Adsorption of Prochiral Solvent Molecules by Surface-Confined Chiral Supramolecular Assemblies: How Solvent Impacts On-Surface Chirality.

The understanding of supramolecular chirality in self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) on surfaces generates a lot of interest because of its relation to the production of chiral sensors, reactors, and catalysts. We herein report the adsorption of a prochiral solvent molecule in porous SAMNs formed by a chiral dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (cDBA) derivative. Through the prochirality recognition of a solvent molecule, the supramolecular chirality of the SAMN is switched: the cDBA exclusively forms a counter-clockwise pore through co-adsorption of the solvent molecule in prochiral 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, while in 1-phenyloctane it produces the opposite chiral, clockwise pore. The prochirality recognition of the solvent molecule in the chiral SAMN pores is attributed to the adaptable conformational changes of the chiral chains of the cDBA molecule.

Impact of concurrent antibody-drug conjugates and radiotherapy on symptomatic radiation necrosis in breast cancer patients with brain metastases: a multicenter retrospective study.

AIM: We aimed to investigate the impact of concurrent antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and radiotherapy on symptomatic radiation necrosis (SRN) in breast cancer patients with brain metastases (BM). METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study uses four institutional data. Eligibility criteria were histologically proven breast cancer, diagnosed BM with gadolinium-enhanced MRI, a Karnofsky performance status of 60 or higher, and radiotherapy for all BM lesions between 2017 and 2022. Patients with leptomeningeal dissemination were excluded. Concurrent ADC was defined as using ADC within four weeks before or after radiotherapy. The cumulative incidence of SRN until December 2023 with death as a competing event was compared between the groups with and without concurrent ADC. Multivariable analysis was performed using the Fine-Gray model. RESULTS: Among the 168 patients enrolled, 48 (29%) received ADC, and 19 (11%) had concurrent ADC. Of all, 36% were HER2-positive, 62% had symptomatic BM, and 33% had previous BM radiation histories. In a median follow-up of 31 months, 18 SRNs (11%) were registered (11 in grade 2 and 7 in grade 3). The groups with and without concurrent ADC had 5 SRNs in 19 patients and 13 SRNs in 149, and the two-year cumulative incidence of SRN was 27% vs. 7% (P = 0.014). Concurrent ADC was associated with a higher risk of SRN on multivariable analysis (subdistribution hazard ratio, 3.0 [95% confidence interval: 1.1-8.3], P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that concurrent ADC and radiotherapy are associated with a higher risk of SRN in HER2-positive breast cancer patients.

Retrospective non-inferiority study of stereotactic radiosurgery for more than ten brain metastases.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the clinical benefits of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with > 10 brain metastases (BM) compared to patients with 2-10 BM. METHODS: The study included multiple BM patients who underwent SRS between 2014 and 2022, excluding patients who underwent whole brain radiotherapy, had a Karnofsky Performance Status score < 60, suspected leptomeningeal disease, or a single BM lesion. Patients were divided into two groups (2-10 and > 10 BM groups) and matched 2:1 based on propensity scores. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in the matched dataset, with intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) as the secondary endpoint. Non-inferiority was established if the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the adjusted hazard ratio was below 1.3. RESULTS: Of the 1042 patients identified, 434 met eligibility criteria. After propensity score matching, 240 patients were analyzed (160 in the BM 2-10 group and 80 in the > 10 BM group). The median OS was 18.2 months in the 2-10 BM group and 19.4 months in the > 10 BM group (P = 0.60). The adjusted hazard ratio was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.59-1.24), indicating non-inferiority. PFS was not significantly different between the groups (4.8 months vs. 4.8 months, P = 0.94). The number of BM did not significantly impact OS or PFS. CONCLUSIONS: SRS for selected patients with > 10 BM was non-inferior in terms of OS compared to those with 2-10 BM in a propensity score-matched dataset.

