The Relationship of the Traumatic Birth Perception of Women with Birth Memories and Recall.

BACKGROUND: A traumatic childbirth experience can have both short- and long-term health and well-being consequences for the woman and her family. If a woman experiences traumatic childbirth and retains negative memories for a long time, this may impact her future childbirth experience, mother-infant bonding and breastfeeding problems, and her relationship with other family members. AIM: The research was conducted to evaluate the relationship between women's traumatic birth perception and birth memory and recall. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This descriptive study was conducted at Erzurum Research Hospital between August 16 and October 2021. Two hundred sixty women who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study sample. The personal information protocol, "Traumatic Childbirth Perception Scale," and "Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire" were used to collect data. RESULTS: The participants' mean age was 30.13 ± 5.85, and 43.4% had their first birth. Of the participants, 45% had one living child, 72.9% had a planned pregnancy, and 62.8% had a normal birth. Whereas more than a third of women in the study perceived childbirth and childbirth processes as moderately traumatic, another third had a high and very high perception. The birth memories and recall mean scores of the mothers within the scope of the study were 81.09 ± 22.69. According to the study results, it was determined that women's birth memories and recall were negatively affected as their traumatic childbirth perceptions increased. CONCLUSION: It is possible to reduce traumatic childbirth perception with the continuous care and support provided by midwives during childbirth. Improving women's traumatic childbirth perception will also positively impact women's long-term memories of childbirth experience.

The relationship between university students' depression, anxiety, and stress with positivity attitudes and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The physical activity of university students is restricted during the pandemic, changes in education and training, and uncertainties during the pandemic caused their social lives to change completely. Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between the depression, anxiety, and stress, and positivity attitudes of university students during the Covid-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) outbreak and their attitudes and behaviors toward the pandemic. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online among university students, n = 2153 from April 30, 2020 to May 10, 2020. Data were collected with the Positivity Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Results: The proportion of those with moderate and above depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in the study group, respectively, were 40.6%, 24.6%, and 22.5%. The risk ratio of these symptoms is higher among those with lower positive attitudes (OR [odds ratio] = 0.804, 0.897, 0.895, respectively), being women (OR = 1.446, 1.666, 1.471), who are concerned with the transmission of the Covid-19 (OR = 1.144, 1.374, 1.201), who believe their intra-family relations (OR = 1.886, 1.728, 2.083) and education (OR = 1.680, 1.682, 2.132) are negatively affected, and those who are more worried about life after the pandemic. Conclusion: Compared with the pre-pandemic period, the frequency of university students showing symptoms of depression increased, and there was no significant change in anxiety and stress levels.

Positive effect of autologous platelet rich plasma on Saanen buck semen cryopreservation in non-breeding season.

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) addition into soybean lecithin based extender on buck semen at post-thaw. Semen samples were collected from eight Saanen buck, and each semen sample was split into four equal aliquots and diluted with different concentrations of PRP supplemented extenders [no PRP (control), 0.5 × 107/ml PRP, 1 × 107/ml PRP, or 2 × 107/ml PRP]. Motility, plasma membrane functional integrity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA integrity and malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) were measured and analyzed at post-thaw. The results showed that 2 × 107/ml PRP group had a positive effect on motility (62.41 ± 4.24), membrane functional integrity (71.11 ± 2.90), mitochondrial membrane potential (69.70 ± 1.99), DNA integrity (7.22 ± 0.93) and MDA levels (2.56 ± 0.73) at post-thaw (P < 0.05). The results of the study demonstrated that autologous PRP has a protective effect on cryopreservation of buck spermatozoa and the fertility effects are worthy of further study.

The relationship between mastitis and the B-mode, colour Doppler ultrasonography measurements of supramammary lymph nodes in cows.

This research communication aims to test the hypothesis that B-Mode, colour Doppler ultrasonographic measurements and characteristics can identify mastitis in dairy cows. A total of 102 lactating cows were divided into 3 groups: cows in which all mammary quarters were CMT-negative, cows with CMT-positive mammary quarters and cows with clinical mastitis in at least one quarter. Colour Doppler ultrasonography measurements of the supramammary lymph nodes revealed that distortion-type vascular morphology, the rate of type 4 vascular densities and the incidence of mixed-type vascular distributions were highest in the clinical mastitis group, whereas the frequency of avascularity in supramammary lymph nodes was highest in the CMT-negative group. All differences were significant. In conclusion, the use of B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of the supramammary lymph nodes can provide useful information about the current condition of mastitis in cows, although its diagnostic potential remains to be determined.

