Anticancer and antimicrobial evaluation of extract from brown algae Hormophysa cuneiformis.

AIM: We investigated the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of an ethanol crude extract of Red Sea brown alga (Hormophysa cuneiformis) from Egypt. METHODS: Extraction was achieved by mixing 100 g of sample powder with absolute ethanol, incubating at 37 °C overnight in a shaking incubator, and then collecting the extract. The extract's antimicrobial activity was tested using a well diffusion assay against the tested pathogens (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) in comparison to commercial antibiotics. Anticancer activity was assessed using MTT assay on MCF-7, HepG-2, and HEP-2 cell lines. The anticancer mechanism of action against the HepG-2 cell line was investigated using cell cycle analysis, Annexin V, and antioxidant enzymes, in addition to transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: GC-MS phytoconstituent profile of the extract was dominant with fatty acids. A broad antimicrobial effect against all the pathogenic isolates of E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtitles, and C. albicans was demonstrated, especially at the high concentration in comparison to commercial antibiotics. The extract could inhibit the growth of the tested cell lines. We observed the most significant effect on HepG-2 cells, and the concentration of the extract played a role in the level of inhibition (IC50 of 44.6 ± 0.6 µg/ml). The extract had negligible effects on Vero normal cell lines at the lower concentration, with slight toxicity (90.8% viability) at the highest concentration (500 µg/ml). At this same concentration, the extract caused 80-92% inhibition of the cancer cell lines. The extract appears to have demonstrated promising effects on cancer cells. It induces programmed cell death (apoptosis), arrests the cell cycle, and affects the oxidative/antioxidant balance within the cells, potentially leading to the suppression or elimination of cancer cells. These findings are encouraging and may have implications for cancer treatment or further research in this area. More action of extract was seen against bacteria than fungi, with a wide antibacterial impact against all of the tested isolates, notably at the high concentration in comparison to conventional antibiotics. CONCLUSION: According to the findings, H. cuneiformis may be a valuable source of chemicals that are both antimicrobial and anticancer.

Heavy metals and parasitological infection associated with oxidative stress and histopathological alteration in the Clarias gariepinus.

The goal of this study was to assess the harmful effects of heavy metal accumulation on Clarias gariepinus (catfish) in two different polluted areas in the Al Sharkia governorate and assess the impact on oxidative stress and histological changes. The results revealed a highly significant difference in heavy metal levels in the water and inside fish tissues (liver and gonads) between the two sites. The total prevalence of parasitic infection was at the highest percentage in area B, in addition to severe histopathological damage to the liver and the gonads. Findings show that the total prevalence of parasitic infection is associated with uptake of metals, depleted antioxidant activity, and incidence of lipid peroxidation in tissue.

The Biological, Histopathological, and Parasitic Abundance of Oreochromis niloticus Inhabiting Two Different Freshwater Canals.

The current study aimed to assess the impact of metal pollution in water on parasitic abundance, biology, and histopathological characteristics of Oreochromis niloticus in two different freshwater habitats in the Al Sharkia government. The fish were collected from the Mueweis canal area (A) which received industrial wastewater from factories and the San El-Hagar area (B) which received agricultural and domestic wastewater. Parasitic abundance and histopathological changes in the liver and gonads were inspected. The total prevalence of parasitic infection was at the highest percentage in area B correlated with metals present in the water, in addition to severe histopathological damage to the liver and the gonads. The prevalence of parasites for different examined fish ranges from 50% for parasites in the San El-Hagar canal and 4.17% for parasites in the Muwies canal, seasonally. There were positive relationships between Fe or Zn or Mn concentrations with parasite abundance in tilapia fish collected from the San Hagar canal. Several histopathological alterations were detected in the liver and gonads of O. niloticus collected from the two canals located in the Al Sharkia province. It was concluded that the uncontrolled inputs of agricultural and domestic wastes highly altered the O. niloticus health status and the prevalence of the parasites in the investigated two areas.

Effect of Saffron Extract on the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Copper Nanoparticles in Male Mice.