Recent trends of characteristics and treatments in adults with newly diagnosed brain metastases.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate recent trends in characteristics and treatments among patients with brain metastases in clinical practice. METHODS: All newly diagnosed patients with brain metastases during 2016-2021 at a single cancer center were enrolled. We collected the detailed features of each patient and estimated the number of candidates considered to meet the following criteria used in common clinical trials: Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70 and mutated non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer or melanoma. The brain metastases treatments were classified as follows: (i) stereotactic radiosurgery, (ii) stereotactic radiosurgery and systemic therapy, (iii) whole-brain radiotherapy, (iv) whole-brain radiotherapy and systemic therapy, (v) surgery, (vi) immune checkpoint inhibitor or targeted therapy, (vii) cytotoxic agents and (ix) palliative care. Overall survival and intracranial progression-free survival were estimated from brain metastases diagnosis to death or intracranial progression. RESULTS: A total of 800 brain metastases patients were analyzed; 597 (74.6%) underwent radiotherapy, and 422 (52.7%) underwent systemic therapy. In addition, 250 (31.3%) patients were considered candidates for common clinical trials. Compared to 2016, the later years tended to shift from whole-brain radiotherapy to stereotactic radiosurgery (whole-brain radiotherapy: 35.7-29.1% and stereotactic radiosurgery: 33.4-42.8%) and from cytotoxic agents to immune checkpoint inhibitor/targeted therapy (cytotoxic agents: 10.1-5.0 and immune checkpoint inhibitor/targeted therapy: 7.8-10.9%). There was also an increase in the proportion of systemic therapy combined with radiation therapy (from 26.4 to 36.5%). The median overall survival and progression-free survival were 12.7 and 5.3 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the diversity of brain metastases patient characteristics, recent changes in treatment selection and the percentage of candidates in clinical trials.

Jugular Venous Pressure and Kussmaul's Sign as Predictors of Outcome in Heart Failure.

Simplifying the estimation of internal jugular venous pressure (JVP) as visible or not visible above the right clavicle in the sitting position has attracted attention for risk assessment in patients with heart failure (HF). It remains unclear whether this simple assessment, combined with its inspiration response known as Kussmaul's sign, is useful in patients with HF who vary in features such as HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).This study consisted of 246 patients who were admitted for the management of HF. JVP was assessed before discharge and considered high if visible at rest. The inspiration response was also examined. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death and hospitalization for worsening HF.One year after discharge, primary outcome events occurred in 91 patients (37%). The incidence of primary outcome was higher in patients with a high JVP at rest (odds ratio, 5.06; 95% confidence interval, 2.31-11.1; P = 0.0001) or with inspiration (odds ratio, 5.93; 95% confidence interval, 2.14-16.4; P < 0.01) than in patients without high JVP conditions. These findings were similarly observed among patients with HFrEF and HFpEF (odds ratios, 3.53 and 6.76; 95% confidence intervals, 1.68-8.68 and 2.19-15.5; P = 0.01 and < 0.01, respectively) and in subgroup analysis stratified by baseline characteristics of the patients.A high JVP at rest and with inspiration as assessed by this simple, practical method may be useful for risk assessment in patients with HF, independent of baseline characteristics.

The influence of stem alignment on the bone mineral density around the Polarstem following total hip arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Bone mineral density is important in detecting implant loosening after total hip arthroplasty. The Polarstem can improve postoperative bone mineral density changes, but no information exists on the influence of postoperative stem alignment. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between bone mineral density change and stem alignment following total hip arthroplasty using a cementless Polarstem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 42 patients (50 hips) who underwent total hip arthroplasty using a cementless Polarstem. Bone mineral density around the stem was measured according to the established Gruen zone classification using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Measurements were performed 2 months postoperatively (baseline) and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. Bone mineral density changes at each follow-up were calculated as (bone mineral density at follow-up/at 2 weeks) × 100 (%). The stem varus, anterior tilt, and anteversion angles were measured using computed tomography. The correlation coefficient between bone mineral density changes and stem alignment were investigated. RESULTS: The 24-month postoperative bone mineral density increased in zones 4 (106.0%) and 5 (107.3%) and decreased in zones 1 (89.6%) and 7 (90.6%). The mean stem varus angle, anterior tilt, and anteversion error were - 0.3° ± 1.8°, 1.9° ± 2.2°, and 6.8° ± 5.4°. Negative correlations were observed between the stem varus angle and 24-month postoperative bone mineral density change in zone 1 (r = - 0.34, p = 0.02), and the stem anteversion error and 24-month postoperative bone mineral density change in zone 1 (r = - 0.48, p < 0.01) and zone 7 (r = - 0.31, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The cementless Polarstem may have a positive effect on postoperative bone mineral density in the distal femur. However, varus malalignment and anteversion error of the stem could have a negative influence on the bone mineral density changes in the proximal femur.

