Homogenous access to fetal cardiac care in a heterogeneous state.

BACKGROUND: Timely prenatal diagnosis of CHD allows families to participate in complex decisions and plan for the care of their child. This study sought to investigate whether timing of initial fetal echocardiogram and the characteristics of fetal counselling were impacted by parental socio-economic factors. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of fetal cardiac patients from 1 January, 2017 to 31 December, 2018. We reviewed gestational age at first fetal echo, maternal age and ethnicity, zip code, rurality index, and hospital distance. Counselling was evaluated based on documentation regarding use of interpreter, time billed for counselling, and treatment option chosen. RESULTS: Total of 139 maternal-fetal dyads were included, and 29 dyads had single-ventricle heart disease. There was no difference in income, hospital distance or rurality index, and first fetal echo timing. There was no significant difference between maternal ethnicity and maternal age, gestational age at initial visit, or follow-up. Patients in rural areas had increased counselling time (p < .05). There was no difference between socio-economic factors and ultimate parental choices (termination, palliative delivery, or cardiac interventions). CONCLUSION: Oregon comprises a heterogeneous population from a large geographical catchment. While prenatal counselling and family decision-making are multifaceted, we demonstrated that dyads were referred from across the state and received care in a uniformly timely manner, and once at our centre received consistent counselling despite differences in parental socio-economic factors.

[About a case of Fraser syndrome. Autopsy of a 37 weeks gestation fetus with multiple malformations]. / A propósito de un caso de síndrome de Fraser. Autopsia de un feto de 37 semanas de gestación con múltiples malformaciones.

Fraser syndrome or cryptophthalmos-syndactyly syndrome is a rare genetic disease, the diagnosis of which is based on a series of major and minor clinical criteria and that can be supported by genetic tests. This article presents the case of a fetal autopsy at 37 weeks of gestation with suspicion of CHAOS syndrome (congenital obstructive syndrome of the upper airways).

Do Standardized Scripts Improve Interpreter Use by Spanish-Speaking Patients?

Patients with limited English-proficiency (LEP) who need but do not receive interpreters have lower satisfaction and poorer understanding. A knowledge gap remains regarding the optimal way to offer interpreters. Using standardized scripts, we will determine whether the questions we use to offer interpreters increase utilization. Pilot prospective cohort study of postpartum mothers with LEP. Subjects were assigned one of three unique scripted question offering an interpreter. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Fifty-five LEP patients were randomized into three study arms with similar sociodemographics. Overall interpreter use was 80% (44/55). There was a significant difference in interpreter utilization: 82.4%, 63.6%, 100%, respectively by arm (p = 0.015). Highest interpreter utilization occurred with "In what language do you prefer to receive your medical care?". There is opportunity for providers to refine the way they offer interpreters to optimize utilization.

[Antibiotic escalation with the inclusion of a checklist in the pediatric intensive care unit]. / Escalamiento de antimicrobianos con la inclusión de una lista de verificación en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic surveillance improves the appropriate antibiotic therapy. AIM: To decrease the antibiotic scaling, 48 hours after starting prescription in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: A ambispective cohort study was performed in the PICU including patients admitted in whom antibiotic therapy was started and a checklist was applied prospectively. They were compared with a historical cohort, prior the checklist. The main outcome was the antibiotic scaling 48 hours after starting and the secondary endpoints were consultation with infectious diseases (ID) specialist and vancomycin prescription. To compare the variables between the two cohorts, the χ2 test, Fischer test and U Mann-Whitney test were used. The results of the main variables were expressed in RR and RAR. The study was approved by the institution's Ethics Committee. RESULTS: 70 patients were admitted in the checklist cohort and they were compared with 124 patients of the historical cohort. The checklist implementation decreased the antibiotic scaling at 48 h after starting from 56.4 to 21.4% (p < 0.0001) ARR = 35% and vancomycin prescription from 64.5 to 40% (p < 0.001) ARR =24.5%. The consultation with ID specialist increased from 9.6 to 32.8% (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in mortality and duration of antibiotic therapy at 10 days of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The checklist implementation decreased the antibiotic scaling,48 hs after starting and the vancomycin prescription while the ID specialist consultation increased.

Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, requiring mask reuse or improvisation. We provide a review of medical-grade facial protection (surgical masks, N95 respirators and face shields) for healthcare workers, the safety and efficacy of decontamination methods, and the utility of alternative strategies in emergency shortages or resource-scarce settings. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of PubMed and grey literature related to facial protection and potential adaptation strategies in the setting of PPE shortages (January 2000 to March 2020). Limitations included few COVID-19-specific studies and exclusion of non-English language articles. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the evidence based on relevant healthcare settings to increase practical utility in decision-making. RESULTS: We retrieved 5462 peer-reviewed articles and 41 grey literature records. In total, we included 67 records which met inclusion criteria. Compared with surgical masks, N95 respirators perform better in laboratory testing, may provide superior protection in inpatient settings and perform equivalently in outpatient settings. Surgical mask and N95 respirator conservation strategies include extended use, reuse or decontamination, but these strategies may result in inferior protection. Limited evidence suggests that reused and improvised masks should be used when medical-grade protection is unavailable. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to critical shortages of medical-grade PPE. Alternative forms of facial protection offer inferior protection. More robust evidence is required on different types of medical-grade facial protection. As research on COVID-19 advances, investigators should continue to examine the impact on alternatives of medical-grade facial protection.

World Immune Regulation Meeting (WIRM)--III: special focus on regulatory and effector mechanisms.

Immune regulation is one of the most important topics in basic and clinical research, and IL-17-producing T helper cells (Th17) cells and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are at the forefront of immunological research. The annual World Immune Regulation Meeting gathers some of the best experts in this field, and this year's meeting included presentations on new regulators of Th17 differentiation, novel mechanisms of immunosuppression by Tregs, and innovative systems for the ex vivo generation of Tregs. Novel targets for allergic inflammation were also discussed.

Allergic inflammation: where epithelial function interacts with immune response in atopic diseases.

Current hot topics in allergy and asthma were presented this year at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) in Washington, D.C. Understanding the natural history of allergic diseases is an area of interest because it could help to identify relevant biomarkers to predict allergy early in infancy. An abnormal epithelial barrier allows easy access to allergens/ pathogens and such a dysfunction could also be involved in the initiation of the natural course of allergic diseases. In addition, newly identified cytokines produced by epithelial cells such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-33 (IL-33) and IL-25 are involved in the generation of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell response. Genetic studies are also providing relevant information on biomarkers and new targets for allergy and asthma. Different genetic studies to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms of relevant mediators of allergy in patients, application of gene array analysis to identify biomarkers during asthma exacerbation, and IL-13-induced inflammatory events, are some examples of the interesting information presented at the AAAAI this year.

Ceramic veneers on central incisors without finish line using bopt in a case with gingival asymmetry.

OBJECTIVES: This clinical case report describes the rehabilitation of central incisors with veneers in a patient with gingival asymmetry. The teeth were prepared without finish line, applying BOPT concepts to correct asymmetry, and obtained a harmoniously integrated restoration with optimal periodontal health. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Biologically oriented preparation technique (vertical or "feather edge" preparation) was used to obtain gingival symmetry. Teeth were prepared without horizontal finish line to achieve correct emergence, soft tissue adaptation and stabilization, while maintaining biological space, both at the provisional restoration stage and later when definitive restorations were placed. To perform the technique correctly, it is essential to perform adequate periodontal diagnosis to verify the space available between the bone crest and the future margin of the restoration. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to correct gingival asymmetry by performing dental preparation without finish line providing a correct periodontal analysis is first performed, which will contribute to successful soft tissue stabilization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Beyond of all the prosthodontic preparation techniques, knowledge of B.O.P.T. (Biological Oriented Preparation Technique) allows us to achieve predictable and consistent results in terms of periodontal health and gingiva architecture surrounding ceramic veneers. Nevertheless long term studies are necessary to ensure the benefits of this techniques. Key words:Gingival margin, emergence profile, biologically oriented preparation technique.

Latest discoveries in allergy and clinical immunology.

Among all the international societies of allergy (AAAAI, EAACI, WAO, etc.), the Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) remains a selected and reduced group of about 200 of the most relevant investigators in the field of allergy and clinical immunology who come together to discuss current issues in allergy. The society holds a symposium every 2 years. This year, the 27th Symposium of the Collegium Internationale Allergologicum took place in Curaçao. This report contains a selection of some of the more currently relevant work presented, namely on basophils and mast cells, infection and asthma exacerbation, genes, pathophysiology and novel therapeutic approaches. Specific information about CIA can be found at http://www.ciaweb.org.

Analysis of planarian Adh3 supports an intron-rich architecture and tissue-specific expression for the urbilaterian ancestral form.

