Parallel convolutional processing using an integrated photonic tensor core.

With the proliferation of ultrahigh-speed mobile networks and internet-connected devices, along with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI)1, the world is generating exponentially increasing amounts of data that need to be processed in a fast and efficient way. Highly parallelized, fast and scalable hardware is therefore becoming progressively more important2. Here we demonstrate a computationally specific integrated photonic hardware accelerator (tensor core) that is capable of operating at speeds of trillions of multiply-accumulate operations per second (1012 MAC operations per second or tera-MACs per second). The tensor core can be considered as the optical analogue of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). It achieves parallelized photonic in-memory computing using phase-change-material memory arrays and photonic chip-based optical frequency combs (soliton microcombs3). The computation is reduced to measuring the optical transmission of reconfigurable and non-resonant passive components and can operate at a bandwidth exceeding 14 gigahertz, limited only by the speed of the modulators and photodetectors. Given recent advances in hybrid integration of soliton microcombs at microwave line rates3-5, ultralow-loss silicon nitride waveguides6,7, and high-speed on-chip detectors and modulators, our approach provides a path towards full complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) wafer-scale integration of the photonic tensor core. Although we focus on convolutional processing, more generally our results indicate the potential of integrated photonics for parallel, fast, and efficient computational hardware in data-heavy AI applications such as autonomous driving, live video processing, and next-generation cloud computing services.

In ovo injection of AZD6244 suppresses feather follicle development by the inhibition of ERK and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways in goose embryos (Anser cygnoides).

1. Feathers are an important product from poultry, and the state of feather growth and development plays an important role in their economic value.2. In total, 120 eggs were selected for immunoblotting and immunolocalisation experiments of ERK and ß-catenin proteins in different developmental stages of goose embryos. The ERK protein was highly expressed in the early stage of goose embryo development, while ß-catenin protein was highly expressed in the middle stage of embryo development.3. The 120 eggs were divided into four treatment groups, including an uninjected group (BLANK), a group injected with 100 µl of cosolvent (CK), a group injected with 100 µl of AZD6244 containing cosolvent in a dose of 5 mg/kg AZD6244 containing cosolvent (AZD5) and a group injected with 100 µl of AZD6244 containing cosolvent in a dose of 15 mg/kg AZD6244 containing cosolvent (AZD15). The eggs were injected on the ninth day of embryonic development (E9). Samples were collected at E21.5 to observe feather width, feather follicle diameter, ERK and Wnt/ß-catenin pathway protein expression.4. The AZD5 and AZD15 doses were within the embryonic safety range compared to the BLANK and CK groups and had no significant effect on the survival rate and weight at the inflection point, but significantly reduced the feather width and feather follicle diameter (p < 0.05). The AZD6244 treatment inhibited ERK protein phosphorylation levels and blocked the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, which in turn significantly down-regulated the expression levels of FZD4, ß-catenin, TCF4 and LEF1 (p < 0.05), with an inhibitory effect in the AZD15 group being more significant. The immunohistochemical results of ß-catenin and p-ERK were consistent with Western blot results.5. The small molecule inhibitor AZD6244 regulated the growth and development of feather follicles in goose embryos by the ERK and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways.

[Association of urinary cadmium levels with peripheral leukocyte classification counts among middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89 in selected areas of China].

Objective: To investigate the association of urinary cadmium levels with peripheral leukocyte classification counts among middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years in selected areas of China. Methods: The research was based on the survey of the impact of soil quality of agricultural land on human health in typical areas conducted in 2019-2020. A total of 5 600 middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years were included by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Baseline characteristics of the subjects were collected and physical examinations were performed. Random midstream urine was collected to measure urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine and fasting venous blood was collected to measure the leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and eosinophil count. The linear mixed effect model was used to analyse the association of urinary cadmium levels with leukocyte classification counts, and the dose-response relationship between them was analyzed by using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) function. Results: The age of the subjects was (63.17±12.02) years; 2 851 (50.91%) were males; and the M (Q1, Q3) of urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels was 2.69 (1.52, 4.69) µg/g·creatinine. After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of linear mixed effects model analysis showed that for each 1-unit increase in urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium level, the percentage change [% (95%CI)] of leukocyte count and lymphocyte count was -1.70% (-2.61%, -0.79%) and -1.57% (-2.86%, -0.26%), respectively. RCS function showed a negative linear relationship between urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels and leukocyte counts and lymphocyte counts, respectively (all Pnon-linear>0.05). Conclusion: Urinary cadmium levels are negatively associated with leukocyte count and lymphocyte count among middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years in selected areas of China.

