Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of vein of Galen aneurysms--report of two cases.

Aneurysms of the vein of Galen (AVG) represent less than 1% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Two cases of prenatal diagnosis made by color Doppler ultrasonography at 32 weeks of gestation are reported. Both cases presented with antenatal mild cardiomegaly and both developed severe cardiac failure in the neonatal period. Embolization was unsuccessful and both infants died. These cases highlight the need for a careful evaluation of the time and mode of delivery; embolization must be performed after a fully informed decision.

Maternal and neonatal immediate effects of sequential delivery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with sequential instrumental delivery (vacuum plus forceps) compared with the use of one instrument only (forceps or vacuum). STUDY DESIGN: A longitudinal observational study was carried out, including all instrumental deliveries performed in term singleton pregnancies, in vertex presentation, at station level 0 or +1. According to the type of the instruments, the deliveries were divided in three groups: the vacuum group, the forceps group and the sequential group. Immediate maternal and neonatal outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 275 instrumental deliveries were performed: 126 (45.5%) vacuum assisted deliveries, 62 (22.6%) forceps assisted deliveries and 87 (31.6%) sequential deliveries. Regarding maternal morbidity, there was a significant difference between the three groups (p < 0.001), with a higher rate of complications in the sequential group. The type of instrument was the only factor associated with significant maternal morbidity. The rate of immediate neonatal morbidity was 4.4% and there was no significant association with the instrument type or with other identifiable factors. CONCLUSION: Sequential delivery is associated with a higher maternal morbidity and it seems not to increase neonatal morbidity.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of fetal ovarian cysts: five cases in five years.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of ultrasonographically diagnosed fetal ovarian cysts within a 5-year period. METHODS: This was a retrospective evaluation of the prenatal and postnatal medical records of the five cases of fetal ovarian cyst diagnosed at our institution from January 2002 to December 2006. RESULTS: The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 31.6 weeks. One of the patients had type I diabetes and another had chronic hypertension and preeclampsia. The mean cyst diameter at diagnosis was 38.3 mm (range 29-60 mm). When diagnosed, four of the cysts were simple and the other was septated. During pregnancy, the septated cyst and two of the simple cysts became hemorrhagic. Postnatally the septated cyst and two of the simple cysts underwent spontaneous remission; the other two cases, corresponding to hemorrhagic cysts, were surgically removed after birth. CONCLUSIONS: The best clinical approach to a fetal ovarian cyst is controversial. In this small series, three of the five cysts regressed spontaneously, including a hemorrhagic one. Once a fetal ovarian cyst is diagnosed, ultrasonographic monitoring should be provided in order to identify complications and define the best therapeutic approach.