[Na and K content in the blood and feces of healthy newborn calves and in those ill with dyspepsia]. / Sudurzhanie na Na i K v kruvta i fekaliite pri zdravi i zaboleli ot dispepsii novorodeni teleta.

Investigations on natrium and potassium content in erythrocites, plasma and faeces of healthy calves and in calves suffering from gastrointestinal disturbances aged 1 to 20 days were carried out. A clearly expressed trend toward reduction of potassium and increase of natrium content in erythrocites with age was established. Natrium content rose from 47 mg% in one-day old calves to 76.1 mg% in 20 day-old ones, while potassium was reduced from 203.89 mg% to 131.70 mg% respectively. The same rate of natrium and potassium changes was preserved in sick calves, but Na values in this case were higher as compared to these in healthy animals. Potassium content in erythrocites of recovered 6 to 10 day-old calves increased. Standard values of natrium and potassium in faeces of calves of the same age are presented. It was established that natrium content in faeces of new born calves is higher, while the content of potassium is lower as compared to that in faeces of 10 day-old calves. In case of sickness Na and K contents in the faeces rose while post recovery it became normal again. The investigation contributes for the elucidation of the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disturbances in calves and for the improvement of the method used in Na and K assessment in biological materials.

[Biochemical, electrocardiographic and pathomorphological studies the monensin poisoning of sheep]. / Biokhimichni, elektrokardiografski i patomorfologichni prouchvaniia pri otraviane na ovtse s monenzin.

Studies were carried out on the changes in the electrocardiogram, the content of sodium and potassium in the plasma and erythrocytes, and the morphology of the viscera of sheep spontaneously intoxicated with monensin. It was found that in the initial phases of poisoning the plasma level of Na and K strongly rose--410 +/- 12.57 mg% and 36.28 +/- 1.99 mg%, respectively, while after the tenth day it showed a trend of coming back to normal. The electrocardiogram of the poisoned sheep was inevitably deprived of the P deflection, while the QRST complex showed deformations characteristic of ischemia and degeneration of the myocardium. Morphologically, there were catarrhal abomasoenteritis, edomatized and fragile kidneys and liver, enlarged mucous membrane of the gallbladder, showing hyperemia and nodules, hemorrhages in the heart, and hyperemia and edema of the lungs. Histologically, there were dystrophic and necrotic nephrosis and focal glomerulonephritis, granular and fatty dystrophy and necroses of the liver, cholecystitis, granular and hyaline dystrophy of the myocardium, hyperemia, hemorrhages, and edema of the lungs as well as degenerative changes in the ganglion cells of the brain. The cadavers of animals that were ill for seven to ten days and died had multiple hemosiderosis in the kidneys, liver, lungs, and heart.

[Characteristics of immunoglobulin dynamics and absorption in newborn calves]. / Osobenosti v dinamikata i usvoiavaneto na imunoglobulinite pri novorodeni teleta.

A study on protein dynamics in calf blood serum from the time of birth to age of 60 days was carried out by use of electrophoresis on 1% agar gel, immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit immune serum against cattle blood serum, colostrum whey and pure nu-globulin. Investigations were performed on the 4th and 24th hour, and on the 3rd, 6th, 8th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 30th, 45th and 60th day after birth. Resorption of colostral gamma globulins, applied intravenously and orally in the form of the preparation lactoplasmin and 10% normal gamma-globulin injected intravenously was followed under experimental conditions. It was established that calves are born with a comparatively low protein level in the blood serum and after feeding with colostrum begins, specific quantitative and qualitative changes in their profile take place, but the changes concerning gamma-globulins are most pronounced. gamma-globulins are best resorbed after oral application of colostral globulin preparations, and not so well after intravenous application. Noral blood gamma-globulin injected intravenously is least resorbed. Eventual causes for this fact are discussed.

[Changes in the blood biochemical indices of lambs weaned at different ages]. / Promeni v niakoi biokhimichni pokazateli na kruvta pri agneta, otbiti na razlichna vuzrast.

Studied were the changes in the Ca, P, Mg, total protein, and protein fractions in the blood serum, and the Na and K in the plasma and erythrocytes in three groups of lambs weaned on the 5th, 15th, and 20th day after birth. The changes in these indices both in the test and in the control lambs varied within the normal range for a given age. In the control lambs there were higher values of K, lower values of Na in the erythrocytes, and lower values of the blood sugar. Presumably, this was due to the adaptational changes in the animals in connection with the modified way of feeding. The conclusion was drawn that early weaning coupled with the use of the SEC Mlechna Promishlenost milk replacers could be introduced in the practice of lamb fattening.

[Effect of lactoplasmin, gamma-globulin, Filatov's swine embryo tissue preparation and hyperimmune rabbit serum on several hematologic indices and morbidity among cattle with bronchopneumonia]. / Vliianie na laktoplazmin, gamma-globulin tukanen preparat ot svinski embrioni po Filatov i khiperimunen zaeshki serum burkhu niakoi khematologichni pokazateli i zaboliaemostta na teletata ot bronkhopnevmoniia

Studied was the effect of lactoplasmin, gamma-globulin, a tissue preparation of swine embryos after Filatov, and a hyperimmune rabbit serum on the hemopoieis, the white blood picture, and the morbidity rate in calves with bronchopneumonia. It was found that these preparations influence favourably the white blood picture, the clotting time of blood, and the resistance of calves. With the test calves the morbidity rate was lower than in the controls. Best prophylactic effect was produced with use of tissue preparations and lactoplasmin.