The alcohol dehydrogenase class 3 enzyme (ADH3) is the presumed ancestral form of the medium-chain dehydrogenase-reductase ADH family. This enzyme has been involved in formaldehyde and nitric oxide metabolism of a variety of deuterostomes and ecdysozoan protostomes. We have now characterized the structure and expression of the Adh3 gene in the lophotrochozoan Schmidtea mediterranea, a freshwater planarian. The planarian gene expands over 8.7 kb and is organized into 7 exons. The 1340 bp long Adh3cDNA contains a 1137 bp open reading frame corresponding to a deduced protein of 379 amino acids. The protein sequence is consistent with that expected for a typical class III enzyme. Twenty out of the twenty-two amino acid positions associated with enzymatic roles are strictly preserved, which suggests that the enzymatic capabilities have been conserved. In situ hybridization experiments show that Adh3 is expressed along the intestine of S. mediterranea specimens. This is consistent with the pattern observed in invertebrates and in contrast with the widespread expression of vertebrate Adh3. The comparative study across bilateria, which now includes a lophotrochozoan representative, further supports the idea that the urbilaterian Adh3 ancestor showed an intron-rich architecture and tissue-specific expression, and strengthens the view that widespread expression of Adh3 was a vertebrate innovation.

Neonatos en las emergencias pediátricas. Estudio comparativo de las Bronquiolitis con otras patologías neonatales que requirieron hospitalización

Introducción: La bronquiolitis en una infección viral de las vías respiratoria y la causa más frecuente de hospitalización de los lactantes menores El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las características clínicas, socioeconómicas y la evolución de neonatos ingresados por bronquiolitis (BR), con aquellos que ingresaron por otras patologías. (0P) Material y método : estudio observacional descriptivo. Fueron incluidos neonatos con diagnóstico de BR y aquellos que ingresaron por OP Variables: edad postnatal, antecedentes sexo, motivo de ingreso, comorbilidades, ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) , días de hospitalización, estrato socioeconómico, presencia de atopia familiar y exposición ambiental al humo. Los datos fueron analizados en SPSS Resultados: ingresaron al estudio 75 neonatos con BR y 86 ingresados OP .El 45% de los neonatos con BR ingresaron por riesgo social, y el 38,4% de los neonatos con OP por sospecha de sepsis neonatal tardía.Los neonatos con BR tenían mayor edad postnatal; 21 días, vs 8,5 p=0,001, procedían de zonas urbanas en el 98,6% vs 79% p=0,001 y las madres tenían menor edad 23 años vs 25 años respectivamente p=0,01. Además, presentaron mayor frecuencia de exposición al humo ambiental. (p=0,01) y menor frecuencia de comorbilidades (p=0,03) Ningún paciente con BR ingreso a la UCIP vs 3,5% en el grupo de neonatos con OP. Conclusiones: Los neonatos con BR, tenían mayor edad, procedían de zonas urbanas, menor comorbilidades, sus madres eran más jóvenes y tenían mayor exposición al humo ambiental. La mayoría fueron cuadros leves de BR

Introduction : Bronchiolitis in a viral infection of the respiratory tract and the most frequent cause of hospitalization of young infants The objective of the study was to compare the clinical, socioeconomic characteristics and the evolution of neonates admitted for bronchiolitis (BR), with those admitted for other pathologies. (0P) Material and method : descriptive observational study. Neonates diagnosed with BR and those admitted for OP were included: Variables: postnatal age, sex, reason for admission, comorbidities, admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), days of hospitalization, socioeconomic stratum, presence of familial atopy and environmental exposure to smoke. Data were analyzed in SPSS. Results: 75 infants with BR and 86 admitted OP entered the study. 45% of infants with BR were admitted for social risk, and 38.4% of infants with OP due to suspected late neonatal sepsis. Neonates with BR had higher postnatal age; 21 days, vs 8.5 p=0.001, came from urban areas in 98.6% vs. 79% p=0.001 and mothers were younger, 23 years vs. 25 years respectively p=0.01. In addition, they presented a higher frequency of exposure to environmental smoke. (p=0.01) and lower frequency of comorbidities (p=0.03) No patient with BR admission to the PICU vs 3.5% in the group of neonates with OP. Conclusions: Neonates with BR were older, came from urban areas, had fewer comorbidities, their mothers were younger, and they had greater exposure to environmental smoke. Most cases were mild BR.

