RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate an automated deep learning model to predict the anatomical outcome of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery. METHODS: Six thousand six hundred and sixty-one digital images of RRD treated by vitrectomy and internal tamponade were collected from the British and Eire Association of Vitreoretinal Surgeons database. Each image was classified as a primary surgical success or a primary surgical failure. The synthetic minority over-sampling technique was used to address class imbalance. We adopted the state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network architecture Inception v3 to train, validate, and test deep learning models to predict the anatomical outcome of RRD surgery. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity for predicting the outcome of RRD surgery was calculated for the best predictive deep learning model. RESULTS: The deep learning model was able to predict the anatomical outcome of RRD surgery with an AUC of 0.94, with a corresponding sensitivity of 73.3% and a specificity of 96%. CONCLUSION: A deep learning model is capable of accurately predicting the anatomical outcome of RRD surgery. This fully automated model has potential application in surgical care of patients with RRD.
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Aprendizaje Profundo , Desprendimiento de Retina , Humanos , Desprendimiento de Retina/diagnóstico , Desprendimiento de Retina/cirugía , Proyectos Piloto , Inteligencia Artificial , Agudeza Visual , Estudios Retrospectivos , Vitrectomía/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/etiología , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Neuritis Óptica/etiología , Tuberculosis/complicaciones , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/inmunología , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/microbiología , Humanos , Neuritis Óptica/inmunología , Tuberculosis/microbiologíaAsunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/etiología , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Neuritis Óptica/etiología , Órbita/diagnóstico por imagen , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/complicaciones , Adulto , Electrorretinografía , Potenciales Evocados Visuales/fisiología , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/diagnóstico , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/fisiopatología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Neuritis Óptica/diagnóstico , Neuritis Óptica/fisiopatología , Radiografía Torácica , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnósticoAsunto(s)
Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Tamizaje Neonatal , Oftalmoscopía/métodos , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/diagnóstico , Capacidad Cardiovascular/fisiología , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/fisiopatología , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Digital retinal imaging is at the core of a revolution that is continually improving the screening, diagnosis, documentation, monitoring, and treatment of infant retinal diseases. Historically, imaging the retina of infants had been limited and difficult to obtain. Recent advances in photographic instrumentation have significantly improved the ability to obtain high quality multimodal images of the infant retina. These include color fundus photography with different camera angles, ultrasonography, fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. We provide a summary of the current literature on retinal imaging in infants and highlight areas where further research is required.
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Retina , Enfermedades de la Retina , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Fondo de Ojo , Humanos , Lactante , Retina/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the conception and evaluation of a novel educational intervention to teach direct ophthalmoscopy with retinal simulators using a peer-assessed group objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) format. DESIGN: Prospective, single-centre educational trial at Oxford University Medical School, Oxford, U.K. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 160 consecutive undergraduate fifth-year medical students participated in the study. METHODS: Students identified prior experience, teaching, examination, and feedback relevant to direct ophthalmoscopy. Students self-evaluated their perceived confidence across 6 domains of direct ophthalmoscopy examination before and after the educational intervention using a Likert-type psychometric scale. Wilcoxon matched pair testing was used to determine statistical significance for each domain. RESULTS: The group OSCE intervention increased confidence in direct ophthalmoscopy overall from 2.5% to 63.8% (p < 0.001). Confidence improved in all 6 domains, most significantly in controls of ophthalmoscope (p < 0.001) and sequence of examination (p < 0.001) but also in the identification and interpretation of retinal signs (p < 0.001). Students rated the tutorial as very effective or effective across all 6 domains, and 96.29% rated the tutorial as effective overall. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal simulation, integrated with a peer-assessed group OSCE format, is effective in increasing confidence in all aspects of direct ophthalmoscopy. It may be insufficient alone for training in the identification and interpretation of posterior segment clinical signs. Diminishing ophthalmology clerkships worldwide require ophthalmologists to identify innovative teaching methods, using modern technology and pedagogy to deliver high-quality, yet high-throughput, training in direct ophthalmoscopy. This novel teaching strategy may be considered by ophthalmologists responsible for direct ophthalmoscopy training in a teaching hospital context.
