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2.
Curr Opin Ophthalmol ; 7(4): 65-70, 1996 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10163642

RESUMEN

The modern local antibiotics, such as the aminoglycosides and quinolones, are very successful in treating infectious conjunctivitis and keratitis. More notably in some Third World countries, however, suppurative keratitis is found in more than half of the infectious disease cases caused by Fusarium species. Here, of course, treatment should be antifungal. The emergence of some problematic microorganisms is related to contact lens wear. Pseudomonas, for example, have the ability to adhere to contact lenses and thus form microcolonies, which are protected by biofilm that predisposes to infection. Acanthamoeba infections of the cornea are a direct consequence of inappropriate or inadequate disinfection of contact lens systems. Occasionally the diagnosis of herpes simplex manifestations of the outer eye can be very difficult. Even more confusing is the delayed appearance of zoster manifestations, such as pseudodendrites, particularly in cases of zoster sine herpete eruptione. The polymerase chain reaction is of particular value in demonstrating the presence of varicella zoster DNA. Although infectious disease of the outer eye remains common, the incidence and complications have increased because of frequent use of antimicrobial agents. In the under-developed areas of the world, however, infections are still very common, are frequently caused by fungi, and are the cause of serious ocular complications. In the Western World infectious eye disease does not seem to be a major diagnostic or therapeutic point at present. Some organisms that have been in the environment all along, however, have emerged in the past half century as a major problem. Thus, in the past years a number of new techniques in diagnosis as well as new insights in pathophysiology and new developments in treatment have emerged that are of interest.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/microbiología , Enfermedades de la Córnea/microbiología , Infecciones del Ojo/etiología , Antibacterianos , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Córnea/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Córnea/epidemiología , Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapéutico , Infecciones del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones del Ojo/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia
3.
Doc Ophthalmol ; 82(1-2): 109-14, 1992.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1305014

RESUMEN

We performed a retrospective study on 45 patients admitted to the Rotterdam Eye Hospital and the Ophthalmic Department of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam with pseudophakic endophthalmitis. Vitreous loss during cataract extraction was associated with a significantly increased risk of postoperative endophthalmitis when compared with uncomplicated cataract extraction (p < 0.0001). The incidence of pseudophakic endophthalmitis in diabetic patients was not significantly higher as compared to non-diabetic patients. Vitrectomy in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis did not improve the final visual acuity, probably because of selection bias. Methicillin and cephazolin, used intravitreally against gram-positive organisms, failed to provide a good coverage for endophthalmitis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis.


Asunto(s)
Extracción de Catarata/efectos adversos , Endoftalmitis/etiología , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/etiología , Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Endoftalmitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Vitrectomía
4.
Trop Geogr Med ; 46(6): 361-3, 1994.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7892704

RESUMEN

Since antiquity many attempts were made and hence many methods were devised in order to minimalize the disfiguration and stigmatization caused by leucoma corneae. Dermatography, a refined, modified tattooing technique, was developed to treat this affliction. Materials and method are safe and simple. A number of 12 patients has been treated over a period of 3 years. During the 2-year follow-up no negative reactions were found. The cosmetic results were very satisfactory. The method is suitable to rural clinics in the developing world. The technique is safe in the hands of any well-instructed doctor.


Asunto(s)
Opacidad de la Córnea/terapia , Tatuaje/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Tatuaje/instrumentación
5.
Prostaglandins ; 45(1): 97-105, 1993 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8424134

RESUMEN

Topical application of 250 micrograms of platelet activating factor (PAF) or 5 micrograms of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to the rabbit's eye is followed by a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). The occurrence of PAF in the anterior chamber is held responsible for this effect, as appears from the observed concentrations of PAF in a ng/ml-range in the aqueous humor and from the inhibition in the rise of IOP by systemic pretreatment of rabbits with the PAF-antagonist BN 52021 (10 mg/kg). Corneal and conjunctival edema, occurring after application of PAF, are not influenced by BN 52021. Thus, these effects may be ascribed to the non-specific membrane pertubant action of the high local concentration of PAF, necessary to achieve effective concentrations of PAF in the anterior chamber.


Asunto(s)
Dinoprostona/farmacología , Diterpenos , Presión Intraocular/efectos de los fármacos , Lactonas/farmacología , Factor de Activación Plaquetaria/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ginkgólidos , Cinética , Masculino , Factor de Activación Plaquetaria/administración & dosificación , Factor de Activación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Conejos
6.
Doc Ophthalmol ; 82(1-2): 115-23, 1992.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1305015

RESUMEN

From 1983 to 1992, 134 patients were treated for clinically suspected endophthalmitis. 61% of this endophthalmitis population consisted of cases that were referred to our clinic. In this nine year period antibiotic treatment was carried out according to three consecutively used guidelines. These three treatment schemes differed in antibiotic spectrum and mode of antibiotic delivery. In 68 patients we performed vitrectomy on account of clinical deterioration under antibiotic treatment. We did not find significant differences in visual outcome between the three treatment groups. The incidence of endophthalmitis following cataract or vitreous surgery did not change throughout the study period. There was however a dramatic decrease in incidence of post-traumatic endophthalmitis following the introduction of a prophylactic antibiotic treatment scheme consisting of fortified gentamicin and cefazolin eyedrops, and intravenously and subconjunctivally administered gentamicin, cefazolin, and clindamycin. In 55 of 68 cases in which vitrectomy was performed in conjunction with intravitreal antibiotics, a vitreous or anterior chamber specimen was cultured. 36 patients had a positive culture result. In the group with positive culture result 42% had better visual acuity in the post-treatment period than before treatment. In the group with a sterile culture result 79% had better vision after treatment.


Asunto(s)
Endoftalmitis/fisiopatología , Endoftalmitis/terapia , Infecciones del Ojo/fisiopatología , Infecciones del Ojo/terapia , Agudeza Visual , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Extracción de Catarata/efectos adversos , Endoftalmitis/etiología , Lesiones Oculares/complicaciones , Humanos , Incidencia , Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Países Bajos , Premedicación , Resultado del Tratamiento
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