Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome: The importance of thyroid function tests in a child presenting with multicystic ovaries.

INTRODUCTION: Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome (VWGS) is a rare presentation of long-standing hypothyroidism, characterized by delayed bone age, enlarged bilateral multicystic ovaries, and isosexual precocious puberty. CASE PRESENTATION: We report here the clinical details of the case of Van Wyk Grumbach Syndrome in an 11-year-old girl who was first presented to the pediatric surgeon for hemoperitoneum. The patient underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy, which showed enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts that were bleeding. She also had severe hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, hyperestrogenism, pituitary adenoma, and delayed bone age. Significant improvement in symptoms was noted after thyroid hormone replacement therapy. IMPORTANCE AND CONCLUSION: This case highlights that it is crucial to consider thyroid assessment in a patient with multicystic ovaries to avoid misdiagnosis, unnecessary investigations for malignancy and/or surgical intervention, and possible complications.

[What can hide a hydrocele?]. / Que peut cacher une hydrocèle ?

The catheter migration after ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for hydrocephalus is a very rare complication. It is caused by a disconnection or rupture of the catheter. Then, this one can be exteriorized through the anus or the mouth. We report here the case of catheter exteriorization after VPS through the peritoneovaginal duct diagnosed during the hydrocele surgical cure, two years after VPS insertion. The children with VPS require a regular clinical surveillance and a radiographic control of the hydrocephalus valve track, once per year.

[Urethral diverticulum with stone complicating epispadias repair]. / Réparation d'un épispadias compliquée d'un diverticule de l'urètre avec calcul.

Diverticula of the male urethra are rare clinical entities. Congenital and acquired have similar modes of presentation. No case of urethral diverticulum, containing stone, complicating epispadias repair have been reported. We report the case of 8-year-old boy with an urethral diverticulum, containing stone, complicating epispadias repair. Diverticulectomy with removal of the stone by urethroplasty was performed. Through this observation and review of the literature, authors describe pathological and management finding of urethral diverticula.

[Giant mesenteric lipoma in children: A case-report]. / Lipome mésentérique géant chez l'enfant : à propos d'un cas.

Mesenteric lipoma is an extremely rare disease in children. Fewer than 50 cases have been reported in the literature. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT). However, only the histological study of the specimen during laparotomy or laparoscopy can confirm the diagnosis. Thus, surgery, be it by laparotomy or laparoscopic, is both a means of exploration and treatment in mesenteric lipoma. We report on a case of giant lipoma of the mesentery in a 7-year-old girl presenting paroxysmal abdominal pain with a subocclusive syndrome lasting 1 week.

[Inflammatory tumor of the great omentum after ingestion of a bone fragment]. / Tumeur inflammatoire du grand épiploon après ingestion d'un fragment osseux.

The ingestion of a foreign body is one of the most common accidents in children. It comes in extremely varied clinical presentations in which radiological imaging plays an important role in diagnosis. Colonic perforations are particularly serious because of the major risk for septic fecal peritonitis. Management depends on the nature of the ingested object, its location, the child's age and the child's clinical status. We report a child presenting an inflammatory tumor of the omentum on an ingested bone fragment that had perforated the transverse colon.

[Acute retention of urine secondary to a congenital diverticulum of the bladder]. / Rétention aiguë d'urine secondaire à un diverticule congénital bilatéral de la vessie.

Bladder diverticula in children are mostly congenital, frequently associated with vesicoureteral reflux. Their positive diagnosis is based primarily on retrograde urethrocystography. One complication of this condition is acute urinary retention. We report the case of a 4-month-old infant who presented acute retention of urine secondary to bilateral congenital bladder diverticulum and review the literature on this subject.

[Colonic duplication revealed by intestinal obstruction due to fecal impaction]. / Duplication colique découverte à l'occasion d'une occlusion intestinale par fécalome.

Colonic duplications are very rare in children. With rectal duplications, they are the rarest locations of alimentary tract duplications, most often diagnosed in the first years of life. We report an unusual case of colic duplication with fecal impaction in a 9-month-old boy revealed by intestinal obstruction. We discuss the main diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this malformation.

[Giant hydronephrosis in a child: case report]. / Hydronéphrose géante chez l'enfant : à propos d'une observation.

Giant hydronephrosis in children is uncommon. Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction is the most frequent cause. The CT scan is very important for the diagnosis. We report on a case of hydronephrosis in a 12-year-old child who presented with enormous abdominal distension. The treatment included nephrectomy after waiting nephrostomy. The current literature is also reviewed.

[Hydatid cyst of the trapezius muscle: an unusual location]. / Le kyste hydatique du muscle trapezius : une localisation inhabituelle.

Echinococciasis, or hydatid disease, is a broad-based anthropozoonosis common to humans and several mammal species. The disease results from the development of the larval or hydatid form of the canine tenia (Echinococcus granulosis) in the body. Hydatid cysts are uncommonly found in muscles, even in endemic zones. The purpose of this study was to present an unusual case of hydatid located in the trapezius muscle in a 10-year-old girl and to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of hydatid cysts observed in muscles through this case study and a review of the literature.