Variación del Puntaje Z Peso-edad en lactantes hospitalizados, características de su alimentación y percepción de los padres

RESUMEN Introducción: La desnutrición en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados continúa siendo un hallazgo común y una causa frecuente de aumento de la morbimortalidad en niños. Objetivo: Describir la Variación del Puntaje Z del peso-edad en lactantes hospitalizados en sala de internados en el periodo de Septiembre a Diciembre del 2018. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo con componente analítico. Población: pacientes de 0 a 24 meses hospitalizados en el periodo de septiembre a diciembre del 2018. Variables: edad, sexo, procedencia, tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva, alimentación actual, alimentación complementaria, comorbilidades, ayuno, peso al ingreso Puntaje Z, peso al egreso Puntaje Z, diagnóstico nutricional al ingreso, diagnóstico nutricional al egreso, diagnóstico de egreso, percepción de los padres. Análisis de datos: sistema SSPPv21, estadística descriptiva. El protocolo fue aceptado por el comité de ética de la institución con consentimiento informado. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 7 meses, predominó el sexo masculino 52%, la mayoría proceden del área central 87%, la mediana del tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva fue 5 meses, la mediana del inicio de alimentación complementaria fue 6 meses, siendo la mediana de días de internación 4 (mínimo 3 y máximo de 6), la alimentación actual corresponde a LME en 40%,el diagnostico nutricional del ingreso: eutrófico en 65% y al egreso 66%, el Pz al ingreso fue 0,29±0,94 y al egreso fue 0,42±0,87. Considerando como punto de corte 5 días de hospitalización, y analizando la variación del Pz (P/E) en relación a los mismos no hubo variación. La percepción de los padres sobre la alimentación de sus hijos durante la hospitalización fue que comen en igual proporción que habitualmente en un 74,3%. Conclusión: No hubo variación estadísticamente significativa en el Puntaje Z de los pacientes hospitalizados y no se encontró variación del estado nutricional durante hospitalización de los lactantes. La mayoría de los pacientes tuvieron corta estancia hospitalaria y no fueron sometidos a ayuno durante la misma.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Malnutrition in hospitalized pediatric patients continues to be a common finding and a frequent cause of increased morbidity and mortality in children. Objective: To describe the variation of the Z-score of the weight for age scale in hospitalized infants from September to December 2018. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective study with an analytical component. Population: patients from 0 to 24 months hospitalized during the time period from September to December 2018. Variables: age, sex, hometown, time of exclusive breastfeeding, current feeding, complementary feeding, comorbidities, fasting, Z-socre weight at admission, Z-score, weight at dicharge, nutritional diagnosis at admission, nutritional diagnosis at discharge, discharge diagnosis, parental perception. Data analysis: SSPPv21 system, descriptive statistics. The protocol was approved by the institution's ethics committee with informed consent. Results: the median age was 7 months, the male sex predominated (52%), the majority came from the Central Department (87%), the median time of exclusive breastfeeding was 5 months, the median onset of complementary feeding was 6 months,with the median of hospitalization days being 4 (minimum 3 and maximum of 6), current excluside breastfeeing present in 40%, the nutritional diagnosis at admission: eutrophic in 65% and at discharge 66%, the Z-socre at admission was 0, 29 ± 0.94 and at discharge was 0.42 ± 0.87. Considering 5 days of hospitalization as a cut-off point, and analyzing their relation to the variation of the Z-score (W / A), there was no variation. The perception of the parents about the feeding of their children during hospitalization was that they eat in the same proportion as usual in 74.3%. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant variation in the Z-score of hospitalized patients and there was no variation in nutritional status during the hospitalization of the infants in this study. Most of the patients had a short hospital stay and were not fasting during that time.

Fibrodisplasia osificante progresiva. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

RESUMEN La fibrodisplasia osificante progresiva (FOP) es una enfermedad del tejido conectivo de etiología desconocida, de herencia autosómica dominante que se caracteriza por calcificaciones progresivas de las fascias, aponeurosis, ligamentos, tendones y tejido conectivo intersticial del músculo esquelético. Su prevalencia es de 1:2.000.000. Presenta desde el nacimiento morfología anormal del primer metatarsiano. Las osificaciones heterotópicas por lo común se hacen evidentes recién alrededor de los 5 años, posteriores a un trauma en los tejidos blandos. El compromiso funcional es progresivo y altamente incapacitante. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 6 años quien desde el año de edad inició las lesiones en las zonas de traumatismos, al comienzo acompañadas de dolor y signos inflamatorios que luego se petrificaban. Presentaba hállux valgus corto bilateral y se pudo corroborar la presencia de la misma malformación en un tío materno.

