RESUMEN
Existing experimental studies of the effect of sympathetic nerve fibers on bone marrow cells are based on the systemic administration of neurotoxic 6-hydroxydopamine. The method of global chemical sympathectomy has some serious disadvantages and could lead to questionable results. We describe a new method of local chemical sympathectomy of rat femoral bone marrow using guanethidine (Ismelin) delivery using an osmotic mini pump. Local guanethidine treatment for 14days led to complete elimination of sympathetic fibers in femoral bone marrow in contrast to bone marrow of contralateral or naïve femurs. Ablation of sympathetic fibers was associated with a loss of rat endothelial cell marker (RECA) indicating immunophenotype changes in blood vessel endothelial cells, but no significant effect of guanethidine was found on the survival of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Moreover, local guanethidine treatment also elicited a significant reduction of Nestin+/SDF1+ mesenchymal stem cells and c-Kit+/CD90+ hematopoietic stem cells in femoral bone marrow. Tissue-specific chemical sympathectomy of rat bone marrow by guanethidine overcomes some of the drawbacks of systemic administration of neurotoxic compounds like 6-hydroxydopamine and delivers unequivocal evidence on the effects of sympathetic innervation on the cell content of bone marrow.
Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea/inervación , Guanetidina/farmacología , Simpaticolíticos/farmacología , Animales , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Fémur/efectos de los fármacos , Fémur/inervación , Fémur/metabolismo , Fémur/patología , Citometría de Flujo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/patología , Modelos Animales , Ratas Wistar , Simpatectomía Química , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/patologíaRESUMEN
In this paper, we describe a very rare variant in the course of the ulnar artery that we encountered in dissecting the right upper limb of a 74-year-old man. The ulnar artery arose standardly from the brachial artery in the cubital fossa. However, its ensuing course differed from the norm. The artery entered together with the ulnar vein and median nerve into the pronator canal (between the humeral and ulnar heads of the pronator teres). Further, the ulnar artery descended classically to the ulnar side of the forearm between the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis. Knowledge of this variation in the course of the ulnar artery may have significance in clinical practice because accumulation of anatomical structures in the pronator canal could be a predisposing factor for the compression of nerve or blood vessels.