Paracrine effect of the stromal vascular fraction containing M2 macrophages on human chondrocytes through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway.

The adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is composed of a heterogeneous mix of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), macrophages, pericytes, fibroblasts, blood, and other cells. Previous studies have found that the paracrine effects of SVF cells may be therapeutic, but their role in osteoarthritis treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of SVF cells on chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were seeded on culture plates alone (control) or cocultured with SVF or ADSCs on cell culture inserts. After 48 h of coculture, chondrocyte collagen II, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3), and matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were evaluated using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) levels in the supernatant were measured using ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the macrophages in the SVF. These macrophages were characterized according to phenotype using the F4/80, CD86, and CD163 markers. To determine whether the Smad2/3 signaling pathways were involved, the chondrocytes were pre-treated with a Smad2/3 phosphorylation inhibitor and stimulated with the SVF, and then Smad2/3 phosphorylation levels were analyzed using western blot. The mRNA expression levels of various paracrine factors and chondrocyte pellet size were also assessed. Collagen II and TIMP-3 expression were higher in the SVF group than in the ADSC group and controls, while MMP-13 expression was the highest in the ADSC group and the lowest in the controls. TGF-ß levels in the SVF group were also elevated. Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry revealed that the macrophages in the SVF were of the anti-inflammatory phenotype. Western blot analysis showed that the SVF increased Smad2/3 phosphorylation, while Smad2/3 inhibitors decreased phosphorylation. Smad2/3 inhibitors also reduced the expression of various other paracrine factors and decreased chondrocyte pellet size. These findings suggested that the paracrine effect of heterogeneous cells, such as anti-inflammatory macrophages, in the SVF partly supports chondrocyte regeneration through TGF-ß-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation.

Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) Index and Anterior Acetabular Coverage Correlate With Labral Length in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between labral length and radiographic parameters of lateral and anterior acetabular coverage and the femoro-epiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with DDH who visited our hip joint clinic for the first time due to hip symptoms. DDH presence was defined as a lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) of ≤25°. The labral lengths on the anterior and lateral sides were measured on central axial and central coronal slices of T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and simple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association of the lateral and anterior labral lengths with the radiographic parameters, including the LCEA, acetabular roof obliquity, FEAR index, anterior wall index, and vertical center anterior angle. RESULTS: This study included 88 patients, with a mean age of 39.6 ± 11.8 years. There were 65 women and 23 men. The lateral and anterior labral lengths correlated with all parameters of dysplasia. Specifically, the lateral labral length had a strong positive correlation with the FEAR index (R = 0.65, P < .001). The anterior labral length had a strong negative correlation with the anterior wall index (R = -0.66, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The lateral labral length had a strong positive correlation with the FEAR index. Furthermore, the anterior labral length had a correlation with the anterior dysplasia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cross-sectional study.

Combination of Anterior Acetabular Coverage and Femoral Head Shape Predicts Femoroacetabular Impingement After Periacetabular Osteotomy.

BACKGROUND: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) may be affected by both anterior acetabular coverage and femoral head shape. This study aimed to radiographically evaluate the relationship of the combination of acetabular coverage and femoral head shape with the occurrence of FAI after curved PAO. METHODS: In this study, 76 hip joints from patients with symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip underwent curved PAO. The relationship between the combined postoperative anterior center-edge and alpha angles (ie, the combination angle) and the occurrence of postoperative FAI was evaluated. Clinical factors and the preoperative and postoperative 3-dimensional center-edge angles, acetabular versions, femoral versions, radiographic alpha angles of the femoral head, and the combination angle were measured and compared to clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The modified Harris Hip Scores, University of California, Los Angeles activity scores, and acetabular coverage angles were significantly improved following curved PAO. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the combination angle over 108° may be a predictive factor for the occurrence of FAI after curved PAO. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that an age <40 years (odds ratio 6.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2-36.4, P = .037) and a combination angle <108° (odds ratio 9.2, 95% confidence interval 1.7-50.0, P = .010) were significantly associated with modified Harris Hip Scores ≧90 points. CONCLUSION: A combination angle >108° may be a predictive factor for the occurrence of FAI after curved PAO and impaired clinical outcomes. To avoid postoperative FAI, we propose that osteochondroplasty of the femoral head should be performed for patients with preoperative combination angles >90°.