ABSTRACT Progressive ossifying fibrodysplasia (POF) is a connective tissue disease of unknown etiology, of autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by progressive calcifications of fasciae, aponeurosis, ligaments, tendons, and interstitial connective tissue of skeletal muscle. Its prevalence is 1: 2,000,000. Abnormal morphology of the first metatarsal is present at birth. Heterotopic ossifications usually become apparent only about 5 years after a soft tissue trauma. The functional compromise is progressive and highly disabling. We present the case of a 6-year-old boy who, beginning at one year of age, developed the lesiones in injured areas, with subsequent petrification, initially accompanied by pain and inflammatory signs. He presented bilateral short hallux valgus and we corroborated the presence of the same malformation in a maternal uncle.

Impacto de una intervención sanitaria en los cuidados oculares en pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos

RESUMEN Introducción: El cuidado de los ojos forma parte de los cuidados para los pacientes en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Objetivo: analizar el impacto de una intervención sanitaria en el cumplimiento del organigrama de cuidados oculares y la incidencia de lesiones oculares en pacientes de la UCI pediátricos antes y después de una capacitación del personal sanitario. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio fue realizado en las UCI pediátricas, del Hospital general Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu. Se diseño un estudio cuasi experimental de antes y después. En la cohorte pre intervención (octubre-diciembre 2017) y en la cohorte post intervención (julio-diciembre 2018), se determinó la incidencia de lesiones oculares y el porcentaje de cumplimiento del organigrama, se realizó la capacitación del personal entre ambas cohortes, finalmente fueron comparados los resultados obtenidos. Se incluyeron niños de 0 a 18 años internados en las UCI pediátricos. Los datos fueron analizados en el sistema SPSSv21. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio ingresaron 70 pacientes en la cohorte pre - intervención y 120 después de la misma. Fueron del sexo masculino 51(58,6%) y 63 (52,5%), presentaron apertura ocular anormal 18 (25,7%) y 19 (15,8%), lesión corneal 6(8,6%) y 3 (3,3%), las lesiones oculares observadas fueron erosión de la córnea en el 8,5% (6/70) y 3,3% (3/120), el cumplimiento del organigrama se dio en 54 (77,1 %) y en 120 (100%) respectivamente en las cohortes pre y post intervención. Conclusión: La capacitación del personal sanitario en cuidados oculares disminuyó la frecuencia de lesiones corneales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Eye care is part of patient care in intensive care units (ICU). Objective: to analyze the impact of a health intervention on compliance with eye care measures and the incidence of ocular injuries in pediatric ICU patients before and after training for healthcare personnel. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the pediatric ICUs of the Acosta Ñu Pediatric General Hospital. A quasi-experimental before and after study was designed. In the pre-intervention cohort (October-December 2017) and in the post-intervention cohort (July-December 2018), the incidence of eye injuries and the percentage of compliance with the eye care measures were determined, staff training was carried out between both cohorts, finally the results obtained were compared. Children aged 0 to 18 years admitted to pediatric ICUs were included. The data were analyzed in the SPSSv21 system. Results: During the study period, 70 patients were admitted to the pre-intervention cohort and 120 in the post-intervention cohort. 51 (58.6%) and 63 (52.5%) were male, respectively, 18 (25.7%) and 19 (15.8%) presented abnormal eye opening, 6 (8.6%) and 3 (3.3%) had corneal injuries, the most common ocular lesions observed were corneal erosion in 8.5% (6/70) and 3.3% (3/120), compliance with eye care measures occurred in 54 (77, 1%) and 120 (100%) respectively in the pre and post intervention cohorts. Conclusion: The training of healthcare personnel in eye care decreased the frequency of corneal injuries.

Escalamiento de antimicrobianos con la inclusión de una lista de verificación en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos / Antibiotic escalation with the inclusion of a checklist in the pediatric intensive care unit