The relationship between teamwork attitudes and caring behaviors among nurses working in surgical clinics: A correlational descriptive study.

AIM: This study was planned and carried out to determine how teamwork attitudes of nurses working in surgical clinics affect their caring behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was conducted as a relational descriptive study. The research population consisted of 126 nurses working in the surgical clinics of a state hospital. A total of 116 nurses who agreed to participate in the study were admitted to the study. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Question Form, the Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire (TAQ), and the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24). Data were analyzed using counts, percentage distributions, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, Games-Howell post hoc test, and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: The nurses participating in the study were found to have a mean score of 112.11 ± 17.86 for the TAQ and a mean score of 4.95 ± 0.54 for the CBI. There was a statistically positive correlation between the nurses' teamwork attitudes and caring behaviors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It can be said that the teamwork attitudes of the nurses had a positive effect on their caring behaviors. It may be suggested to plan relevant research studies examining especially observational behavioral assessments.

Preoperative platelettolymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in geriatric patients with proximal femoral fractures.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the platelet to lymphocyte ratio is a prognostic factor in geriatric patients who underwent surgery for proximal femoral fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data of 288 patients who underwent surgery for proximal femoral fracture were analysed. The patients were divided into six groups on the basis of sex (male and female) and survival duration after the operation (death within the first 6 months, death between the 6 and 12 months, survival for more than 12 months). Pre-operative platelet/lymphocyte ratios of these groups were compared. RESULTS: Of 288 patients, 187 were female and 101 were male. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to age (p = 0.123 female groups) (p = 0.207 male groups). Although the preoperative platelet to lymphocyte ratio was higher in patients who died within 12 months than in those who survived beyond that, this platelet/lymphocyte ratio was statistically significant in females who died in the first 6 months (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION: A high preoperative platelet to lymphocyte ratio may be associated with high risk of mortality in patients who were operated for proximal femoral fracture.

Thiol/disulphide homeostasis levels in erectile dysfunction patients.

This study explored the use of thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a novel oxidative stress marker in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Fifty-five patients aged 40-57 were divided into two groups: Group I (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF-5] score between 22 and 25, n = 20) and Group II (IIEF-5 score < 22, n = 35). Blood samples were used to evaluate hormone levels, lipid profile and thiol/disulphide levels. A novel, fully automated method measured plasma native thiol, total thiol and disulphide levels. Mean age, body mass index, total testosterone, HbA1c, triglyceride, atherogenic index (AIP) and total cholesterol levels did not significantly differ between Groups I and II (p > .05). IIEF-5 correlated weakly with native thiol level. Although non-statistically significant, native thiol (431 [SD: 105] µmol/L vs. 404 [110] µmol/L) and total thiol (426 [64] µmol/L vs. 41 [78] µmol/L) levels were lower in the ED group compared to the controls, and disulphide (14 [11] µmol/L vs. 18 [9] µmol/L) levels were higher. Mean disulphide/native thiol and mean disulphide/total thiol ratios did not statistically differ between groups. There was a weak positive correlation between AIP and total cholesterol/HDL and disulphide and disulphide/total thiol ratios. Thiol/disulphide haemostasis levels are not a single factor in ED pathophysiology but may contribute.