BACKGROUND: Nanotechnology application has widespread use in many products. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are widely used in industrial applications. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the ethanolic saffron extract (ESE) as a natural antioxidant on the hepatotoxicity induced by CuNPs in male mice. METHODS: The characterization of CuNPs was determined using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscope. The effect of saffron on the hepatotoxicity induced by CuNPs in mice was evaluated by evaluating the survival rate of the mice, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, DNA evaluation, as well as its effect on the histology and transmission electron microscope of the liver. RESULTS: The results revealed that all parameters were affected in a dose-dependent manner by CuNPs. These effects have been improved when the treatment of CuNPs is combined with ethanolic saffron extract. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that saffron and its bioactive crocin portion can prevent CuNP-induced oxidative liver damage. This substance should be useful as a new pharmacological tool for oxidative stress prevention.

Chitosan and Lecithin Ameliorate Osteoarthritis Symptoms Induced by Monoiodoacetate in a Rat Model.

The present work aimed to assess the chondroprotective influence of chitosan and lecithin in a monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model. Forty male rats weighing 180-200 g were randomly distributed among the following five experimental groups (eight per group): control, MIA-induced OA, MIA-induced OA + chitosan, MIA-induced OA + lecithin, and MIA-induced OA + chitosan + lecithin. The levels of TNF-α, IL6, RF, ROS, and CRP, as well as mitochondrial markers such as mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV), MMP, and serum oxidative/antioxidant status (MDA level) (MPO and XO activities) were elevated in MIA-induced OA. Also, SDH (complex II) activity in addition to the levels of ATP, glutathione (GSH), and thiol was markedly diminished in the MIA-induced OA group compared to in control rats. These findings show that mitochondrial function is associated with OA pathophysiology and suggest that chitosan and lecithin could be promising potential ameliorative agents in OA animal models. Lecithin was more effective than chitosan in ameliorating all of the abovementioned parameters.

Metals bioaccumulation in two edible bivalves and health risk assessment.

Our aim was to quantify the bioaccumulation of 13 metals in two edible bivalves (Ruditapes decussatus and Paphia undulata) in Lake Timsah, Egypt. A potential human health risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the hazards from bivalve consumption. Fe, Al, Zn, and Sr had the highest concentrations in the bivalve samples. The levels of Cd were much lower than the maximum permissible level, while Pb concentrations in the two bivalves were nearly two times the permissible level. The extent of bioaccumulation factor was site- and species-specific. For low and high bivalve-consuming groups, the estimated daily intake of Pb and Cd ranged from 0.01 to 0.76 µg/kg/day. For low and high bivalve-consuming groups, hazard quotients (HQs) for metals were found to be less than 1 for both bivalve species, except for Co in the high-consuming group. In conclusion, even though there was no apparent risk to bivalve consumers from being exposed to single metals, there is a risk from being exposed to the 13 studied metals together, especially for high bivalve-consuming groups such as fishermen.

The Molluscicidal Activity of Green Synthesized Copper Oxide-Based Annona squamosa Seed Extract Nanoparticles on the Feeding Behavior, Biochemical, Molecular, and Immunohistochemical Alterations of Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails.

Because of their low ecological impact, plant molluscicides have garnered much attention. The work aimed to find out if Annona squamosa (AS) seed extract has a molluscicidal impact on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and enhances this extract by adding CuO nanoparticles (NPs). Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and PANalytical X'Pert PRO X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the presence of the green A. squamosa-based CuO NPs (AS-CuO NPs) was confirmed. After 24 h of exposure, the half-lethal concentration (LC50) of AS-CuO NPs was more toxic to mature B. alexandrina than the aqueous extract of AS seeds (LC50: 119.25 mg/L vs. 169.03 mg/L). The results show that snails exposed to sublethal doses of AS-CuO NPs at LC10 or LC25 (95.4 or 106.7 mg/L, respectively) had much higher glucose levels and alkaline phosphatase activity than those not exposed. Nevertheless, there was no discernible change in the protein content in general or glycogen phosphorylase production. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed that snails exposed to A. squamosa-derived CuO NPs LC10 had shrinking digestive tubules and degeneration as well as vacuolation of many digestive, secretory, ova, and sperm cells, with PCNA expressing positively in the hermaphrodite gland and digestive tubule cells. The toxic profile of green CuO NPs produced by A. squamosa may damage the biological activity of B. alexandrina snails; thus, this compound could be used as a molluscicidal base. Furthermore, B. alexandrina proved to be a useful biomarker of nanomaterial contamination.