Resumen Introducción: La vigilancia de la administración de los antimicrobianos mejora su prescripción. Objetivo: Disminuir el escalamiento en el uso de antimicrobianos a las 48 h del inicio, en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Material y Métodos: Estudio de cohortes ambispectivo, realizado en una UCIP e incluyó pacientes ingresados que recibieron antibioterapia, implementando una lista de verificación del uso de antimicrobianos (checklist) en forma prospectiva, Se comparó con una cohorte histórica previa al checklist. Fueron evaluados el escalamiento de antimicrobianos a las 48 h, la consulta con infectólogos y la indicación de vancomicina .La comparación de las variables entre las dos cohortes se realizó con la prueba de χ2, el test de Fischer y la U de Mann Whitney. Los resultados principales se expresaron en RR y RAR. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética institucional. Resultados: Ingresaron 70 pacientes en la etapa del checklist, y fueron comparados con 124 pacientes de la cohorte histórica. La introducción del checklist redujo el escalamiento de antimicrobianos a las 48 h, desde 56,4 a 21,4% (p < 0,0001) con una RAR de 35%; la prescripción de la vancomicina desde 64,5 a 40% (p < 0,001), RAR 24,5% e incrementó la consulta con infectólogo en 23%, (desde 9,6 a 32,8%) (p < 0,0001). No hubo diferencias en la mortalidad y duración de la antibioterapia a los 10 días. Conclusiones: El checklist permitió disminuir el escalamiento de antimicrobianos a las 48 h del inicio, la indicación de vancomicina y aumentó la consulta con infectólogos.

Abstract Background: Antibiotic surveillance improves the appropriate antibiotic therapy. Aim: To decrease the antibiotic scaling, 48 hours after starting prescription in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: A ambispective cohort study was performed in the PICU including patients admitted in whom antibiotic therapy was started and a checklist was applied prospectively. They were compared with a historical cohort, prior the checklist. The main outcome was the antibiotic scaling 48 hours after starting and the secondary endpoints were consultation with infectious diseases (ID) specialist and vancomycin prescription. To compare the variables between the two cohorts, the χ2 test, Fischer test and U Mann-Whitney test were used. The results of the main variables were expressed in RR and RAR. The study was approved by the institution's Ethics Committee. Results: 70 patients were admitted in the checklist cohort and they were compared with 124 patients of the historical cohort. The checklist implementation decreased the antibiotic scaling at 48 h after starting from 56.4 to 21.4% (p < 0.0001) ARR = 35% and vancomycin prescription from 64.5 to 40% (p < 0.001) ARR =24.5%. The consultation with ID specialist increased from 9.6 to 32.8% (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in mortality and duration of antibiotic therapy at 10 days of hospitalization. Conclusion: The checklist implementation decreased the antibiotic scaling,48 hs after starting and the vancomycin prescription while the ID specialist consultation increased.

Use of local anesthetic for the resolution of benign anorectal pathology in the Social Security Institute of Guatemala (IGSS) / Uso de anestésico local para resolução de patologia anorretal benigna no Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridade Social

Abstract Introduction The use of regional anesthetic block has increased, along with the reduction of the use of spine anesthetic in this particular field of surgical activity. In the last decade ambulatory surgery and local anesthetic have lower surgical time, complications of the anesthetic itself, and hospital stay. Objective Presenting the results obteained with the use of local anesthesic and analgesic in the resolution of benign anorectal pathology. Methods A prospective, longitudinal, study, from January 2017 to December 2017, patients were classified according to surgical procedures performed using analogical visual scale to determine the pain tolerance, during the procedure, 24 h later and in the 5th post operative day. Results 253 procedures were performed with 116 local analgesia, 116 were male (45.86%) years 137 female (54%), Milligan-Morgan hemorroidectomy with Ligasure and fistulotomy were the most frequently performed procedures 32% each, followed by biopsy 16%, left lateral esfinterotomy 13% and cutaneous appendix 12%. Females presented better pain tolerance than males patients (92 vs. 81), 68% referred good tolerance through the procedure. Conclusions 68% of all the patients obtained good pain tolerance through anal anesthetic block, females manifested better pain tolerance than males, in non-complicated anorectal pathology local block ha shown to be safe and reproductible for the treatment of benign anorectal pathology in the Guatemalan Institute for Social Security.

