Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients attending STI clinics in Tuscany, Italy: a multicenter report on new infections in 2011.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the demographic, behavioral and clinical features associated with newly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among attendees from four STI Clinics during 2011 in Tuscany, Central Italy. METHODS: Electronic and non-electronic medical records of attendees were reviewed to collect socio-demographical and anamnestic characteristics of patients, and to assess the annual incidence and distribution of STIs. RESULTS: The study included 1293 subjects, for a total number of 1394 newly diagnosed STIs. The male/female ratio was about 2:1, and Italian nationality accounted for 84.1% of the sample. MSM represented the 25.9% of the male population. Condom use was very poor in the large majority of our sample. Genital warts and non-gonococcal cervicitis and urethritis were the most frequent STIs. Anamnestic STIs were recorded in 350 subjects. When stratified for sexual preference, men who have sex with men were found at four to ten fold increased risk for syphilis, gonorrhoeae and HIV infection. New diagnoses of syphilis, gonorrhoea, urethritis and molluscum were strictly associated with infections by the same pathogens in the past (re-infections). CONCLUSIONS: Results show that STIs in Tuscany involve a mixed young to adult population, composed by both heterosexual and homosexual subjects who practice unprotected sex and do not seem to be conscious of the associated risks, as demonstrated by the high rates of coinfections and reinfections. These findings reinforce the need for greater education and prevention efforts for HIV and other STIs among the Tuscan population.

Papular-purpuric "gloves and socks" syndrome.

Papular-purpuric "gloves and socks" syndrome (PPGSS), is an acute dermatosis characterized by a papular-purpuric edematous rash in a distinct ''gloves and socks'' distribution often accompanied by fever, asthenia and lymphadenophaties. It is mainly caused by parvovirus B19 (B19V) but other viruses and drugs such as trimethoprim/sulfametaxol or chemotherapics may be involved. We describe a case of PPGSS with a serologically proven B19V infection in a 42-year-old Italian kindergarten teacher suffering from acute bacterial pharyngitis Immunoglobulin M by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to parvovirus B19 were positive. Histological examination showed dermal-ipodermal inflammation with evidence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis principally interesting the small venules The cutaneous rash resolved after 2 weeks. We reported our case to support that PPGSS is an immunomediated disease and that B19V morbidity varies with the immunologic and hematologic status of the host. In addition, a patient with PPGSS might be infectious at the moment of diagnosis, with significant implication for susceptible contacts.

Geriatric teledermatology: store-and-forward vs. face-to-face examination.

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine could be useful in countries like Italy to meet the needs of elderly patients and in particular in those in precarious general conditions, for whom travelling even short distances can pose considerable practical and economical difficulties. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of store-and-forward teledermatology vs face-to-face consultations in elderly patients. METHODS: A total of 130 geriatric patients with skin diseases requiring dermatological examination were enrolled. The patients examined, consisting of 60 men (46.15%) and 70 women (53.85%), were aged between 66 and 97 years (mean age 80.58 years). Three dermatologists of the department, with equal experience took turns in face-to-face examination and teledermatology (store-and-forward). To compare face-to-face dermatological examinations with the asynchronous store-and-forward approach of teledermatology, we considered diagnostic agreement (ICD-9 code), therapeutic agreement and concordance of diagnostic confidence. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen of 130 patients were diagnosed with the same ICD-9 code, making a total observed agreement of 87.7% with a Cohen's κ estimated of 0.863. Agreement between therapies was 69.6% (Cohen's κ = 0.640). As it concerns diagnostic confidence, dermatologists appeared generally slightly less certain of their diagnosis by telemedicine. CONCLUSIONS: Store-and-forward teledermatology can improve diagnostic and therapeutic care for skin disease in elderly who lack easy and/or direct access to dermatologists.

Association of extrahepatic manifestations with HLA class II alleles and with virus genotype in HCV infected patients.

It has been postulated that host factors, such as the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system, may play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of HCV-related extra-hepatic manifestations. This study was performed to investigate the role of HLA- DR and DQ alleles in a group of Italian patients, with HCV infection and associated extrahepatic manifestations and to test whether an association between HCV genotype, HLA locus and clinical or serological manifestations can be demonstrated. Thirty unrelated patients affected by HCV infection with extra-hepatic manifestations were consecutively included in the study. One hundred and sixty-three HCV patients without extrahepatic manifestations were tested as controls for the prevalence of HCV genotypes, and 283 healthy donors were used as controls for HLA class II alleles distribution. HCV-RNA was quantified by an reverse transcription-PCR. HLA class II alleles typing was performed using a standard microlymphocytotoxicity assay on B lymphocyte purified. HCV 2c genotype was found in 53.3% compared to 18.4% of controls (p=0.00001; OR=5.1). Cryoglobulins were detected in 72.7% DR6+ patients and in 31.6% DR6- patients (p=0.05; OR=3.21). Rheumatoid factor was found in 90.9% of DR6+ patients and in 42.1% DR6- patients (p=0.018; OR 13.7). Only two DR5+ patients (20%) had cryoglobulinemia, while 6 patients (30%) in the DR5- group had cryoglobulinemia (p=0.02; OR=0.07). Associations were found between DR7 and ANA (OR=1.74) and between DQ2 and ANA (OR=1.97). According to our findings HLA-DR6 might play an important role in developing extra-hepatic manifestations and genotype 2c could be considered as a risk factor for their onset.