Differentially regulated ADAMTS1, 8, and 18 in gastric adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to investigate the expression status of ADAMTS1,8, and 18 proteases in gastric cancer (GC) and lymphatic metastasis. BACKGROUND: A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) is a new protease family, and has important biological functions such as hemostasis, extracellular matrix remodeling and regulation of angiogenesis. METHODS: The immunostaining status of ADAMTS1,8, and 18 were investigated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 25 patients who underwent curative resection for GC. RESULTS: The immune reactivity scores (IRS) of ADAMTS1, 8, and 18 were significantly higher in the cancerous gastric tissue in comparison to non-cancerous gastric tissue (p < 0.001). In addition, IRS scores of these three ADAMTS proteases were higher in the metastatic lymph nodes compared with healthy lymph nodes (p < 0.001). The expression status of the three ADAMTSs in cancerous gastric tissue was correlated with stage of tumor. Additionally, ADAMTS1 expression and ADAMTS8 expression in cancerous gastric tissue were found to correlate with grade and tumor size, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed that ADAMTS1, 8, and 18 are highly expressed in GC and its nodal metastases, suggesting  important roles of these proteases in carcinogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. The findings from the present study indicate that these proteases may be promising candidates for novel and alternative treatments in GC (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 27).

Risk of hypertension in Yozgat Province, Central Anatolia: application of Framingham Hypertension Prediction Risk Score.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the risk of hypertension in 1106 Caucasian individuals aged 20-69 years in Yozgat Province, using the Framingham Hypertension Risk Prediction Score (FHRPS). According to FHRPS, average risk of developing hypertension over 4 years was 6.2%. The participants were classified into low- (<5%), moderate- (5% to 10%) and high- (>10%) risk groups. The percentage of participants that fell into these groups was 59.4%, 19.8% and 20.8% respectively. The proportion of participants in the high-risk group was similar to the 4-year incidence of hypertension (21.3%) in the Turkish population. Regression analysis showed that high salt consumption and low educational level significantly increased the risk of hypertension. Economic level, fat consumption, life satisfaction, physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption were not correlated with risk of hypertension. This study shows that FHRPS can also be used for predicting risk of hypertension in Central Anatolia.

IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D STATUS AND HYPOCALCEMIA AFTER TOTAL THYROIDECTOMY?

CONTEXT: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium metabolism through parathormone-dependent process. Deficiency of this important nutrient may be associated with hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of vitamin D in predicting hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for benign or malignant thyroid disease were included in this prospective study. The association between preoperative vitamin D status and the development of hypocalcemia were investigated. RESULTS: Biochemical and symptomatic hypocalcemia were found in 28 (18.7%) and 22 (14.7%) patients, respectively. Preoperative vit D level was found significantly lower in patients with biochemical (p = 0.006) and clinical (p < 0.001) hypocalcemia in comparison to normocalcemic patients. The patients who had <10 ng/mL vit D level (severe deficiency) developed significantly more biochemical and clinical hypocalcemia than the patients with serum vit D level higher than 10 ng/mL (p = 0.030 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia is multifactorial, vit D deficiency, particularly severe form, is significantly associated with the development of biochemical and clinical hypocalcemia. Vit D supplementation can prevent this unwanted complication in such patients.

A prospectively validated nomogram for predicting the risk of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia: a multicenter study.

PURPOSE: There is clinical need to predict risk of febrile neutropenia before a specific cycle of chemotherapy in cancer patients. METHODS: Data on 3882 chemotherapy cycles in 1089 consecutive patients with lung, breast, and colon cancer from four teaching hospitals were used to construct a predictive model for febrile neutropenia. A final nomogram derived from the multivariate predictive model was prospectively confirmed in a second cohort of 960 consecutive cases and 1444 cycles. RESULTS: The following factors were used to construct the nomogram: previous history of febrile neutropenia, pre-cycle lymphocyte count, type of cancer, cycle of current chemotherapy, and patient age. The predictive model had a concordance index of 0.95 (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.91-0.99) in the derivation cohort and 0.85 (95 % CI = 0.80-0.91) in the external validation cohort. A threshold of 15 % for the risk of febrile neutropenia in the derivation cohort was associated with a sensitivity of 0.76 and specificity of 0.98. These figures were 1.00 and 0.49 in the validation cohort if a risk threshold of 50 % was chosen. CONCLUSIONS: This nomogram is helpful in the prediction of febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy in patients with lung, breast, and colon cancer. Usage of this nomogram may help decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with febrile neutropenia and deserves further validation.

