RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In recent years, the role of women in medicine, particularly in surgical practice, has increasingly become a subject for discussion. Traditionally, male doctors have dominated in surgical specialties, especially in urology. Slow rhythm of changes in the structure of the specialty remains the problem relevant, despite the optimistic perspectives of the world urological community gender heterogeneity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have conducted an anonymous survey. Respondents were asked to complete a survey, which included questions from the survey of the European Association of Urology. The sample included 63 women, who were divided into two groups. RESULTS: Despite the opinion of both groups about the lack of a separation into «female¼ and «male¼ specialties, there are concerns about a conflict with stereotypes and ideas about the impossibility of women working in a surgical specialty. Respondents of both groups had more than 70% assurance that in order to achieve professional success, a female surgeon needs more efforts than a male surgeon. In the question of the future status after 10 years, the student population in more than 60% noted the option «operating urologist¼ and less than 10% of respondents chose the «researcher¼. At the same time, the ratio among female-doctors has 41 and 33%, respectively. Among female students, in most cases, indicated the lack of such a dilemma (family/career). Female doctors have a ratio of 50:50, respectively. In the question about pay, more than 75% of respondents were confident about receiving equal pay, similar to male doctors. CONCLUSION: The increasing number of female urologists across the world is a nowadays reality. Rejection of existing stereotypes, elements of gender discrimination from colleagues and patients, mentoring, awareness-building - will help attract young female doctors to the urological specialty. These aspects will be the first step in changing of the current urology.