[Effect of Filatov's tissue preparation and and a globulin preparation on weight gain in calves]. / Vliianie na tukanen preparat po Filatov i na globulinovi preparati vurkhu prirasta na teletata

A comparitive experiment was carried out with 81 calves, aged 4-15 days, to establish the effect of a tissue preparation of swine embryos after Filatov, colostral lactoplasmin, and bovine gammaglobulin as prophylactic and therapeutic means, on the sera proteins. It was found that these preparations show no influence on the protein fraction ratio. It has also been pointed out that these agents produce a strong stimulative effect on the average daily weight gain of calves up to the sixtieth day following treatment.

[Biochemical and hematological indices from the use of a bulgarben preparation in digestive disorders in calves]. / Izsledvane na niakoi biokhimichni i khematologichni pokazateli pri prilagane na preparata bulgarben sreshtu khranosmilatelni razstroistva pri teleta.

Experiments were carried out with a total of 23 calves aged 1 to 10 days, divided into two groups. The animals of the first group were prophylactically treated in the course of 10 days against digestive troubles, being given the preparation Bulgarben with the milk at the rate of 100 cm3 each. The animals of the second group served as controls. Followed up were the morbidity rate and the changes taking place in some biochemical and hematological indices--Ca, Mg, P, total protein and protein fractions in the blood serum, Na and K in the plasma and erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, hematocrit value, total leukocyte count, and differential blood picture. It was found that Bulgarben in the from of a 12.5 per cent suspension BA, at 100 cm3, did not bring about any changes in the indices studied. Certain drop of the Mg level in the serum of the test calves to the low limits of the normal value was found, which makes it necessary to follow up the Mg content in the serum at continuous application.

[Bulgarian potassium-calcium zeolite in the prophylaxis of digestive tract disorders in calves]. / Bulgarskiiat kalievo-kaltsiev zeolit kato profilaktichno sredstvo sreshchu khranosmilalatelnite razstroistva pri teleta.

Scientific and economic trials were carried out to test the prophylactic effect of Bulgarian K-Ca zeolite products in the prevention of digestive troubles in calves, corresponding to the State Standard production branch requirements of 33675789-79, and to 0.00-0.01 mm (France). When applied at the rate of 2 per cent constituent of the daily milk ration from the first to the fifteenth day after calving it was found to produce a good prophylactic effect against digestive disturbances. It was also found that there was enhancement of the general resistance in calves. This resulted in lower morbidity and mortality rates, and shortening the period of illness in calves that received zeolite. By the end of the experimental period there was a definite rise of the blood albumins, the sum total of the gamma-globulins, the hemoglobin value, and the absolute values of granulocytes and lymphocytes.

[Prophylactic efficacy of Bulgarian potassium-calcium zeolite in digestion disorders in pigs]. / Izsledvaniia vurkhu profilaktichniia efekt na bulgarski kalievo-kaltsiev zeolit pri khranosmilatelnite razstroistva na praseta.

Laboratory and economic experiments were carried out with the Bulgarian potassium-and-calcium zeolite. It was found to produce a good prophylactic effect with regard to disturbances in the digestive tract in amounts of up to 4 per cent of the concentrated feed. Pigs that were given zeolites showed higher general resistance. This was demonstrated by the increase in Ca, P, total protein, alfa 2, gamma 1, and gamma 2-globulins in the serum parallel to the rise of the leukocyte and lymphocyte count and the hemoglobin level in the blood. It was also established that the zeolite contributed to lower morbidity and mortality rates. Certain age-associated differences were observed with regard to the growth rate--those of the pigs that obtained the zeolite showed higher weight gain in the interval between the 30th and 60th day from birth.

[Preventive effect of the preparation "Bulgarben" in calves with digestive disorders]. / Izsledvane vurkhu profilaktichniia efekt na preparata "Bulgarben" pri khranosmilatelnite razstroistva na teleta.

Scientific and economic trials were carried out to test the prophylactic effect of the preparation Bulgarben in calves affected with digestive troubles. Bulgarben was given in the first 10 days after birth at the rate of 100(3) daily of a 12.5 per cent suspension formula activated in one of the milk rations of the animals. The investigations were effected on six farms of the country with a total of 622 test and 586 control calves. The economic analyses of the results showed that with the use of the preparation the number of occasional outbreaks was reduced to 19.9 per cent with the test animals, while it was as high as 42.5 per cent with the control ones. With the test calves mortality rate dropped to 1.6 per cent, and with the controls it was 4.94 per cent. The amount of drugs used with the test animals was three times lower than that used with the untreated controls for the whole experimental period. It was found that the preparation produces a good prophylactic effect in the case of digestive troubles in calves.