Effectiveness of an accelerometer-based portable navigation for intraoperative adjustment of leg length discrepancy in total hip arthroplasty in the supine position.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the accuracy of the HipAlign® accelerometer-based portable navigation system by measuring the intraoperative leg length change of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) and comparing the measured leg length discrepancy (LLD) determined by the navigation system and a freehand technique. METHODS: A total of 61 patients who underwent THA using the anterolateral approach in the supine position were included in this study and divided into two groups: those who underwent THA with navigation (Group N; N = 31) and with the freehand technique (Group F; N = 30). Statistical analyses were performed to compare the intraoperative leg length change, pre- and post-LLD, absolute values of post-LLD, and the number of patients with the postoperative LLD within 10 mm and 5 mm between the two groups. Additionally, we examined the correlation between the leg length change obtained through intraoperative navigation and measured from the radiographs. Moreover, to evaluate the navigation accuracy, we examined the correlation between the absolute error of leg length change and cup orientation. RESULTS: The postoperative LLD was significantly lower and the number of patients with the postoperative LLD within 5 mm was significantly higher in Group N, compared with Group F. Additionally, the amount of leg length change measured intraoperatively by the navigation system was strongly correlated with the values obtained by the postoperative radiographic measurement with a small absolute error and minimal wasted time. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between the absolute error of the leg length change and that of the cup inclination. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the accelerometer-based portable navigation system is useful for the intraoperative adjustment of leg length discrepancy during THA for patients in the supine position, as it provides good accuracy and minimizes required time for use.

Fully hydroxyapatite-coated compaction broached and triple-tapered stem may reduce the risk of stress shielding after primary total hip arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) around the fully hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated compaction broached and triple-tapered stem, namely, Polarstem, after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are currently unknown. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate clinical outcomes of Polarstem, mainly postoperative temporal changes in BMD around the stem for 2 years, and to compare them with those of HA-coated and non-HA-coated tapered-wedge stems. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 100 consecutive patients who underwent THA using Polarstem (n = 38), HA-coated Anthology (n = 31), and non-HA-coated Anthology (n = 31). BMD was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in seven regions according to the Gruen zones. Postoperatively, BMD around the stem was assessed within 2 months (baseline BMD) and at 6, 12, and 24 months. A change in BMD was defined as the value calculated by dividing each postoperative BMD value at 6, 12, and 24 months by the baseline BMD value. Changes in BMD and radiographic parameters such as stress shielding and spot welds were compared among the three stems. RESULTS: The incidence rate of stress shielding in the Polarstem group was significantly lower than those in the other two groups (p = 0.007). The change in BMD in Zone 7 of Polarstem was significantly more than that of the other two groups at 12 and 24 months postoperatively (p = 0.030 and p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: Polarstem, a fully HA-coated compaction broached and triple-tapered stem, maintained BMD around the femoral calcar until 2 years postoperatively and could reduce the risk of stress shielding compared with tapered-wedge stems.

Hydroxyapatite-coated compaction short stem represents a characteristic pattern of peri-prosthetic bone remodelling after total hip arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the differences in peri-prosthetic bone remodelling between the full hydroxyapatite (HA)-collared compaction short stem and the short tapered-wedge stem. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 159 consecutive patients (159 joints) undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the full HA compaction short (n = 64) and short tapered-wedge (n = 95) stems. Body mass index (BMI), peri-prosthetic bone mineral density (BMD), and clinical factors, including the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score were assessed and compared. RESULTS: Stem related complications were seen in three cases. Both groups showed similar peri-prosthetic BMD changes. Peri-prosthetic BMD was almost maintained in the distal femur and Gruen zone 6 with both type of stems, but significant BMD loss was found in zones 1 and 7 in both groups and in zone 2 of the full HA compaction stem group. No significant correlations were found between the proximal femoral BMD changes and the age, BMI, and UCLA score in both the full HA compaction and tapered-wedge stem groups. Femoral bone shape affected the peri-prosthetic BMD changes in the tapered-wedge stem group but not in the full HA compaction group. The stem collar of the full HA compaction stem did not affect peri-prosthetic BMD, but unique bone remodelling in the calcar region was observed in 27.6% cases. A significant difference in the peri-prosthetic BMD changes at Gruen zone 2 was found in patients with or without thigh pain. CONCLUSION: Peri-prosthetic bone remodelling remained unaffected by clinical and radiographic factors after THA with the new short full HA compaction stem. Therefore, this new stem may be useful in a variety of cases.

