXIC PROPERTIES OF ROPIVACAINE 2 MG/ML IN CHILD 1.5 MONTHS AT THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD WITH EPIDURAL ANALGESIA].

Introduction of local anesthetic proved application of epidural (EP) as an effective and safe way of an analgesia in intra- and the post-operational period and now it is widely applied at children of all age groups (1). However there is a number of contraindications for application of this type of an analgesia. At children till 6 months lower dosages of a ropivacain of 2 mg/kg are applied, considering their age features. At the phenomena of system toxicity infusion of 20% lipofundin is applied. The child has an age 1.5 months, weight 5230 g, with the diagnosis a cystous dysplasia of both kidneys, a megaureter at the left and on the right, lack offunction of the left kidney operation a laparoscopic nefrureterektomia is executed at the left. In the postoperative period at application of EP of an analgesia ofropivacain 2 mg/ml by a drop way introduction in a standard dosage of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight an hour the repeating episodes of convulsions which were regarded as manifestation of toxic properties of local anesthetic were noted. Infusion of 20% lipofundin of 15 ml (2.8 ml/kg of body weight) within 30 minutes with a positive effect was applied. EP an analgesia was recoloured.

[Sliding traсheal plasty in children under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (first experience in Russia)].

AIM: To improve the results of surgical treatment of children with extended tracheal stenosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 2013 slidingtraсheal plasty under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed in 4 children aged 1 year 2 months - 4.5 years with extended tracheal stenosis in Children's City Clinical Hospital №13. Patients' weight was from 10,5 to 16 kg. Extended tracheal stenosis and complete cartilag inousrings were confirmed in all patients after peoperative survey. Indications for surgery were based on medical history data, the severity of respiratory failure and survey data. Sliding traсheal plasty by different approach esunder extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was applied in all patients. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative complications. In the study group 1 patient died in remote postoperative period after discharge due to deterioration of his condition caused by upper respiratory tract infection and acute respiratory failure. In immediate postoperative period 1 patient had pronounced growth of granulation tissue in the area of anastomosis followed laser photocoagulation and prolonged intubation. The average ICU-stay was 24 days, the duration of mechanical ventilation - 11 days. Follow-up carefor patients was conducted on terms of 4-6 and 12 months after surgery. In 2 patients moderate complaints of recurrent bronchitis without signs of respiratory insufficiency during 6-8 months postoperatively were observed. In one child complaints were completely absent.

[EPIDURAL ANALGESIA FOR INTRAOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE IN NEWBORNS].

Anesthesia care in newborns has to be complex, balanced and safe. Nowadays epidural analgesia (EA) in neonates during intra- and postoperative period is widely used in Russia. Modern EA techniques imply the installation of a catheter into epidural space at lumbar or thoracic level as well as different approach to local anesthetics dosage. Newborns have special anatomy, physiology and pharmacodynamics which have to be taken in mind when EA is used. At the present moment Ropivacine (2 mg/ml) is approved for peripheral nerve blocks in newborns.

[Postoperative analgesia after thoracoscopic surgeries in pediatric patients].

Postoperative pain after thoracic surgeries is characterized by intensity and long duration. The intensity of pain can be moderate or strongly expressed, the duration various from one day to months and years either after thoracotomy (TT) or thoracoscopy (TS). Pain relief is one of the most important problems of postoperative period. Adequate analgesia, lung function and temperate sedation, ventilation must be provided against the general disease, surgical injury and one-lung ventilation. TS is a less invasive method therefore pain syndrome is not very strong. There are several methods of postoperative analgesia in Pediatric patients; however the choice is limited by the patient's age. Postoperative analgesia in Pediatric patients can be provided by narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics, neuraxial anesthesia: multimodal approach is widely used. Postoperative pain after TS needs adequate analgesia for implications prevention and to reduce the duration of hospital stay.

[Use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in 14 months old child with acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia].

UNLABELLED: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is used in pediatric patients with ARDS in recent 20 years with survival rate from 50 to 67% Venovenous ECLS was used in 1 year 2 months old patient with ARDS and pneumonia developed in postoperative period after gastral esophagoplasty. Purposes of ECLS use were stabilization child's condition and normalization of gas composition of blood with relative lungs repose. Indications for ECLS were increasing respiratory failure, hypoxemia, low respiratory index (PaO2/FiO2 ratio 47.3), alveolar-arterial gradient of oxygen (A-aDO) 630 mmHg and absence of positive effect from high frequency oscillation (HFO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: ECLS was used in 1 year 2 months old patient with ARDS and bilateral pneumonia developed in postoperative period after gastral esophagoplasty. Deltasteam system (Medos Medizintechnik AG, Germany) with centrifugal pump and servoregulation of blood flow pressure was used for ECLS. Double-lumen cannula with size 12 French was used ECLS was instituted via right internal jugular vein. RESULTS: The patient did not have expressed heart failure. Thus preference was given to venovenous ECLS and not to venoarterial ECLS. Duration of ECLS use was 72 hours. Auscultation parameters and gas exchange improved haemodynamics stabilized parameters of biochemical and haematological analysis normalized and the dynamics x-ray examination was positive after the ECLS use. Patient was decannulated and extubated. CONCLUSIONS: Venovenous ECLS was an only way of life support in child with heavy ARDS and pneumonia developed in postoperative period More observations are needed for more thorough analysis and recommendations.

[High-frequency oscillatory lung ventilation in neonatal infants with surgical diseases].

The paper presents data on the varieties and modes of the present artificial ventilation and high-frequency artificial ventilation (AV). It describes the basic impact of various ventilation modes on gas exchange, hemodynamics, and mechanical lung properties. The data on the use of high-frequency AV in neonatal infants with various surgical diseases are given. Its place and indications in malformations, such as diaphragmatic hernia and esophageal atresia, are defined. High-frequency oscillatory AV may be recommended for use as an alternative method in the treatment of respiratory failure in neonates with difuse lung lesion and in those with congenital surgical diseases when it is impossible to ensure adequate gas exchange.