Resumo Introdução O uso de bloqueio anestésico regional aumentou ao mesmo tempo em que diminuiu o uso do anestésico espinhal nesse campo específico da atividade cirúrgica. Na última década, a cirurgia ambulatorial e o anestésico local apresentaram um tempo cirúrgico menor, menos complicações associadas ao próprio anestésico e redução da permanência hospitalar. Objetivo Apresentar os resultados obtidos com o uso de anestésico local e analgésico na resolução da patologia anorretal benigna. Métodos Estudo prospectivo, longitudinal, realizado no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2017. Com o uso de uma escala visual analógica, os pacientes foram classificados para determinar a tolerância à dor durante o procedimento, 24 horas após a cirurgia e no quinto dia de pós-operatório. Resultados No total, 253 procedimentos foram realizados com 116 analgesias locais; 116 pacientes eram do sexo masculino (4586%) e 137 do sexo feminino (54%). A técnica de Milligan-Morgan para hemorroidectomia com ligadura e a fistulotomia foram os procedimentos realizados com mais frequência (32% cada), seguidos de biópsia (16%), esfincterotomia lateral esquerda (13%) e apêndice cutâneo (12%). As mulheres apresentaram melhor tolerância à dor que os homens (92 vs. 81), e 68% apresentaram boa tolerância durante o procedimento. Conclusões De todos os pacientes, 68% apresentaram boa tolerância à dor com o uso de bloqueio anestésico por via retal; as mulheres manifestaram melhor tolerância à dor que os homens. Na patologia anorretal não complicada, o bloqueio local mostrou ser seguro e reprodutível para o tratamento da patologia anorretal benigna no Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridade Social.

SNAP II and SNAPPE II as Predictors of Neonatal Mortality in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Does Postnatal Age Play a Role?

Introduction. In developing countries, a lack of decentralization of perinatal care leads to many high-risk births occurring in facilities that do not have NICU, leading to admission to a PICU. Objective. To assess SNAP II and SNAPPE II as predictors of neonatal death in the PICU. Methodology. A prospective study of newborns divided into 3 groups according to postnatal age: Group 1 (G1), of 0 to 6 days; Group 2 (G2) of 7 to 14 days; and Group 3 (G3), of 15 to 28 days. Variables analyzed were SNAP II, SNAPPE II, perinatal data, and known risk factors for death. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were used with SPSS 17.0 for statistical analysis. An Alpha error <5% was considered significant. Results. We analyzed 290 newborns, including 192 from G1, 41 from G2, and 57 from G3. Mortality was similar in all 3 groups. Median SNAP II was higher in newborns that died in all 3 groups (P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve for SNAP II for G1 was 0.78 (CI 95% 0.70-0.86), for G2 0.66 (CI 95% 0.37-0.94), and for G3 0.74 (CI 95% 0.53-0.93). The area under the ROC curve for SNAPPE II for G1 was 0.76 (CI 95% 0.67-0.85), for G2 0.60 (CI 95% 0.30-0.90), and for G3 0.74 (CI 95% 0.52-0.95). Conclusions. SNAP II and SNAPPE II showed moderate discrimination in predicting mortality. The results are not strong enough to establish the correlation between the score and the risk of mortality.

Toxoplasmosis ocular: frecuencia y características clínicas en un consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica

Introducción: La toxoplasmosis afecta frecuentemente la cámara posterior del ojo y puede producir pérdida de la visión. Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia y características clínicas de la Toxoplasmosis ocular en un consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo retrospectivo Se analizaron las historias clínicas de pacientes de 0 a 18 años de edad, con toxoplasmosis ocular, atendidos en el consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica, desde enero 2011 a mayo de 2014. Variables: edad, sexo, forma de toxoplasmosis, tipo de lesión ocular, localización de la lesión, compromiso unilateral o bilateral, y complicaciones oculares. Los datos se analizaron con SPSSv21 utilizando estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. No fue necesario el consentimiento informado porque se trata de un estudio retrospectivo. Resultados: Ingresaron 72 pacientes. La mediana de edad 48 meses, fueron neonatos el 6,9%. El 52,8% eran sexo femenino. El 80,5% presentaron toxoplasmosis adquirida y el 19, 4% congénita. Todos los pacientes tenían coriorretinitis. Y en el 7% se acompañaron de uveítis. La afectación fue bilateral en 52.8%. Las lesiones eran inactivas en 87,5 con localización central. Presentaron complicaciones en el 58,3% de los pacientes: estrabismo en 76% y en 24 % desprendimiento de retina. Conclusión: La frecuencia de TO fue del 0,8%. La mayoría de los pacientes tenían más de 2 años de edad y el 19% tenía toxoplasmosis congénita. Todos tuvieron corioretinitis, con compromiso bilateral y localización central más frecuentemente. Hubo predominio de lesiones inactivas tanto en la toxoplasmosis congénita como en la adquirida. Las complicaciones fueron estrabismo y desprendimiento de retina.