Revisiting Dehydrothiopheno[12]annulenes: Synthesis, Electronic Properties, and Aromaticity.

The aromaticity and electronic properties of acetylene-bridged hexadehydrotristhiopheno[12]annulenes (HDTAs) were revisited using a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Moreover, we attempted the synthesis of the butadiyne-bridged octadehydrobisthiopheno[12]annulenes (ODTAs). While the formation of ODTAs was indicated by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and UV-vis absorption measurements, our attempts to isolate ODTAs were unsuccessful on account of its instability. Instead, their structure and energetic properties were predicted using DFT calculations. HDTA isomers in which the position where the thiophene rings are fused to the 12-membered ring differs (b- vs c-position) show distinct differences in their HOMO-LUMO energy gaps (EGap). ODTAs also show large EGap differences depending on the fusion position of the thiophene rings. The diene character of the thiophene ring significantly changes the electronic properties; i.e., EGap differences of >1 eV were observed between the isomers of both HDTAs and ODTAs. A theoretical evaluation of HDTAs and ODTAs revealed significant variation in the local aromaticity/antiaromaticity between the b- and c-isomers. The antiaromatic character of the 12-membered ring is attenuated for the b-isomers, whereas it is decreased substantially for the c-isomers. The results of this study are useful for a detailed understanding of the fundamental aspects of dehydrothiopheno[12]annulenes.

Feasibility of transrectal and transperineal fiducial marker placement for prostate cancer before proton therapy.

BACKGROUND: To compare the feasibility of transrectal and transperineal fiducial marker placement for prostate cancer before proton therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2013 to 2015, the first 40 prostate cancer patients that were scheduled for proton therapy underwent transrectal fiducial marker placement, and the next 40 patients underwent transperineal fiducial marker placement (the first series). Technical and clinical success and pain scores were evaluated. In the second series (n = 280), the transrectal or transperineal approach was selected depending on the presence/absence of comorbidities, such as blood coagulation abnormalities. Seven patients refused to undergo the procedure. Thus, the total number of patients across both series was 353 (262 and 91 underwent the transrectal and transperineal approach, respectively). Technical and clinical success, complications, marker migration and the distance between the two markers were evaluated. RESULTS: In the first series, the technical and clinical success rates were 100% in both groups. The transrectal group exhibited lower pain scores than the transperineal group. The overall technical success rates of the transrectal and transperineal groups were 100% (262/262) and 99% (90/91), respectively (P > 0.05). The overall clinical success rate was 100% in both groups, and there were no major complications in either group. The migration rates of the two groups did not differ significantly. The mean distance between the two markers was 25.6 ± 7.1 mm (mean ± standard deviation) in the transrectal group and 31.9 ± 5.2 mm in the transperineal group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both the transrectal and transperineal fiducial marker placement methods are feasible and safe.