Decreasing the diabetic complication by vanadyl(VO)2+/vitamin B 6 complex in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

The scope of this work was to synthesize a novel bifunctionalized vanadyl(VO)(2+)/vitamin B 6 complex. The diabetic therapeutic efficacy of the new complex was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The results suggested that vanadyl(VO)(2+)/vit B6 complex has an anti-diabetic potency, improved the lipid profile and liver and kidney functions. The new complex possesses an antioxidant activity. The current results support the therapeutic potentiality of vanadyl(VO)(2+)/vitamin B 6 complex for the management of diabetes.

Biochemical, Histological, and Ultrastructural Studies of the Protective Role of Vitamin E on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Male Rats.

BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide (CP) (Cytoxan or Endoxan) is an efficient anti-tumor agent, widely used for the treatment of various neoplastic diseases. The study aimed to investigate the protective role of vitamin E (vit E) in improving cardiotoxicity in rats induced by CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four experimental groups (each consisting of ten rats); the control group was treated with saline. The other three groups were treated with vit E, CP, and the combination of vit E and CP. Serum lipid profiles, enzyme cardiac biomarkers, and cardiac tissue antioxidants were evaluated, as well as histological and ultrastructure investigations. RESULTS: CP-treated rats showed a significant increase in serum levels of cardiac markers (troponin, CK, LDH, AST, and ALT), lipid profiles, a reduction in the antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, and GPx), and an elevation in the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO). The increase in the levels of troponin, LDH, AST, ALP, and triglycerides is a predominant indicator of cardiac damage due to the toxic effect of CP. The biochemical changes parallel cardiac injuries such as myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and heart failure. Vitamin E played a pivotal role, as it attenuated most of these changes because of its ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce LPO. In addition, vit E was found to improve the histopathological alterations caused by CP where no evidence of damage was observed in the cardiac architecture, and the cardiac fibers had regained their normal structure with minimal hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of its antioxidant activity and its stabilizing impact on the cardiomyocyte membranes, vit E is recommended as a potential candidate in decreasing the damaging effects of CP.

Effect of Feeding Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel and Garlic (Allium sativum) on Antioxidant Status and Reproductive Efficiency of Female Rabbits.

Egypt's animal protein shortfall cannot be overcome by expanding the production of large animals alone, but rather by increasing the production of highly reproducing animals in the livestock unit. The goal of this study was to examine how adding pomegranate peel (PP), garlic powder (GP), or a mixture of the two to the diet of does affect their weight, the number of offspring, reproductive performance, hematological indices, and several antioxidants indicators as well as the liver and kidney functions. A total of 20 adult and mature female mixed rabbits at age 4.5-5 months and averaging 3.05 ± 0.63 kg body weight, were allocated into four experimental groups (n = 5). The first group was provided with the basal diet and was considered as control animals, while the second, third, and fourth groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with PP 3.0%, GP 3.0%, and a mixture of PP 1.5% + GP 1.5%, respectively. After 2 weeks of feeding the experimental diets, natural mating with untreated bucks was carried out. The kits were weighed immediately after parturition, and then every week. The study found that rabbits fed with 3% PP led to a 28.5% increase in the number of kits at birth compared to the control group. As an effect of supplementing PP 3%, GP 3%, and PP 1.5% + GP 1.5%, the birth weight increased by 9.2%, 7.2%, and 10.6%, respectively, as compared to the control. Hemoglobin increased significantly in all treatment groups as compared to the control at the age of kit weaning. Lymph cells increased significantly in the rabbits that were fed with GP (3%) than in other groups and even the control. The results showed that creatinine levels were significantly decreased in the PP (3%) and GP (3%) than in control rabbits. The level of triglycerides significantly declines in groups treated with PP (3%) than in other treatment groups and the control. The addition of PP 3% or GP 3% increased the progesterone hormone. The addition of PP 1.5% + GP 1.5% improved the immunoglobulin IgG. The results of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity showed a significant decline in groups treated with GP (3%) than other treated groups. In conclusion, pomegranate is a promising substance to include in a rabbit's diet, followed by garlic to boost reproductive efficiency.

