Latest Concepts in the Endodontic Management of Kidney Patients.

Doubtlessly, kidney patients present a common challenge in endodontic practice, so specialists in this field should know and follow several key points regarding this group of medically compromised patients. This review paper aims to explain kidney disease and its complications, as well as notify and discuss the latest concepts on anesthesia, pain management, antibiotic prophylaxis/stewardship, and the risk of viral diseases for these patients, and also the oral manifestations of kidney diseases that may guide endodontists to diagnose kidney intervention and prevent hazardous consequences that may happen during or following endodontic practice on these patients. For this purpose, relevant keywords were searched on Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science to find published papers from 1980 to July 2023. Based on the quality, validity, and novelty 57 published articles were selected to provide this review to notify the most important concepts and considerations regarding endodontic management of kidney patients. Overall, it is concluded that training and education of general dentists, as well as endodontic specialists with strong technical, scientific, human, and moral knowledge about kidney patients, with emphasis on the philosophy of prevention of common dangerous systemic consequences originating from endodontic treatments, is the responsibility of dental schools in undergraduate as well as post-graduate programs.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Performance of Iranian Endodontists to Patients with Kidney Diseases.

OBJECTIVE: The high prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the community, especially in older patients, makes their management an important aspect of clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge attitudes and performance of Iranian endodontists regarding patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study involved 100 Iranian endodontists (41 M, 59 F), who completed questionnaires with 21 items on CKD. Responses were analyzed by SPSS, using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Overall levels of knowledge were rated as optimal in 55% of subjects, while attitudes to care were favourable in 83%. This cohort of specialist clinicians had strong scores for optimal attitude and performance. Awareness of issues around prescribed analgesics, antibiotic cover, bleeding risk and hypertension was high. Proximity to specialist training (younger specialists, and less years in practice) and female gender were associated with significantly higher scores across the three domains measured. CONCLUSION: Most specialists were aware of requirements for safe care of dental patients with CKD. Continuing professional education should target older clinicians who may have had less exposure to formal training in this topic during their clinical training. (EEJ-2022-04-059).

The effect of silver nanoparticles on learning and memory in rodents: "a systematic review".

BACKGROUND: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in medicine owing to their antiseptic activity and inducing cell death. Despite AgNPs' importance in nano-engineering and medical benefits, animal studies have shown silver toxicity can damage multiple organs such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, intestines, and brain. Several investigations revealed the correlation between Ag administration by different methods with impaired cognitive and behavioral abilities. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to conclude on the existing evidence of impairments in learning and memory that were changed in rodents exposed to AgNPs. METHODS: Main searches were retrieved in Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases from 1979 to 2022. Eligibility Criteria were applied to select and extract 15 articles among 892. RESULTS: Learning and memory abilities of rats and mice in screened studies were evaluated with MWM, NORT, PAL, T-maze, Y-maze, contextual fear conditioning, Radial Arm Maze and Carousel Maze test. Data have shown various sizes from 10 to 100 nm could affect the results of tests among animals exposed to AgNPs compared with control animals. However, in some treatments, results achieved from tests have not demonstrated significant differences between control and treated groups. CONCLUSION: Studies have revealed that treatment with Ag-NPs of different sizes can impair learning and memory skills in rats and mice.