Obesity is associated with less favorable outcomes following hip arthroscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature comparing the postoperative outcomes after following hip arthroscopy in obese and non-obese patients. METHODS: Studies comparing the outcomes following hip arthroscopy of obese and non-obese patients were systematically identified via a computer-assisted literature search of Pubmed (Medline), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies comparing the outcome of hip arthroscopy in different body mass index (BMI) groups were included. Data including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), revision arthroscopy rate, conversion rate to total hip arthroplasty (THA), and complications were collected. The methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess the quality of each study quality. The effect of heterogeneity was quantified by calculating the I2 value. RESULTS: A total of eight studies were finally included in the qualitative analysis, and three studies of high quality involving 373 hips were included in the quantitative assessment. All the studies defined obesity as a BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2. The modified Harris Hip Score and the Non-Arthritic Hip Score were 5.1 (95% CI 1.1-9.1) and 9.0 (95% CI 5.0-13.1) points lower, respectively, in the obese group than in the non-obese group. The pooled odds ratios were 1.2 (95% CI 0.5-2.7) for revision arthroscopy, 2.4 (95% CI 1.3-4.6) for conversion to THA, and 3.2 (95% CI 1.2-8.6 for complications in favor of the non-obese group. The heterogeneity was low in all outcome assessments (I2 0-18%). CONCLUSION: Obese patients had significantly lower PROMs than non-obese patients following hip arthroscopic surgery, and the THA conversion and complication rates were 2.4 times and 3.2 times higher, respectively. Understanding the effect of obesity on hip arthroscopy will allow appropriate surgical indications for surgery to be further refined and help obese patients to understand their individual risk profile. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review of Level III-IV studies, Level IV.

Porous Self-Assembled Molecular Networks as Templates for Chiral-Position-Controlled Chemical Functionalization of Graphitic Surfaces.

Controlled covalent functionalization of graphitic surfaces with molecular scale precision is crucial for tailored modulation of the chemical and physical properties of carbon materials. We herein present that porous self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) act as nanometer scale template for the covalent electrochemical functionalization of graphite using an aryldiazonium salt. Hexagonally aligned achiral grafted species with lateral periodicity of 2.3, 2.7, and 3.0 nm were achieved utilizing SAMNs having different pore-to-pore distances. The unit cell vectors of the grafted pattern match those of the SAMN. After the covalent grafting, the template SAMNs can be removed by simple washing with a common organic solvent. We briefly discuss the mechanism of the observed pattern transfer. The unit cell vectors of the grafted pattern align along nonsymmetry axes of graphite, leading to mirror image grafted domains, in accordance with the domain-specific chirality of the template. In the case in which a homochiral building block is used for SAMN formation, one of the 2D mirror image grafted patterns is canceled. This is the first example of a nearly crystalline one-sided or supratopic covalent chemical functionalization. In addition, the positional control imposed by the SAMN renders the functionalized surface (homo)chiral reaching a novel level of control for the functionalization of carbon surfaces, including surface-supported graphene.

Larger Acetabular Labrum Is Associated With Hip Dysplasia, Joint Incongruence, and Clinical Symptoms.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of labral length with acetabular morphology and clinical symptoms. METHODS: Patients treated at our hip joint clinic between January 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Our sample included patients who received a diagnosis of one or more of the following: hip labral tear, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and developmental dysplasia of the hip. Patients with osteoarthritis and/or osteonecrosis were excluded. Bilateral labral length was measured as the distance from the acetabular rim to the edge of the labrum at the level of the central coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan cross-referenced to the axial plane (3- to 9-o'clock position). The lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and acetabular roof obliquity (ARO) were evaluated with plain radiographs. An LCEA of 25° or less was defined as developmental dysplasia of the hip, whereas a positive crossover sign in the presence of an LCEA of 30° or greater, an LCEA greater than 40°, or acetabular inclination lower 0° was defined as pincer FAI. An alpha angle greater than 50° or head-neck offset lower 8 mm was considered cam FAI. The severity of hip symptoms was evaluated bilaterally using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association pain scale, on which hips scoring full points (i.e., a perfect score) were defined as asymptomatic whereas hips with all other scores were considered symptomatic. We used simple linear regression to examine the correlations of labral length with the LCEA and ARO. Labral length was also compared according to patient hip symptom status using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The study included 102 patients (14 with bilateral symptoms and 88 with unilateral symptoms). Labral length was strongly correlated with the LCEA (r = -0.612, P < .001) and ARO (r = 0.635, P < .001). Additionally, patients with symptomatic hips had significantly larger labra (9.5 ± 3.0 mm) than those with asymptomatic hips (7.9 ± 2.1 mm, P = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Acetabular labral length is significantly greater in dysplastic, irregularly congruent, symptomatic hips. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level Ⅳ, retrospective cross-sectional study.