Impact of shift work on dementia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Although shift work has been reported as having a link to dementia, evidence remains inconsistent, and a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis of the association is still lacking. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to explore the association between shift work and the risk of dementia. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. Fixed or random-effects models were used to estimate the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Generalized least squares regression was used to estimate dose-response associations, and restricted cubic splines were used to examine possible linear or non-linear associations. RESULTS: Five articles (10 studies) with 72,999 participants and 23,067 cases were eventually included in the meta-analysis. The summary RRs and 95% CIs of dementia risk with shift work and night shift work versus daytime work were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05-1.21, I2 = 46.70%) and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.03-1.24, I2 = 9.20%), respectively. The risk of dementia increased by 1% (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02, I2 = 41.3%) with each 1-year increase in the duration of shift work. We found a non-linear dose-response association between the duration of shift work and the risk of dementia (Pnon-linearity = 0.006). Though the shape of the curve was steeper with the duration of shift work <7 years, the increase was more gradual after 7 years. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that shift work may be a risk factor for future dementia and that controlling the length of shift work is a feasible measure that may contribute to prevent dementia.

Effect of antioxidant procyanidin b2 (pcb2) on ovine oocyte developmental potential in response to in vitro maturation (ivm) and vitrification stress.

BACKGROUND: It was demonstrated that external stress, such as in vitro maturation (IVM) and vitrification process can induce significantly reduced development capacity in oocytes. Previous studies indicated that antioxidants play a pivotal part in the acquisition of adaptation in changed conditions. At present, the role of the natural potent antioxidant PCB2 in response to IVM and vitrification during ovine oocyte manipulation has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether PCB2 treatment could improve the developmental potential of ovine oocytes under IVM and vitrification stimuli. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was divided into two parts. Firstly, the effect of PCB2 on the development of oocytes during IVM was evaluated. Un-supplemented and 5 ug per mL PCB2-supplemented in the IVM solution were considered as control and experimental groups (C + 5 ug per mL PCB2). The polar body extrusion (PBE) rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and early apoptosis of oocytes were measured after IVM. Secondly, we further determine whether PCB2 could improve oocyte quality under vitrification stress. The survival rate, PBE rate and early apoptosis of oocytes were compared between fresh group, vitrified group and 5 ug per mL PCB2-supplemented in the IVM solution after vitrification (V + 5 ug per mL PCB2). RESULTS: Compared to the control group, adding PCB2 significantly increased PBE rate (79.4% vs. 62.8%, P < 0.01) and MMP level (1.9 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.04, P < 0.01), and decreased ROS level (47.1 +/- 6.3 vs. 145.3 +/- 8.9, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in ATP content and early apoptosis. Compared to the fresh group, vitrification significantly reduced oocytes viability (43.0% vs. 90.8%, P < 0.01) as well as PBE rate (24.2% vs. 60.6%, P < 0.05). However, 5 ug per mL PCB2-supplemention during maturation had no effect on survival, PBE or early apoptosis in vitrified oocytes. CONCLUSION: PCB2 could effectively antagonise the oxidative stress during IVM and promote oocyte development. DOI: 10.54680/fr23210110412.

Expression of FOXO3 in the skin follicles of goose embryos during embryonic development.

1. The Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) transcription factor is a crucial regulator in controlling cell metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and response to oxidative stress. However, FOXO3 has not previously been studied much in the embryonic skin follicles of geese.2. This study used Zhedong white geese (Anser cygnoides), Jilin white geese (Anser cygnoides) and Hungarian white geese (Anser anser). The feather follicle structure in the dorsal skin during embryonic stages was examined with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Pollak staining. The FOXO3 protein content in the embryonic dorsal skin from feather follicles was detected using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR.3. The mRNA expression level of FOXO3 in the dorsal skin of Jilin white geese was highly expressed on embryonic day 23 (E23; P < 0.01), while mRNA expression of FOXO3 was highly expressed in the feather follicle of Hungarian white geese at E28 (P < 0.01). The expression of FOXO3 protein mainly concentrated in the early embryonic phase among these goose breeds (P < 0.05). This suggested that FOXO3 plays a crucial role in the development and growth of embryonic dorsal skin of feather follicles. The location of the FOXO3 protein was determined using the IHC technique, which further verified the effect of FOXO3 in the dorsal skin for feather follicles during embryogenesis.4. The study demonstrated the differential expression and localisation of the FOXO3 gene among different goose species. It was speculated that the gene could potentially improve goose feather follicle development and feather-related traits and provide a basis for further understanding of FOXO3 function in the dorsal tissue of goose embryos.