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Synthesis Novel Phenoxyacetamide Derivatives as Potent Apoptotic Inducer against HepG2 Cells through PARP-1 Inhibition.

To discover potential cytotoxic agents, new semi-synthetic phenoxy acetamide derivatives, compound I and compound II, were synthesized, characterized, and screened for their cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) and liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines. The two compounds were more promising against HepG2 than the MCF-7 cell line according to IC50 values. When tested against the HepG2 cell line, compound I, and compound II both had significantly increased cytotoxic activity when compared to the reference medication 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), with IC50 values of 1.43 M, 5.32 M, and 6.52 M for compound 1, 5-FU and compound II, respectively. Also, compound I displayed a degree of selectivity towards cancer cells compared to normal cells. Compound I significantly enhanced HepG2 total apoptotic cell death by about a 24.51-fold increase. According to cell cycle analysis, compound I induced the arrest of the cell cycle phases G1/S and blocked the progression of the HepG2 cells. Applying the RT-PCR technique achieved a highly significant upregulation in pro-apoptotic genes. The anti-apoptotic gene was significantly downregulated. There was an intrinsic and extrinsic pathway, but the intrinsic pathway was the dominant one. Tumor growth suppression as measured by tumor weight and volume and other hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses confirmed the efficacy of compound I as an anticancer agent in vivo examination. Finally, the molecular docking study revealed that compound I was properly docked inside the binding site of PARP-1 protein with stable binding energies and interactive binding modes. Therefore, compound I shows promise as a selective anti-cancer derivative for the treatment of liver cancer after more investigations and clinical studies. This selectivity is a favorable characteristic in the developing cytotoxic agents for cancer treatment, as it indicates a potential for reduced harm to health tissues.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses of liver and kidney tissue after implantation of titanium or titanium oxide coated plate in rat tibiae.

Coating with titanium oxides is a promising method to improve the blood compatibility of materials to be used for medical implants. However, biodegradation of the coating can result in microparticles that subsequently cause oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was carried out to throw some light on the mechanisms affecting the reaction of tissue surroundings Ti implants either in the form of titanium oxide or not in tibiae of rats. The serum collected twice from animals during the period of study and rats were sacrificed after two months of implantation. The complete blood picture, total proteins content and the activities of some serum enzymes were determined as liver biomarker. Kidney function was examined by measuring the levels of serum creatinine and uric acid. The level of lipid peroxidation and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase as well as glutathione content in liver and kidney tissue were evaluated. It has been indicated that the lipid peroxidation is one of the molecular mechanisms involved in Ti-plate induced cytotoxicity however; the TiO(2)-plate did not. The biodegradation of Ti-plate was very slow that could explain why the all enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant not affected by implantation of Ti-plate. The total antioxidant level in serum was better in rats had TiO(2)/Ti-plate than those animals that had Ti-plate. The coating of titanium implants with titanium oxide leads to attaining of reduced the oxidative state in the cells, which enhance the healing process in comparison with the uncoated implants.

Using the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system of the land snail Eobania vermiculata as biomarkers of terrestrial heavy metal pollution.

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of antioxidant defense system of the land snail Eobania vermiculata as biomarkers for terrestrial heavy metal pollution. For this reason, a set of biomarkers was performed on land snails E. vermiculata collected from polluted and non-polluted areas in the field. The biomarkers used were lactate dehydrogenase activity, level of lipid peroxidation, activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and content of glutathione, metalothionines, total proteins and total lipid in the digestive gland tissue. The correlation between the bioaccumulation of heavy metal in gland tissue and all the biomarkers in the digestive gland was determined. The results revealed appreciable alterations in the biomarker values in field, accompanied by significant correlations among the biomarkers. Therefore, this study suggests E. vermiculata is a suitable sentinel organism and the selected biomarkers show efficacy for terrestrial heavy metal biomonitoring.