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Competencia Clínica , Simulación por Computador , Educación de Pregrado en Medicina/métodos , Oftalmología/educación , Oftalmoscopía/métodos , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Enseñanza , Evaluación Educacional , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios ProspectivosAsunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud , COVID-19/epidemiología , Miedo , Pandemias , Admisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Degeneración Macular Húmeda/epidemiología , Anciano , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Degeneración Macular Húmeda/psicología , Degeneración Macular Húmeda/terapiaAsunto(s)
Aerosoles/análisis , Contaminación del Aire Interior/análisis , Facoemulsificación/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Vitrectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Microbiología del Aire , COVID-19/transmisión , Infección Hospitalaria/transmisión , Infección Hospitalaria/virología , Ojo/virología , Humanos , Modelos Anatómicos , Facoemulsificación/efectos adversos , Vitrectomía/efectos adversosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of ultra-widefield retinal imaging in patients with near infrared (IR)-transmitting black intraocular lenses (IOLs). SETTING: Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. DESIGN: Laboratory evaluation of a diagnostic technology with interventional case report. METHODS: The field of retinal imaging through a Morcher poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) black IOL was determined in a purpose-built adult schematic model eye with the HRA2 Spectralis confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope using standard imaging, Staurenghi retina lens-assisted imaging, and ultra-widefield noncontact imaging. Retinal imaging using each modality was then performed on a patient implanted with another Morcher PMMA black IOL model. RESULTS: Ultra-widefield noncontact imaging and lens-assisted imaging captured up to 150 degrees of field (versus 40 degrees with a standard confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope). Ultra-widefield retinal images were successfully acquired in a patient eye with a black IOL. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified the first ultra-widefield retinal imaging modalities for patients with near IR-transmitting black IOLs. Should larger studies confirm this finding, noncontact ultra-widefield confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy might be considered the gold standard imaging technique for retinal surveillance in patients with near IR-transmitting black IOLs. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Lentes Intraoculares , Facoemulsificación , Polimetil Metacrilato , Retina/fisiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Diagnóstico por Imagen/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Rayos Infrarrojos , Oftalmoscopios , Diseño de Prótesis , Campos Visuales/fisiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasma chorioretinitis is a leading cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide. METHODS: We report an atypical presentation of Toxoplasma chorioretinitis presenting after uneventful cataract surgery in an 81-year-old male, with known hypernephroma and rheumatoid arthritis, treated with prednisolone and methotrexate. RESULTS: He was treated for acute retinal necrosis and cytomegalovirus retinitis before Toxoplasma chorioretinitis was confirmed by vitreous biopsy 11 months after presentation. He developed a secondary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, treated successfully with pars plana vitrectomy, silicone oil and endolaser. Visual acuity at discharge was 6/12 following silicone oil removal. DISCUSSION: Necrotising chorioretinitis in immunosuppressed or elderly patients may present with an atypical phenotype. Clinical diagnosis in this context remains challenging. We discuss the clinical reasoning behind investigation and management of this patient group in whom viral and Toxoplasma retinitis may be clinically indistinguishable. The significance of vitreous PCR results in clinical decision making in the context of infectious posterior uveitis is discussed.
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Coriorretinitis/etiología , Facoemulsificación/efectos adversos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Coriorretinitis/diagnóstico , Coriorretinitis/cirugía , Coroides/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Reoperación , Retina/patología , Agudeza Visual , Vitrectomía/métodosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To describe the intraoperative use of the Heidelberg Spectralis for ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography in infants. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. METHODS: A modified Heidelberg Spectralis was used to perform ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography in infants undergoing an examination under general anesthesia for a range of retinal vasculopathies. Peripheral angiographic findings, angiographic image acquisition time, and any complications were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 22 eyes of 11 infants underwent intraoperative ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography using the modified Heidelberg Spectralis. Ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography was successfully performed in all infants and permitted capture of the posterior pole as well as the peripheral retina in a single shot centered on the macula. Peripheral retinal pathologies captured include neovascularization, capillary nonperfusion, and skip areas from previous laser treatment. Capturing of angiographic images took a mean time of 7.09 minutes. Image artifact from condensation of the ultra-widefield lens was noted during imaging of 1 infant. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Heidelberg Spectralis is an effective and reliable imaging tool for performing ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography in infants. It is capable of capturing wide-angle images of high quality. The technique has advantages as an alternative to RetCam fluorescein angiography in infants undergoing an examination under general anesthesia.