[Analyze of the correlation and corresponding value of serum C-peptide and insulin in adult population].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum C-peptide and in adult population, and establish the corresponding insulin values of serum C-peptide levels. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The clinical data of the adults who underwent physical examination in the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively included. The participants were divided into type 2 diabetes group, prediabetes group and normal plasma glucose group according to the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. The correlation between serum C-peptide and insulin was explored by Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, and nonlinear regression analysis, and the corresponding insulin values of serum C-peptide were established. Results: A total of 48 008 adults were enrolled, including 31 633 males (65.9%) and 16 375 females (34.1%), aged (50.1±9.9) years (18-89 years). There were 8 160 subjects (17.0%) with type 2 diabetes, 13 263 subjects (27.6%) with prediabetes, and 26 585 subjects (55.4%) with normal plasma glucose. The serum fasting C-peptide (FCP, M(Q1, Q3)] of the three groups were 2.76(2.18, 3.47), 2.54(1.99, 3.21) and 2.18(1.71, 2.79)µg/L, respectively. The fasting insulin [FINS, M(Q1,Q3)] of the three groups were 10.98(7.57, 16.09), 10.06(6.95, 14.47) and 8.43(5.86,12.12)mU/L, respectively. FCP was positively correlated with FINS (r=0.82), and 2 h postprandial C-peptide (2 h CP) was positively correlated with 2 h postprandial insulin (2 h INS) (r=0.84) (both P<0.001). FCP was linearly associated with FINS (R2=0.68), and 2 h CP was linearly associated with 2 h INS (R2=0.71) (both P<0.001). There was a power function correlation between FCP and FINS (R2=0.74), and 2 h CP and 2 h INS (R2=0.78) (both P<0.001). The results of the statistical analysis were similar in various glucose metabolism subgroups. Since the fitting degree of the power function model was higher than that of the linear model, the power function model was the best model. The power function equation was FINS=2.96×FCP1.32, and 2 h INS=1.64×(2 h CP)1.60, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that FCP was a related factor of FINS (R2=0.70, P<0.001) and 2 h CP was a related factor of 2 h INS (R2=0.73, P<0.001), after adjusting for related confounders. Conclusions: There was a power function correlation between FCP and FINS, 2 h CP and 2 h INS in adult population. The insulin values corresponding to C-peptide levels were established in the study.

[Analysis of fast-growing culturable bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the surface water of the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China].

Objective: To obtain the diversity and abundance of fast-growing bacteria in the surface water of the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China, different cultivation methods were employed. This study also aims to provide a reference for isolating bacterial samples from seawater sources and preventing marine-derived pathogens. Methods: Based on the principles of taxonomic design, surface seawater samples were collected from six locations along the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China in March, June, October, and December 2021. Then, bacterial enrichment was performed based on traditional cultivation methods for Salmonella, Vibrio, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Actinomycetes, and general marine bacteria. After that, bacterial species identification was conducted by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Results: A total of 1 151 fast-growing cultivable bacteria belonging to 66 genera and 213 species were identified using five different culture protocols. In different cultivation protocols, Bacillus and Klebsiella demonstrated extensive discriminatory advantages and ranked among the top genera in terms of abundance. Protocol 1 had Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter as dominant genera. Pathogenic bacteria detected by protocol 1 included Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, with 37 and 29 strains respectively, while Salmonella enterica was uniquely detected with seven isolates. Proteus, Enterococcus, and Providencia were the dominant genera in protocol 2, and Proteus mirabilis was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 66 isolates. Vibrio cholerae was uniquely detected with six isolates at a higher abundance. Klebsiella, Escherichia, and Acinetobacter were the dominant genera in protocol 3, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 53 isolates, while Acinetobacter nosocomialis was uniquely detected with seven isolates. Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas were the dominant genera in protocol 4, and they showed advantages in isolating and cultivating Marine-derived Vibrio. Exiguobacterium, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus were the dominant genera in protocol 5. Bacillus cereus and Lactococcus lactis were the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 20 and 15 isolates, respectively, while Lactococcus lactis was uniquely detected at higher abundance. Metagenomic sequencing showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly dominant with a gene abundance of 51.11%, followed by Alcanivorax sp. at 12.57%. Conclusion: The surface water of the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China exhibits a rich diversity of bacteria, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being highly abundant in the studied area. Different cultivation methods demonstrate distinct selective advantages in culturing bacterial genera and pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize cultivation conditions for specific marine bacteria.

