Simple variables predict miserable outcome after intravenous thrombolysis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To test the predictability of miserable outcome amongst ischaemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) based on a simple variables model (SVM) and to compare the model's predictive performance with that of an existing score which includes imaging and laboratory parameters (DRAGON). METHODS: The SVM consists of the parameters age, independence before stroke, normal Glasgow coma verbal score, able to lift arms and able to walk. In a derivation cohort (n = 1346) and a validation cohort (n = 638) of consecutive IVT-treated stroke patients, the probability estimated by SVM and the observed occurrence of miserable 3-month outcome (modified Rankin score 5-6) were compared. The performances of SVM and the DRAGON score were compared. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval, CI) and the bootstrapping approach were used to compare the predictive performance. RESULTS: The AUCs to predict miserable outcome in the derivation cohort were 0.807 (95% CI 0.774-0.838) using the SVM and 0.822 (0.790-0.850) using the DRAGON score (P = 0.3). For the validation cohort, AUCs were 0.786 (0.742-0.829) for the SVM and 0.809 (0.774-0.845) for the DRAGON score (P = 0.23). Only one patient with an SVM probability of >70% for miserable outcome in either cohort had a good outcome whilst 83% had a miserable outcome. An online SVM calculator to estimate the probability of miserable outcome for individual patients is available under http://www.unispital-basel.ch/SVM-Tool. CONCLUSION: The SVM was similar in accuracy to the DRAGON score for predicting miserable outcome after IVT. As these simple variables are available already at the pre-hospital stage, the SVM may facilitate and accelerate pre-hospital triage of patients at high risk for miserable outcome after IVT towards endovascular treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment of arteriovenous malformations.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are among the least common of causes of brain hemorrhage, seizures, or headaches. Embedded in the brain, their widely varying size, arterial feeders draining venous pattern and nidus complexity make them among the most challenging of disorders for attempted eradication. The low prevalence has created a literature long dominated by anecdote, only recently and slowly being clarified by epidemiological, pathophysiological, and imaging data. A first-ever randomized clinical trial seeks to determine if invasive intervention to eradicate the lesion--and its attendant risks of complications--offers a better prognosis than awaiting a hemorrhage before undertaking such efforts.

Carotid artery disease and interventional therapy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Major results of recent clinical trials for carotid artery disease are changing the understanding of management. RECENT FINDINGS: A major trial comparing carotid endarterectomy with carotid angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic or asymptomatic patients suggests comparable results by overall outcomes analyses, and different results by subset analyses. These results modify the findings of prior trials. SUMMARY: Based on age there appear to be differences in outcomes that may influence decision for management for such patients.