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis frequently affects the posterior chamber of the eye and can cause vision loss. Objective: To describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of ocular toxoplasmosis in a pediatric ophthalmology clinic. Materials and Methods: this was an observational, descriptive and retrospective study. We reviewed the clinical histories of patients from 0 to 18 years of age, with ocular toxoplasmosis, treated in the pediatric ophthalmology clinic, from January 2011 to May 2014. Variables were age, sex, form of toxoplasmosis, ocular lesion type, lesion location, unilateral or bilateral involvement, and ocular complications. The data was analyzed with SPSSv21 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Informed consent was not necessary because it was a retrospective study. Results: 72 patients were included. The median age was 48 months; 6.9% were neonates, 52.8% were female. 80.5% had acquired toxoplasmosis and 19.4% congenital. All the patients had chorioretinitis and 7% also had uveitis. Bilateral affectation was present in 52.8%. The lesions were inactive at 87.5% with central location. Complications were present in 58.3% of patients: strabismus in 76% and 24% had retinal detachment. Conclusion: The frequency of OT was 0.8%. The majority of the patients were over 2 years of age and 19% had congenital toxoplasmosis. All had chorioretinitis, with bilateral involvement and central location present more frequently. There was a predominance of inactive lesions in both congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis. The most common complications were strabismus and retinal detachment.

Dengue y Bradicardia: caracterización clínica y evolución

Introducción: Las alteraciones de la conducción cardiaca y bradicardia, están descriptos en el Dengue, aunque su fisiopatología no es del todo clara. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con dengue y bradicardia. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinalde seguimiento de una cohorte. Fueron incluidos pacientes de 1 mes a 18 años ingresados en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu, con diagnóstico de dengue, que presentaron bradicardia y que hayan tenido seguimiento hasta la desaparición del síntoma. Variables edad, sexo, clasificación del dengue, resultado del electrocardiograma (ECG), radiografía de tórax, inicio de bradicardia, frecuencia cardiaca al egreso, duración de la bradicardia en el seguimiento y días de hospitalización. Los datos fueron analizados en SPSSv 21, utilizando la estadística descriptiva. El protocolo fue aprobado por el Comité de ética. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se hospitalizaron 310 pacientes con Dengue. El 6,4% (20/310) presentó bradicardia. La edad media fue de 12,7±2,8 años, con predominio del sexo masculino. Algunos pacientes ya tenían bradicardia en el momento del ingreso (9/20), mientras que otros lo presentaron en el curso de la hospitalización (11/20). Hubo un caso de bloqueo AV y los demás presentaron bradicardia sinusal (19/29). La bradicardia persistió al alta en la mayoría de los pacientes (18/20) y se resolvió durante la primera semana de seguimiento. El promedio de días de hospitalización fue 7,1±1,9. Conclusión: La frecuencia de bradicardia fue del 6,4%. La mayoría de los pacientes tenía el diagnóstico de Dengue Grave. Un alto porcentaje continuaba con bradicardia al momento del alta sin manifestaciones clínicas de dengue. En la mayoría de los pacientes se presentó durante la hospitalización y se normalizó durante el seguimiento al alta.

Introduction: Alterations in cardiac conduction and bradycardia are described in Dengue, although its pathophysiology is not entirely clear. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and course of patients with dengue and bradycardia. Methodology: This was an observational, descriptive and longitudinal cohort study. We enrolled patients from 1 month to 18 years of age who were admitted to the Emergency Department of the Acosta Ñu Children's General Hospital with a diagnosis of dengue, who presented bradycardia and who had follow-up until the disappearance of the symptom. The variables were age, sex, dengue classification, electrocardiogram (ECG) results, chest x-ray, onset of bradycardia, heart rate at discharge, duration of bradycardia during follow-up and days of hospitalization. Data were analyzed in SPSSv 21, using descriptive statistics. The protocol was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. Results: During the study period, 310 patients with Dengue were hospitalized. 6.4% (20/310) had bradycardia. The average age was 12.7 ± 2.8 years, with a predominance of males. Some patients already had bradycardia at the time of admission (9/20), while others developed it during hospitalization (11/20). There was one case of AV block and the others presented sinus bradycardia (19/29). Bradycardia persisted at discharge in most patients (18/20) and resolved during the first week of follow-up. The average number of hospitalization days was 7.1 ± 1.9. Conclusions: The frequency of bradycardia was 6.4%. The majority of patients had a diagnosis of severe dengue. A high percentage of patients continued to have bradycardia at discharge with no other clinical manifestations of dengue. In the majority of patients, bradycardia presented during hospitalization and normalized at their discharge follow-up.