Malignant hypercalcemia in vulvar cancer.

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is a common paraneoplastic syndrome, most often associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, esophagus, kidneys and breast, but rarely with vulval cancer. In most patients, HHM is associated with over-production of a peptide analogue of parathormone (parathyroid hormone-related protein, PTHrP). The case of a 70-year-old patient with massive squamous cell epithelioma of the vulva complicated by HHM is reported. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case with high serum concentrations of PTHrP and immunohistochemical confirmation of PTHrP production by neoplastic cells.

Segmental phenolization for the treatment of ingrowing toenails: a review of 6 years experience.

BACKGROUND: Ingrowing toenails are a common problem causing significant morbidity. Many of the procedures used for treating this painful condition cause considerable discomfort and have high failure rates. In recent years, phenol cauterization of the nail bed has been used increasingly. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out of all patients treated by this method in the authors' clinic during the period January 1996 to December 2001. In this study, phenol cauterization is the standard form of treatment and 948 phenol cauterizations were carried out in 764 patients. RESULTS: There was no significant morbidity and the procedure was tolerated well by all patients. Overall recurrence was 4.3% (33 patients) after 18 months. All symptomatic recurrences were successfully treated by repeating phenol cauterization. CONCLUSIONS: Phenol cauterization compares favourably with other surgical ablation techniques for ingrowing toenails and may be the ablation procedure of choice of an ingrowing toenail.

Vulvar Paget disease. Two cases with cytokeratin 7 and 20 expression.

Two cases of vulvar Paget's disease are described in two women aged 75 and 60 years, with onset several years earlier as eczema-like manifestations, and evolving into erosive, slightly infiltrative lesions. In both cases immunohistochemical examination revealed positivity for cytokeratins CK7 and CK20. This finding suggested the diagnosis of primitive vulvar Paget's disease, a relatively benign form, unlike the aggressive and rapidly progressive secondary vulvar Paget's disease.

[Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma in a mother and son]. / Eritrodermia congenita ittiosiforme bollosa in madre e figlio.

The occurrence of two cases of bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (BCIE) in a mother and son is reported. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by histological and ultrastructural findings, which demonstrated marked changes in the cyto-skeleton of the keratinocytes of the Malpighian layer and areas of cytolysis and hypoplasia of the tonofilament-hemidesmosome complexes in the cells of the granulosa layer. These results and the possible aetiopathogenic mechanisms are discussed in the light of the most recent data in the literature. Treatment with oral etretinate proved to be helpful, but not long lasting.

Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common human malignancy, accounting for 75% of all non-melanoma skin cancer, is uncommon on unexposed skin such as the perianal and genital regions. We describe a woman with BCC of the vulva treated with local resection. All margins of excision were free of disease. The patient recovered without complication and there have been no recurrences after 2 years of follow-up. Approximately 200 cases of BCC on perianal and genital skin have been reported in the literature. Although the aetiology of vulvar BCC is not known, early diagnosis is important. Because BCC in these sites sometimes seems innocuous, biopsy of all suspect lesions is advisable.

Case report. Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladosporium oxysporum.

The case of a 66-year-old woman with Cushing syndrome and a 1-year history of papulo-nodular lesions on the right leg is reported. Biopsy revealed septate hyphae and yeast-like cells in granulomatous dermo-hypodermal lesions. Culture of biopsy fragments on Sabouraud glucose agar without cycloheximide produced colonies that were olive green on top and greenish black underneath. On the basis of microscope findings and scanning electron microscopy observation of fragments of colonies, a diagnosis of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladosporium oxysporum was made. The patient was initially treated with itraconazole, which led to clinical improvement, but mycological recovery was obtained after a course of ketoconazole, made necessary by the presence of pituitary adenoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Cl. oxysporum.

Sweet's syndrome and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.

We report the case of a patient in whom Sweet's syndrome developed during pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. Increased expression of helper T-cell type 1 cytokine secretion pattern in peripheral blood has recently been observed in patients with this syndrome, and chlamydia infection is known to primarily activate a helper T-cell type 1 immunologic response.