Varus deformity in the proximal tibia and immediate postoperative varus alignment result in varus progression in limb alignment in the long term after total knee arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the factors associated with changes in limb alignment 10 years after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The hypothesis was that bone morphology and immediate postoperative alignment could be correlated with long-term post-operative alignment changes following TKA. METHODS: This study retrospectively analysed 136 consecutive primary TKA cases for varus deformity, performed from 2006 to 2008, that could be followed for at least 10 years postoperatively. Anteroposterior long-leg weight-bearing radiographs were obtained within 1 month and at least 10 years after surgery. The hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle immediately after surgery was compared with that 10 years later; factors correlating with the change in HKA angle (δHKA) were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean HKA angles were significantly different between immediate and long-term postoperative assessments (0.1° ± 1.9° vs. 1.2° ± 2.9°, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in the outlier ratio (> 3° deviation from the 0° of HKA angle) (10% vs. 24%, p = 0.002). δHKA strongly correlated with a higher preoperative tibial plateau tip-to-proximal tibial shaft (TPTPS) angle, higher postoperative HKA angle, lateral distal femoral angle, and lower postoperative medial proximal tibial angle. CONCLUSION: Varus deformity in the proximal part of the tibia, immediate postoperative varus alignment, and varus position of the femoral and tibial components may lead to varus progression in limb alignment in the long term, even 10 years after TKA; the surgeon should, therefore, weigh the risks of leaving a varus alignment during surgery. Moreover, if the preoperative TPTPS angle is high, the alignment may become varus after TKA, even in patients who have acquired neutral alignment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Improved implant alignment accuracy with an accelerometer-based portable navigation system in medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the accuracy of tibial implant alignment using an accelerometer-based portable navigation system in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). METHODS: This retrospective matched case-control study reviewed 51 UKAs performed using an accelerometer-based portable navigation system, matched with 51 UKAs performed using conventional extramedullary rods. Coronal alignment and posterior slope of the tibial implant were measured on postoperative radiographs, and differences from preoperative planning were examined. Outliers and accuracy of tibial implant alignment were compared between the portable navigation and conventional groups using Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. RESULTS: In the portable navigation group, 100% of the implants were aligned within 3.0° of both target coronal and sagittal implant alignment. In the conventional group, 76.5% and 88.2% of the implants were within 3.0° of both target coronal and sagittal implant alignment. Statistical analysis revealed that outliers of coronal and sagittal alignment were significantly less in the portable navigation group than in the conventional group (P < 0.05). In addition, the absolute value difference between postoperative measurement and preoperative planning of both coronal and sagittal alignment was significantly smaller in the portable navigation group than in the conventional group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The portable navigation system improved the accuracy of tibial implant alignment in UKA. We found that 100% of the implants were aligned within 3.0° of both target coronal and sagittal implant alignment. The portable navigation system decreased the outliers of tibial coronal and sagittal alignment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective case-control study, Level III.

Intraoperative pelvic movement is associated with the body mass index in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty in the supine position.

BACKGROUNDS: There are very few reports on pelvic movement during total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the supine position. We investigated intraoperative pelvic motion in the sagittal and axial planes to determine if preoperative clinical factors, including body mass index (BMI) affect intraoperative pelvic motion. METHODS: Fifty-three patients with osteoarthritis undergoing THA in the supine position were included. Clinical factors, such as age, BMI, and pelvic tilt were assessed preoperatively. Intraoperative pelvic motion in the axial and sagittal planes was assessed using a portable navigation system. We assessed the change in pelvic tilt from registration to cup implantation as the pelvic tilt change; positive values indicated anterior pelvic tilt. We measured the values and absolute values of changes in axial rotation from registration to cup implantation to determine the axial rotation angle. The effects of patient factors on pelvic motion (pelvic tilt change and axial rotation angle) were analyzed using a Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS: Preoperative pelvic tilt was negatively correlated with pelvic tilt change (r = -0.57, p < 0.05) and the absolute axial rotation angle (r = -0.57, p < 0.05). BMI and absolute axial rotation angle were negatively correlated (r = -0.54, p < 0.05). Age was not correlated with change in the pelvic tilt and the axial rotation angle. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative pelvic tilt and BMI are important factors to determine intraoperative pelvic motion in patients who undergo THA in the supine position. This can help surgeons to preoperatively identify patients with a higher risk of intraoperative pelvic motion.