Possible Ameliorative Effects of the Royal Jelly on Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Molybdenum Nanoparticles and/or Cadmium Chloride in Male Rats.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the royal jelly (RJ) on hepatotoxicity induced by molybdenum nanoparticles (MoO3-NPs), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), or their combination in male rats at biochemical, inflammation, immune response, histological, and ultrastructural levels. The physicochemical properties of MoO3-NPs have been characterized, as well as their ultrastructural organization. A rat experimental model was employed to assess the liver toxicity of MoO3-NPs, even in combination with CdCl2. Different cellular studies indicate divergent mechanisms, from increased reactive oxygen species production to antioxidative damage and cytoprotective activity. Seventy male rats were allocated to groups: (i) control; (ii) MoO3-NPs (500 mg/kg); (iii) CdCl2 (6.5 mg/kg); (iv) RJ (85 mg/kg diluted in saline); (v) MoO3-NPs followed by RJ (30 min after the MoO3-NPs dose); (vi) CdCl2 followed by RJ; and (vii) a combination of MoO3-NPs and CdCl2, followed by RJ, for a total of 30 successive days. Hepatic functions, lipid profile, inflammation marker (CRP), antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, and MDA), and genotoxicity were examined. Histological changes, an immunological marker for caspase-3, and transmission electron microscope variations in the liver were also investigated to indicate liver status. The results showed that RJ alleviated the hepatotoxicity of MoO3-NPs and/or CdCl2 by improving all hepatic vitality markers. In conclusion, the RJ was more potent and effective as an antioxidant over the oxidative damage induced by the combination of MoO3-NPs and CdCl2.

Mechanisms and histopathological impacts of acetamiprid and azoxystrobin in male rats.

Acetamiprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) and azoxystrobin (fungicide) are widespread pesticides used for pest management, but they have the potential for toxicity to mammals. The goal of this study was to look for oxidative stress, metabolic alterations, and reproductive problems in male rats' serum after 2 months of exposure to sub-lethal dosages of acetamiprid and azoxystrobin. Seven classes of male rats were formed: control, 3 groups of acetamiprid (1/10, 1/20, 1/40 LD50), and 3 groups of azoxystrobin (1/10, 1/20, 1/40 LD50) and were orally daily treated (n = 8/group). Our findings revealed that acetamiprid and azoxystrobin disrupted oxidative and metabolic processes in the examined rats throughout 30 and 60 days of testing. The levels of nitric oxide increased significantly, while catalase, a superoxide dismutase enzyme, and glutathione reductase activity were reduced. Serum levels of sex hormones, calcium, and total protein have all dropped substantially in rats. In comparison to the control group, the testis and liver structure, as well as spermatozoa parameters, had distinct histological characteristics. In conclusion, acetamiprid and azoxystrobin exhibit dose- and time-dependent effects on oxidative parameters that cause testis damage.

Consequences of artificial light at night on behavior, reproduction, and development of Lymnaea stagnalis.

Light is an important zeitgeber that regulates many behavioral and physiological processes in animals. These processes may become disturbed due to the changes in natural patterns of light and dark via the introduction of artificial light at night (ALAN). The present study was designed to determine the effect of possible consequences of ALAN on reproduction, hatching success, developmental success, growth rate, feeding rate, mortality rate, and locomotor activity of the simultaneous hermaphrodite pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Snails were exposed to different light intensities at night that simulate actual ALAN measurements from the snail's night environment. The data revealed that exposure to ALAN at a low level significantly affected the cumulative number of laid eggs. At the same time, snails exposed to ALAN laid smaller eggs than those laid under normal light-dark cycles. Additionally, high light-intensity of ALAN delayed development and hatching of eggs of L. stagnalis while it showed no effect on hatching percentage. Furthermore, ALAN increased both the feeding and growth rates but did not lead to mortality. The results also show that snails exposed to dark conditions at night travel longer distances and do so faster than those exposed to ALAN. In light of these findings, it is clear that ALAN may have an influence on snails and their abundance in an environment, possibly disturbing ecological stability.

