[Pharmacoepidemiological research of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation EGIDA-2020].

AIM: An analysis of coronavirus infection in Russia and evaluation of different AVT regimens effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved a retrospective analysis of 1082 patient records with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 17 regions of Russia. The number of men and women was equal, mean age 48.718.1 (median 50). Patients with moderate COVID-19 (85%) versus mild COVID-19 (15%) were characterized by higher age (median 54 vs 21 years; p0.001), higher body mass index (27.8 vs 23.4; p0.001), prevalence of chronic diseases (75.3% vs 8.5%; p0.001), including circulatory system diseases (37.8%). Moderate COVID-19 characterized higher intoxication (10.86.1 vs 4.22.7 days; p0.001) and catarrhal symptoms duration (10.25.4 vs 6.14.1 days; p0.001). RESULTS: During hospitalization 92% of the patients received AVT, 77% antibiotics, and 16% corticosteroids. Umifenovir therapy resulted in a significant reduction of intoxication (8.75.5 vs 11.75.5 days; p0.001) and catarrhal symptoms duration (8.85.1 vs 12.04.9 days; p0.001) compared to the group without AVT. The usage of INF reduced intoxication symptoms compared with the group without AVT (8.97.5 vs 11.75.5; p0.05). Therapy with hydroxychloroquine, imidazolylethanamide pentandioic acid, and lopinavir + ritonavir combination did not affect the course of COVID-19. Most of adverse reactions were related to antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Umifenovir therapy and inclusion of interferon in AVT regimens was associated improvement in the clinical manifestation of the disease among patients.

[Polar constituents of the ascidia Botryllus schlosseri]. / Poliarnye komponenty astsidii Botryllus schlosseri.

Eighteen compounds were identified by GC-MS of their trimethylsilyl derivatives in n-butanolic extract from the biomass of Botryllus schlosseri. Three of them, 5-oxoproline, 5-hydroxyhydantoin, and kinurenic acid, were found in marine invertebrates for the first time. In addition to cellulose, the biomass was also shown to contain complex water-soluble sulfated polysaccharides. These were extracted and fractionated, and sulfate content and monosaccharide composition were determined in the fractions; fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and uronic acids were found. Unlike several other tunicate species, Botryllus schlosseri does not seem to contain any simple galactan sulfate.

[Optimization of measures for prevention and early detection of tuberculosis in children and adolescents in the Republic of Sakha]. / Optimizatsiia meropriiatií po profilaktike i rannemu vyiavleniiu tuberkuleza u deteí i podrostkov v Respublike Sakha.

The paper analyzes the reasons for the incidence of tuberculosis among children in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the past 5 years. It estimates its growth, identifies its sources, risk factors worsening the epidemiological situation. Based on the study, the paper gives recommendations how to optimize antituberculous measures by taking into account the specific epidemiological and socioeconomic situation in the region.

[Clinical features of tuberculosis in adolescents in Iakutia]. / Osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia tuberkuleza u podrostkov v usloviiakh Iakutii.

In the past 3 years, there has been an increasing trend of tuberculosis morbidity among adolescents in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Moreover, the pattern of clinical types has become worse, disseminated and complicated tuberculoses have been more frequently detected. There is a predominance of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis occurring mainly in the intact lung with its asymptomatic onset and aptness to lung tissue decay and bacterial excretion.

[Differentiated approach to preventive treatment of new cases of tuberculosis in children]. / Differentsirovannyi podkhod k profilakticheskomu lecheniiu detei, vpervye infitsirovannykh tuberkulezom.

The efficiency of various preventive treatment regimens was studied in 330 new cases of childhood tuberculosis by using clinical and laboratory findings and follow-up data. The paper shows it expedient to conduct a comprehensive immunological studies by tuberculin diagnosis and to examine immunity both at the time of infection detection in children and at their follow-ups. Monotherapy by the routine regimen can be performed in low tuberculin-sensitive children without risk factors. Children who have a complex of risk factors need long-term preventive treatment with two tuberculosis controlling agents. When immune responsiveness declines in children, it is necessary to apply pathogenetic agents that possess an immunomodulating effect, which substantially raise the efficiency of preventive treatment.