[Relationship between hemoglobin and serum uric acid in adults with various glucose metabolism status].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between hemoglobin and serum uric acid in adults with various glucose metabolism status. Methods: The demographic data and biochemical indicators of the adult population who had received physical examination in the Second Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were collected. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the level of serum uric acid: the normal uric acid group and the hyperuricemia group. The relationship between hemoglobin (stratified into four levels of Q1 to Q4 by the quartile) and serum uric acid was quantified by using Pearson correlation and logistic regression analysis. The effects of age and glucose metabolism status on the relationship between hemoglobin and serum uric acid were analyzed. Results: A total of 33 183 adults were enrolled with age (50.6±10.0) years. The level of hemoglobin in the normal uric acid group (142.61±14.24) g/L was significantly lower than that in the hyperuricemia group [(151.79±11.24) g/L, P<0.001]. Univariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that hemoglobin was positively associated with serum uric acid (r=0.444, P<0.001). After adjusting for related confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hemoglobin was associated with serum uric acid, and the OR values (95%CI) of hemoglobin Q2 to Q4 group were 1.29 (1.13-1.48), 1.42 (1.24-1.62) and 1.51 (1.32-1.72), respectively (Ptrend<0.001) when compared with hemoglobin Q1 group. Subgroup analysis and hierarchical interaction analysis suggested that with the increase of hemoglobin, the serum uric acid in the age<60 years subgroup, normal glucose subgroup and prediabetes subgroup increased gradually (Ptrend<0.05 and Pinteraction<0.001). Conclusion: The association between hemoglobin and serum uric acid in adults is affected by age and glucose metabolism status.

[Research progress on the mechanism of action of mitophagy in the occurrence and development of liver cancer].

Mitophagy, as an important link in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and environmental homeostasis in the liver, can remove damaged mitochondria and provide energy through autophagy and other processes. Additionally, it plays a dual role in the occurrence and development of liver cancer and can affect the therapeutic effect of liver cancer through a variety of signaling pathways. This article reviews the relationship between mitophagy and hepatitis B virus infection, liver cancer occurrence and development, liver cancer stem cells, mitochondrial division and fusion, therapeutic resistance and invasiveness of liver cancer, and other aspects.

Research and application of a new multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for cold stress in dairy cows.

Effective and comprehensive evaluation of cold stress is critical for healthy dairy cow breeding in the winter. Previous studies on dairy cow cold stress have considered thermal environmental factors but not physiological factors or air quality. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method for cold stress in dairy cows based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a genetic algorithm (GA). First, the AHP was used to construct an evaluation index system for cold stress in dairy cows from 3 dimensions: thermal environment (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and illumination), physiological factors (respiratory rate, body surface temperature), and air quality [NH3, CO2, inhalable particulate matter (PM10)]. Second, the consistency test of the judgment matrix was transformed into a nonlinear constrained optimization problem and solved using the GA. Next, based on fuzzy set theory, the comment set and membership function were established to classify the degree of cold stress into 5 levels: none, mild, moderate, high, and extreme. Then, the degree of cold stress in cows was obtained using multilevel fuzzy comprehensive judgment. To investigate the effect of illumination indicators on cold stress in dairy cows, 24 prelactation cows from the south and north sides were selected for a 117-d comprehensive cold stress evaluation. The results showed that the mean mild cold stress durations were 605.3 h (25.22 d) and 725.5 h (30.23 d) and the moderate cold stress durations were 67.2 h (2.8 d) and 96 h (4.0 d) on the south and north sides, respectively. Simultaneously, generalized linear mixed model showed that there were significant correlations between the daily cold stress duration and milk yield, feeding time, lying time, and active steps in the cows on both sides. This method can reasonably indicate cow cold stress conditions and better guide cold protection practices in actual production.