Evaluation of acetamiprid and azoxystrobin residues and their hormonal disrupting effects on male rats using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Endocrine-disrupting compounds as pesticides affect the hormonal balance, and this can result in several diseases. Therefore, the analysis of representative hormones with acetamiprid (AC) and azoxystrobin (AZ) was a good strategy for the investigation of the endocrine-disrupting activity of pesticides. Hence, a sensitive and rapid analytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. The method was validated for the analysis of AC, AZ, estriol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone in the serum, testis, and liver of rats. The correlation between the residues of pesticides and the disturbance of the endocrine system was evaluated. The different mass parameters, mobile phase types, analytical columns, injection volumes, and extraction solvents were compared to get the lowest limit of detection of the studied compounds. The detection limits of AC, AZ, estriol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone were 0.05, 0.05, 1.0, 10, and 1.0 ng/ml, respectively. The method developed was applied to evaluate the changes in these hormones induced by the duration of exposure to AC and AZ in rat testis and serum. The hormones level in rat serum and testis had a significant decrease as they were oral gavage treated with different high concentrations of studied pesticides. Both pesticides were distributed in the body of rats by the multi-compartment model (liver, testis, and serum).

Slowly seeing the light: an integrative review on ecological light pollution as a potential threat for mollusks.

Seasonal changes in the natural light condition play a pivotal role in the regulation of many biological processes in organisms. Disruption of this natural condition via the growing loss of darkness as a result of anthropogenic light pollution has been linked to species-wide shifts in behavioral and physiological traits. This review starts with a brief overview of the definition of light pollution and the most recent insights into the perception of light. We then go on to review the evidence for some adverse effects of ecological light pollution on different groups of animals and will focus on mollusks. Taken together, the available evidence suggests a critical role for light pollution as a recent, growing threat to the regulation of various biological processes in these animals, with the potential to disrupt ecosystem stability. The latter indicates that ecological light pollution is an environmental threat that needs to be taken seriously and requires further research attention.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles with green tea extract complex in the pancreas of rats against monosodium glutamate toxicity.

OBJECTIVES: Nanotechnology is an exciting field for investigators. Green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with Camellia sinensis extract complex are proved to be used in the treatment of the toxicity of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the liver, kidney, and testis of rats. Therefore, the synthesized complex of green nanoparticles using green tea extract (GTE) was tested against the toxicity of MSG on the pancreas. METHODS: The glucose and insulin levels were estimated as well as some biochemical parameters for evaluating the antioxidant status of the pancreas tissue. The histopathological change of the pancreas also has been determined. RESULTS: It indicates the biomedical capability of ZnO NPs/GTE to act as potent antidiabetic through decreasing blood glucose and increasing serum insulin also, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of the antioxidant parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The ZnO NPs/GTE enhanced the pancreatic cell and Langerhans islets as well lowered the sugar levels and stimulated insulin.

Ameliorative Role of Green Tea and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Complex Against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Rats.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to estimate the long-term effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles/green tea (ZnONPs/GTE) complex against monosodium glutamate (MSG). The antioxidant/oxidative status, testosterone levels, DNA damage, and histopathological changes of testis were evaluated. METHODS: The rats were divided into eight groups that were treated as follows: saline, the lower dosage of MSG (6.0 mg/kg), the higher dosage of MSG (17.5 mg/Kg), GTE, ZnONPs, ZnONPs/GTE and the last two groups were treated with the lower dosage of MSG or the higher dosage of MSG with ZnONPs/GTE complex. The data showed minimal toxicity in testicular tissue after the administration of ZnONPs. RESULTS: The MSG treatment in the adult male rats reduced testosterone levels and disrupted testicular histology, which revealed dose-dependence of MSG. Also, ZnONPs induced testicular dysfunction through the interference of antioxidant/oxidant balance and suppression of testosterone levels as well as induction of cellular damage of testis. The combination of ZnONPs with GTE complex significantly protects against MSG or ZnONPs toxicity by decreasing the DNA damage, oxidative stress, and enhancement of antioxidant as well as histological structure of testis. CONCLUSION: We could recommend using ZnONPs/GTE complex to reduce the toxicity of ZnONPs and MSG on the testis at the cellular and oxidative stress levels.