RESUMEN
We studied the effect of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene and 2R/3R polymorphisms of the TYMS gene on the sensitivity to methotrexate in patients with psoriasis (n=139). It was shown that genotype 3R/3R TYMS (OR 8.86, 95%CI 2.00-39.22) and complex genotypes MTHFR1298:A;TYMS:3R (OR 8.20, 95%CI 2.36-28.48) and MTHFR677:C;TYMS:3R (OR 5.40, 95%CI 1.95-14.94) were associated with sensitivity to methotrexate, while genotype 2R/2R TYMS (OR 8.20, 95%CI 2.36-28.48) and complex genotypes MTHFR1298:C;MTHFR677:T;TYMS:2R (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.06-0.56) and MTHFR1298:C;MTHFR677:T (OR 0.23, 95%CI 0.09-0.59) were associated with resistance to methotrexate. The results can be used for preventive assessment of the effectiveness of methotrexate treatment in patients with psoriasis.
Asunto(s)
Metotrexato , Psoriasis , Marcadores Genéticos , Genotipo , Humanos , Metotrexato/uso terapéutico , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2)/genética , Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Psoriasis/genética , Timidilato Sintasa/genéticaRESUMEN
Gene c11orf72 (also known as FLJ90834) included in human gene reference list was previously predicted on the basis oftranscriptome analysis. We show that c11orf72 predicted protein coding open reading frame is specific for human genome and that it is absent from DNAs of other investigated primate species (chimpanzee, macaque). For the first time, we systematically analyzed c11orf72 expression in five normal and two cancerous human tissues (testicles, heart, brain, lung, bladder, bladder tumor and testicular tumor) and found no transcriptional activity there. Promoter of c11orf72, located close to promoter of a housekeeping gene NDUFV1, has shown high methylation level, whereas NDUFV1 promoter was almost free from methylation. The protein product for cllorf72 was analyzed using heterologous expression in human cell lines NT2/D1 (Tera2) and HepG2, in N- and C-terminal fusion constructs with the fluorescent protein TurboGFP. C11orf72 protein showed no cytotoxic or promitotic activity and was distributed diffusely through the cell. Our data confirm the possibility of gain of new protein-coding genes during human evolution due to simple accumulation of point mutations. However, we found no evidence for the functional significance of gene c11orf72.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/genética , Especificidad de la Especie , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Expresión Génica , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Macaca/genética , Metilación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Pan troglodytes/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
Mobile elements are DNA fragments that are able to self-replicate within the genome of a host organism. Usually, mobile elements comprise about 40-50% of mammalian genome. In the present review, evolutionary recent insertions of mobile elements are considered which have occurred after divergence of human and chimpanzee ancestral forms, i.e. later than about 6 million years. Human-specific transposable elements are represented by relatively small number of copies that can be subdivided into four groups: HERV-K (HML-2), L1, Alu, and SVA. The number of human-specific copies of HERV-K (HML-2), L1, Alu, and SVA representatives amounts roughly to 150, 1200, 5500, and 860 copies per genome respectively. Furthermore, we succeeded in describing a new family of human-specific mobile elements that are present only in human genome and are absent in other primates. Insertions of human-specific mobile elements can be regarded as important candidates for the role of molecular-genetic agents of anthropogenesis--each new insertion of such a mobile element supplies the acceptor gene locus with the set of new functional sites for binding transcription factors that can make significant alterations to adjacent genes functioning. On the basis of known evidences confirming the influence of human-specific mobile elements on adjacent genes expression, total number of human genes regulated by them can be estimated like hundreds.
Asunto(s)
Retrovirus Endógenos/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Genoma Humano , Hominidae/genética , Mutagénesis Insercional/genética , Pan troglodytes/genética , Animales , Evolución Biológica , ADN/genética , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN/genética , Elementos Transponibles de ADN , Humanos , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Gold nanoparticles and their conjugates have significant potential in the field of diagnosis of various diseases due to their SPR, which enhances light scattering and absorption. Conjugates of gold nanoparticles with various ligands can be used for imaging biomolecules or detecting malignant neoplasms at an early stage. This study focuses on the construction of composite (or hybrid) phospholipid-gold nanoparticles using soy phosphatidylcholine and a targeted ligand (folic acid derivative) to attach specific targeting properties. According to the method of dynamic light scattering, the diameter of the obtained nanoparticles was less than 100 nm, the results of the MTT test indicated their moderate cytotoxicity. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed a significant increase in the accumulation of phospholipid-gold nanoparticles with a targeted fragment compared to those without a targeted fragment both in HeLa cells and in a tumor (in BDF mice with an injected LLC tumor). The resulting nanoparticles are suitable for specific delivery into tumor cells and visualization of various malignant neoplasms, including at early stages, due to the increased expression of the folate receptor characteristic of cells of a wide range of tumors.