Pregnancy of cryopreserved ovine embryos at different developmental stages.

BACKGROUND: Developmental stage and cryopreservation method have significant impact on the pregnancy rate after transfer of embryos produced in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To determine the pregnancy outcomes from ovine embryos cryopreserved at different developmental stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embryos at different developmental stages were obtained from donor ewes through simultaneous estrus treatment and laparoscopic artificial insemination. Embryos, either cryopreserved via vitrification or slow freezing method, were implanted into recipient ewes. The pregnancy rate was determined 35 days after transfer. RESULTS: The pregnancy rate of developing embryos increases after transfer from the morula stage, early blastocyst to expanded blastocyst stages (64.9%, 73.9% and 81.3%, respectively). However, cryopreservation significantly decreases the pregnancy rate of embryos at all three developmental stages, and there is no significant difference among developmental stages (43.9%, 43.7%, 52.9%, respectively). There is also no significant difference in the pregnancy rate between slowly-frozen embryos and vitrified embryos. CONCLUSION: The pregnancy outcomes of embryo transfer is better at the expanded blastocyst stage than at earlier stages. However, no difference is observed in the pregnancy rate of embryos at different developmental stage after cryopreservation, either by slow freezing and vitrification. Cryopreservation methods for ovine embryos, both slow freezing and vitrification, need further improvement. doi.org/10.54680/fr22510110512.

[Analysis of treatment failure phenotype and prognostic factors of stage â non-small cell lung cancer].

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most severe malignant tumors worldwide. Lobectomy and systematic nodal dissection remain the standard treatment for stageⅠNSCLC. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become the standard treatment for medically inoperable patients. Though the prognosis of stage Ⅰ NSCLC patients is generally good, there are still about 20% of patients with local recurrence and distant metastasis. There is significant heterogeneity in the prognosis and failure phenotype of patients, which cannot be precisely distinguished by the pathological TNM classification system. Identification of the risk factors for the prognosis of patients with stage Ⅰ NSCLC is a key step to realize the treatment from experience to precision. Screening the high-risk patients will facilitate to individually develop the adjuvant therapy strategy after surgery or SBRT and improve the overall curative effect. There are many factors that are significantly related to the prognosis of stage Ⅰ NSCLC including individual factors such as gender, age, and systemic inflammatory biomarkers; treatment-related factors such as the extent of surgical resection of the primary tumor and lymph nodes, the choice of different radiation rays, and different dose fractionation; and tumor-related factors such as imaging information, pathology information; and molecular biology information. This review will analyze the treatment failure phenotype and prognostic factors of stageⅠ NSCLC in various perspectives such as individual-, tumor- and treatment-related factors.

[Deep learning-assisted construction of three-demensional facial midsagittal plane].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a deep learning algorithm that can accurately determine three-dimensional facial anatomical landmarks, multi-view stacked hourglass convolutional neural networks (MSH-CNN) and to construct three-dimensional facial midsagittal plane automatically based on MSH-CNN and weighted Procrustes analysis algorithm. METHODS: One hundred subjects with no obvious facial deformity were collected in our oral clinic. Three-dimensional facial data were scanned by three-dimensional facial scanner. Experts annotated twenty-one facial landmarks and midsagittal plane of each data. Eighty three-dimensional facial data were used as training set, to train the MSH-CNN in this study. The overview of MSH-CNN network architecture contained multi-view rendering and training the MSH-CNN network. The three-dimensional facial data were rendered from ninety-six views that were fed to MSH-CNN and the output was one heatmap per landmark. The result of the twenty-one landmarks was accurately placed on the three-dimensional facial data after a three-dimensional view ray voting process. The remaining twenty three-dimensional facial data were used as test set. The trained MSH-CNN automatically determined twenty-one three-dimensional facial anatomical landmarks of each case of data, and calculated the distance between each MSH-CNN landmark and the expert landmark, which was defined as position error. The midsagittal plane of the twenty subjects' could be automatically constructed, using the MSH-CNN and Procrustes analysis algorithm. To evaluate the effect of midsagittal plane by automatic method, the angle between the midsagittal plane constructed by the automatic method and the expert annotated plane was calculated, which was defined as angle error. RESULTS: For twenty subjects with no obvious facial deformity, the average angle error of the midsagittal plane constructed by MSH-CNN and weighted Procrustes analysis algorithm was 0.73°±0.50°, in which the average position error of the twenty-one facial landmarks automatically determined by MSH-CNN was (1.13±0.24) mm, the maximum position error of the orbital area was (1.31±0.54) mm, and the minimum position error of the nasal area was (0.79±0.36) mm. CONCLUSION: This research combines deep learning algorithms and Procrustes analysis algorithms to realize the fully automated construction of the three-dimensional midsagittal plane, which initially achieves the construction effect of clinical experts. The obtained results constituted the basis for the independent intellectual property software development.

