RESUMEN
Glucokinase (GK) is a hexokinase isozyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase activators are being investigated as potential diabetes therapies because of their effects on hepatic glucose output and/or insulin secretion. Here, we have examined the efficacy and mechanisms of action of a novel glucokinase activator, GKA23. In vitro, GKA23 increased the affinity of rat and mouse glucokinase for glucose, and increased glucose uptake in primary rat hepatocytes. In vivo, GKA23 treatment improved glucose homeostasis in rats by enhancing beta cell insulin secretion and suppressing hepatic glucose production. Sub-chronic GKA23 treatment of mice fed a high-fat diet resulted in improved glucose homeostasis and lipid profile.
Asunto(s)
Aminopiridinas/química , Activadores de Enzimas/química , Glucoquinasa/metabolismo , Tiadiazoles/química , Animales , Área Bajo la Curva , Glucemia/metabolismo , Catálisis , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucosa/metabolismo , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Homeostasis , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreción de Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/citología , Cinética , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosforilación , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Glucokinase (GK) activators represent a class of type 2 diabetes therapeutics actively pursued due to the central role that GK plays in regulating glucose homeostasis. Herein we report a novel C5-alkyl-2-methylurea-substituted pyridine series of GK activators derived from our previously reported thiazolylamino pyridine series. Our efforts in optimizing potency, enzyme kinetic properties, and metabolic stability led to the identification of compound 26 (AM-9514). This analogue showed a favorable combination of in vitro potency, enzyme kinetic properties, acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical species, and robust efficacy in a rodent PD model.