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Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Enfermedades Vasculares Periféricas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Auditoría Clínica , Colorantes/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/instrumentación , Humanos , Verde de Indocianina , Lactante , Periodo Intraoperatorio , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Intravitreal silicone oil achieves an effective endotamponade in patients with complex retinal detachments. Silicone oil displacement into the anterior chamber risks glaucoma and endothelial failure. We describe a 52-year-old patient with pseudophakia with silicone oil endotamponade presenting with visual loss and intraocular pressure of 60 mm Hg. Inferior YAG iridotomy was undertaken to repatriate silicone oil to the posterior segment. Despite normal intraocular pressure, acute corneal oedema occurred postiridotomy, resolving spontaneously over 2 weeks. Pupil block glaucoma secondary to silicone oil requires a management approach based on an understanding of silicone oil fluidics. Careful selection of inferior laser iridotomy site is critical to effectively reverse pupil block. Anterior migration of silicone oil in patients with pseudophakia is rare. We offer an hypothesis to explain unanticipated transient corneal oedema following silicone oil displacement from the anterior chamber. Clinicians must discuss the possibility of transient or permanent endothelial failure preoperatively in this patient group.
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Endotaponamiento/métodos , Glaucoma/etiología , Seudofaquia/complicaciones , Aceites de Silicona/uso terapéutico , Edema Corneal/etiología , Endotaponamiento/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Seudofaquia/terapia , Desprendimiento de Retina/complicaciones , Desprendimiento de Retina/terapia , VitrectomíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility of Ultra wide-field intravenous fundus fluorescein angiography (UWF-IV-FFA) in infants. METHODS: A retrospective review of infants who underwent UWF-IV-FFA with the Optos P200MA was performed. The ability to capture different phases of the angiogram, the total image acquisition time and the presence of image artefacts were analysed. RESULTS: Twelve infants with a variety of proliferative retinopathies underwent UWF-IV-FFA over a 7-month period. The mean age was 3.4 months (range 2-6 months) and the mean image acquisition time was 4 min (range 3-5). Pseudocolour fundus images and the venous, recirculation and late phases of UWF-IV-FFA were captured successfully in all infants (100%). Choroidal and arterial phases were captured in one (8.3%) and 10 (83.3%) infants, respectively. Image artefacts due to eyelashes and corneal desiccation occurred in nine (75%) and six (50%) infants, respectively. No adverse medical problems were noted. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that UWF-IV-FFA can be successfully and safely performed in infants using the Optos P200MA system. It is a feasible new alternative to RetCam for obtaining an IV-FFA in the outpatients setting.
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Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Fluoresceína , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Oftalmoscopios , Vitreorretinopatía Proliferativa/diagnóstico , Atención Ambulatoria , Estudios de Factibilidad , Fluoresceína/administración & dosificación , Colorantes Fluorescentes/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Lactante , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Midriáticos/administración & dosificación , Fotograbar , Pupila/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
IMPORTANCE: We report for the first time, to our knowledge, the acquisition of noncontact ultra-wide-field oral fluorescein angiograms in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity. OBSERVATIONS: High-resolution oral fluorescein angiograms were successfully obtained in 3 consecutive premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity at the Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, England, using the Optos Panoramic 200MA imaging system (Optos PLC). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Noncontact ultra-wide-field oral fluorescein angiograms captured using the Optos Panoramic 200MA fluorescein angiographic system provide a safe and alternative method for evaluating the retinal vasculature in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity.
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Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Fluoresceína , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Vasos Retinianos/patología , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/diagnóstico , Administración Oral , Ciclopentolato/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Fluoresceína/administración & dosificación , Colorantes Fluorescentes/administración & dosificación , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recien Nacido con Peso al Nacer Extremadamente Bajo , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Masculino , Midriáticos/administración & dosificación , Pupila/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
When fluorescein angioscopy or angiography is required in an infant, it is usually performed in the operating theater or neonatal unit. We report a case of an infant with incontinentia pigmenti in whom we were able to acquire angiographic information in an office setting by using an ultra-widefield non-contact system with oral fluorescein.