[Change of innate lymphoid cell subsets in peripheral bloods and ascites in liver cirrhotic patients complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis].

Objective: To investigate the change of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) subsets in peripheral blood and ascites in liver cirrhotic patients complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Methods: The data of 62 patients with liver cirrhosis admited to the Zhumadian Central Hospital from November 2019 to November 2020 were analyzed. Among them, 41 cases were complicated with untainted ascites (untainted ascites group), while the other 21 cases were complicated with SBP (SBP group). Meanwhile, 20 cases of controls who received healthy examination in the same period were also enrolled (control group). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was isolated from peripheral blood of all patients and controls. Mononuclear cell in ascites was isolated from patients with liver cirrhosis. The percentage of ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3 subsets in PBMC and mononuclear cell in ascites were measured by flow cytometry. CD3-CD19-CD20-CD14- cells (lin-cells) were purified from ascites and were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. The transcription factor T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt mRNA relative level in lin-cells was semi-quantified by real-time PCR. Cytokine level in the supernatants was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Differences of ILC subsets in peripheral blood and ascites were compared among groups. Results: There were twenty-nine males and twelve females in untainted ascites group, aged M(Q1,Q3) 49(33, 78) years. There were twelve males and nine females in SBP group, aged 50(37, 76) years. There were eleven males and nine females in control group, aged 48(32, 69) years. lin-CD45+CD161+CD127+ ILC cells could be detected in both peripheral blood and ascites. There was no significant difference in total ILC percentage within PBMC among untainted ascites group, SBP group, and control group (P=0.235). There was also no significant difference of total ILC percentage within mononuclear cells in ascites between untainted ascites group and SBP group (P=0.232). The differences were not statistically significant of peripheral CD117-CRTh2-ILC1, CRTh2+ILC2, or CD117+CRTh2-ILC3 within peripheral ILC among untainted ascites group, SBP group, and control group (all P>0.05). ILC1 percentage in ascites was up-regulated in SBP group compared with untainted ascites group (35.69%±3.39% vs 26.40%±3.85%, P<0.001), while ILC2 in ascites was down-regulated in SBP group (36.83%±7.70% vs 48.35%±9.45%, P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in ILC3 percentage in ascites between the two groups (P=0.230). T-bet mRNA relative level and IFN-γ production by lin- cells from ascites were elevated in response to LPS stimulation in SBP group compared with untainted ascites group (both P<0.001). GATA3 mRNA relative level and IL-5/IL-13 secretion by lin-cells from ascites were reduced in SBP group compared with untainted ascites group (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference of RORγt mRNA relative level or IL-17/IL-22 expression between the two groups (both P>0.05). Conclusion: Peripheral ILC subsets do not change in liver cirrhosis patients with SBP. ILC1 percentage is up-regulated, and ILC2 percentage is down-regulated in ascites in liver cirrhosis patients with SBP.

[The progress, challenges and opportunities of neonatal genome screening].

Neonatal screening is one of the crucial parts of the tertiary prevention strategy to reduce congenital disability. Traditional neonatal screening, mainly focusing on genetic metabolic diseases, has limitations in disease types and requires genetic testing for further validation and accurate typing. Currently, conducting genetic screening based on biochemical metabolite screening has become the trend in neonatal screening. This article synthesizes the current state of neonatal genome screening at home and abroad. Herein, the comprehensive concepts of "SNV Plus" (single nucleotide variation plus) and "CNV Plus" (copy number variation plus) have been proposed to develop a new technology that can detect the gene structure of SNV and CNV simultaneously and improve the level of neonatal genome screening based on characteristics of the pathogenic gene structure.

