Prognostic value of hyperglycemia on-admission in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Tunisia.

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia on-admission is a powerful predictor of adverse events in patients presenting for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). AIM: In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic value of hyperglycemia on-admission in Tunisian patients presenting with STEMI according to their diabetic status. METHODS: Patients presenting to our center between January 1998 and September 2014 were enrolled. Hyperglycemia was defined as a glucose level ≥11mmol/L. In-hospital prognosis was studied in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The predictive value for mortality of glycemia level on-admission was assessed by mean of the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve calculation. RESULTS: A total of 1289 patients were included. Mean age was 60.39±12.8years and 977 (77.3%) patients were male. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 70.2% and 15.2% in patients presenting with and without hyperglycemia, respectively (p<0.001). In univariate analysis, hyperglycemia was associated to in-hospital death in diabetic (OR: 8.85, 95% CI: 2.11-37.12, p<0.001) and non-diabetic patients (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.39-4.74, p=0.002). In multivariate analysis, hyperglycemia was independently predictive of in-hospital death in diabetic patients (OR: 9.6, 95% CI: 2.18-42.22, p=0.003) but not in non-diabetic patients (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 0.97-3.86, p=0.06). Area under ROC curve of glycemia as a predictor of in-hospital death was 0.792 in diabetic and 0.676 in non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: In patients presenting with STEMI, hyperglycemia was associated to hospital death in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, hyperglycemia was independently associated to in-hospital death in diabetic but not in non-diabetic patients.

Prevalence and prognostic significance of anemia in patients presenting for ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a Tunisian center.

BACKGROUND: Anemia on admission is a powerful predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients presenting for acute coronary syndromes. We sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic impact of anemia in patients presenting for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: We analyzed data from a Tunisian retrospective single center STEMI registry. Patients were enrolled between January 1998 and October 2014. Anemic and nonanemic patients were compared for clinical and prognostic features and according to four prespecified hemoglobin level subgroups. In patients with severe anemia, factors associated with in-hospital death were studied. RESULTS: A total of 1498 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 60.47 ± 12.7 years and prevalence of anemia was 36.6%. Anemic patients were more likely to be elderly, hypertensive, and diabetic in comparison to nonanemic patients. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in anemic patients (14.9% vs. 5%, p < 0.001). Lower hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of heart failure on admission, cardiogenic shock, and in-hospital mortality (p < 0.001 for all). In univariate analysis, factors associated with in-hospital death in patients with severe anemia were hypertension (p = 0.044), heart failure on admission (p < 0.001), renal failure on admission (p < 0.001), and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) use (p = 0.016). The absence of pPCI use was independently associated with in-hospital death in multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 2.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-4.76, p = 0.033). CONCLUSION: According to this study, anemic patients presenting for STEMI have a higher in-hospital mortality rate. The absence of pPCI use was independently associated with in-hospital death.

Clinical features and prognosis of infective endocarditis in children: Insights from a Tunisian multicentre registry.

BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare condition in the paediatric setting. No data on the epidemiology and prognosis of IE in children are available from North African countries. AIM: To investigate the epidemiological profile and prognosis of IE in children in Tunisia. METHODS: All patients aged≤18 years presenting with IE in three Tunisian tertiary care centres between January 1997 and September 2013 were included. Clinical features and 30-day and 6-month mortality rates were studied. Factors predictive of death at 6-month follow-up were determined. RESULTS: A total of 73 patients were included in the present study. The mean age was 12±4.8 years; 35 (50.7%) patients were male. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) was the underlying heart disease in 17 (23.3%) cases and IE occurred in a structurally normal heart in 36 (49.3%) cases. Staphylococcus species were isolated in 17 (23.3%) cases. Regarding IE localization, the mitral valve was involved in 28 (38.4%) cases and the aortic valve in 14 (19.2%) cases. Recourse to surgery was reported in 37 (50.7%) cases. Thirty-day and 6-month mortality rates were 13.6% and 19.2%, respectively. Heart failure on admission or during the hospital course, acute renal failure and neurological complications were significantly associated with death at 6-month follow-up in the univariate analysis and after adjustment for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: In the Tunisian context, IE in children is still characterized by the high prevalence of RHD as an underlying heart disease. Short- and long-term mortality rates remain high. Heart failure, acute renal failure and neurological complications are significantly associated with death at 6-month follow-up.

Risk profile and in-hospital prognosis in elderly patients presenting for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the Tunisian context.

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the risk profile and in-hospital prognosis of elderly patients presenting for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Tunisia. We sought to determine in-hospital prognosis of elderly patients with STEMI in a Tunisian center. METHODS: The study was carried out on a retrospective registry enrolling 1403 patients presenting with STEMI in a Tunisian center between January 1998 and January 2013. Patients ≥75 years old were considered elderly. Risk factors and in-hospital prognosis were compared between elderly and younger patients, and then predictive factors of in-hospital death were determined in elderly patients. RESULTS: Out of the overall population, 211 (15%) were part of the elderly group. Compared to younger patients, elderly patients were more likely to have arterial hypertension but less likely to be smokers and obese. Thrombolysis was significantly less utilized in the elderly group (22.3% vs. 36.6% in the younger group, p<0.001), whereas the use primary percutaneous coronary intervention was comparable between the two sub-groups (24.2% vs. 28.8%, p=0.17). The incidence of in-hospital complications was higher in the elderly group, and so was the in-hospital mortality rate (14.2% vs. 8.1%, p=0.005). Heart failure on-admission, renal failure on-admission, and inotropic agents use were independently associated to in-hospital death in the elderly group. CONCLUSIONS: In the Tunisian context, elderly patients presenting with STEMI have higher prevalence of risk factors and a worse in-hospital course in comparison to younger patients. Clinical presentation on-admission has a strong impact on in-hospital prognosis.