[Association between metabolically healthy obesity and incident risk of stroke in adult aged over 40 from rural Henan province].

Objective: To investigate the association between metabolically healthy obesity and the incident risk of stroke in people aged ≥40 years from rural areas of Henan Province. Methods: During 2007 to 2008, 20 194 residents aged ≥18 years were selected for baseline examination by random cluster sampling and 17 265 participants were followed up during 2013 to 2014. According to the aim of current study, a total of 11 864 eligible subjects were included in this post-hoc analysis. Depending on body mass index and metabolic status, subjects were divided into four groups: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obesity. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of stroke. Results: The median (Q1, Q3) age of study participants was 54(46, 61) years, and 4 526 participants were men. During the mean follow-up of 6 years, the cumulative incidence of stroke was 7.16%. The incidence of stroke in metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically abnormal normal weight, and metabolically abnormal obesity were 3.73%, 4.61%, 8.99% and 9.38%, respectively (χ²=117.458, P<0.001). After adjusting possible confounding factors, compared with metabolically healthy normal weight, the risk of stroke was significantly increased in the metabolically healthy obesity group, metabolically abnormal normal weight group and metabolically abnormal obesity group with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.52(1.10-2.12), 2.11(1.61-2.77) and 2.78(2.18-3.55), respectively. Stratified analysis showed that the risk of stroke was significantly higher in metabolically healthy obesity people aged 40-59 years compared with metabolically healthy normal weight group (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.36-3.30). Conclusion: Metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obesity are positively associated with the risk of stroke.

[Post-tuberculosis lung disease: a neglected disease].

Globally, the number of patients with post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is huge, with high morbidity and mortality. PTLD is defined as chronic respiratory abnormality that affects large and small airways (bronchiectasis and obstructive lung disease), lung parenchyma, pulmonary vasculature, and pleura and may be complicated, with or without symptoms, attributable at least in part to previous pulmonary tuberculosis. The aforementioned chronic respiratory abnormality may be complicated due to coinfection such as fungi and nontuberculosis mycobacteria. Risk factors for PTLD include multiple episodes of tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis, delays in diagnosis, smoking, and possible diabetes. Empirical expert opinion advocates preventive anti-tuberculosis treatment for high-risk groups of tuberculosis, early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, surgical treatment for specific groups, pulmonary rehabilitation for patients after tuberculosis treatment, early identification and treatment of co-infection. It is effective to prevent the occurrence of PTLD, improve the treatment effect, and prevent the deterioration of the disease. As a high TB burden country, PTLD has been seriously neglected in China. Internationally, there is currently a lack of epidemiological survey data on post-TB pulmonary disease, and there are few studies on its clinical characteristics, risk factors, prevention, and treatment. With an emerging literature on PTLD, collaborative research is urgently needed to inform our understanding of the natural history, prevention, and treatment of PTLD, and to allow for the development of much needed evidence-based guidelines.

[Risk factors of newly developed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after pancreaticoduodenectomy].

Objective: To identify the risk factors of newly developed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD). Methods: The clinical data of 130 patients who had undergone PD at Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University from June 2018 to December 2020 were collected retrospectively. There were 74 males and 56 females, with age(M(IQR)) of 62(16) years (range: 22 to 84 years). Twenty-nine patients who developed NAFLD were divided into NAFLD group and 101 patients who did not suffer NAFLD were divided into no NAFLD group. Observation indications included:(1)preoperative demographics,intraoperative and postoperative characteristics; (2)the risk factors of newly developed NAFLD after PD. Count data were analyzed using χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. Measurement data were analyzed by student t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Logistic regression model with a stepwise forward approach. Results: All 130 patients successfully underwent PD and 29 cases(22.3%) developed NAFLD in 6 months after PD. The results of univariate analysis showed that gender,diabetic mellitus,the level of triglyceride preoperatively,and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were the related factors of the development of NAFLD after PD(t=-2.655, χ²=4.563,U=-2.192,χ²=7.044;all P<0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that gender,body mass index and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were independent risk factors for the development of NAFLD after PD(OR=2.849,1.214,4.165,all P<0.05). Conclusion: Gender, body mass index and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were independent risk factors for the development of NAFLD after PD.