Does level of antenatal care affect birthweight? Study of a Central Anatolian Region.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: The objective of this research was to measure the impact of the level and quality of antenatal care (ANC) on the birthweight (BW) of hospital-born infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was cross-sectional research. This study was conducted at the maternity hospital and a private hospital in the center of the province of Yozgat, Turkey. Women (N=788) were included in the research who had a singleton live delivery at hospitals. RESULTS: It was found that adequate receipt of ANC was significant, although had little affect on BW; the number of ANC visits or whether ANC was adequate was not found to be significant. BW increased depending on primarily the mother's gestational age (GA) and then her age, height, and weight gained during pregnancy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is GA that impacts BW primarily. It is recommended that necessary interventions be made to minimize the factors leading to preterm births.

Methylene blue as an antioxidant agent in experimentally-induced injury in rat liver.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to test the methylene blue (MB) as a dye and also to test its antioxidant activities in devascularization-induced liver injury. METHODS: Twenty rats weighing 240-280 g were randomly divided into two groups, each containing 10 rats. High-grade liver injury was induced by using a pair of long pliers with blades. MB was injected into portal vein of the rats with no hepatic injury (Group 1; control group) and those with injured livers (Group 2; injury group). Liver and hepatic function tests, paraoxonase, stimulated paraoxonase, arylesterase activity, total antioxidant, and oxidant status were evaluated before and 24 h after MB injection. RESULTS: MB did not stain the non-perfused area. Total antioxidant status decreased significantly in Group 2 at hour 24 compared to Group 1. In Group 2, total antioxidant status was lower at hour 24 compared to hour 0. Total oxidant status in Group 2 at hour 0 increased significantly compared to Group 1. Total oxidant status in Group 2 at hour 24 was lower compared to that at hour 0. Lipid peroxidation parameters did not alter due to devascularization. CONCLUSION: MB is useful in defining the devascularization area. Moreover, it showed to have a beneficial effect on oxidant status (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 25).

Elastosonographic strain index in thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance.

AIM: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of elastosonography (ESG) scoring and strain ratio in patients who had atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) cytology and underwent surgery for thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 250 patients were included in this study. They had at least one nodule in thyroid USG, underwent USG-guided FNAC according to the current guidelines and had AUS cytology according to the Bethesda system. Both elastosonographic color scoring and strain index were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 270 nodules in 250 patients were evaluated. Histopathologically, 81 (30 %) nodules were malignant and 189 (70 %) were benign. According to the ESG, 10 (3.7 %) nodules were assigned a score of 1, while 13 (4.8 %) nodules were assigned a score of 5. All of the nodules with an ESG score of 1 were histopathologically benign and 92.3 % of the patients with ESG score 5 were in the malignant group. Median SI in the benign histopathologic group was significantly lower compared to malignant group [(2.58 (IQR = 2.35) vs. 14.54 (IQR = 10.71)]. The optimal SI cut-off value to distinguish between the benign and malignant nodules was 6.66, with a sensitivity of 98.77 % and specificity of 96.30 %. CONCLUSION: Our study is one of the first studies evaluating the role of SI for discriminating malignant and benign nodules with AUS cytology. Malignant nodules had a significantly higher stiffness compared to benign ones and SI had high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for these nodules. We think SI may be helpful for the presurgical selection of nodules with AUS cytology.

Chemical oxygen demand and color removal from textile wastewater by UV/H2O2 using artificial neural networks.

The photooxidation of pollutants, especially chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color, in textile industrial wastewater was performed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), using 256 nm UV light (15 W), to model the discoloration and COD elimination processes and characterize the influence of process variables. Within this study, data were obtained through a NeuroSolutions 5.06 model and successfully tested. Each sample was characterized by three independent variables (i.e., pH, H2O2 concentration, and time of operation) and two dependent variables (i.e., color and COD). The results indicated that pH was the predominant variable, and the reaction mean time and H2O2 volume were the less influential variables. The neural model obtained presented coefficients of correlation of 99% for COD and 97% for color, indicating the prediction power of the model and its character of generalization.

Supraclavicular neuropathy after surgical treatment of clavicular fractures: comparison of two incisions.

PURPOSE Of THE STUDY: To compare the clinical results of clavicular fractures operated by superior locking plate using either horizontal or vertical incision by physical examination and nerve conduction tests. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2010 and January 2013, 63 patients with displaced midshaft clavicle fracture were treated with superior locking plate (22 female, 41 male) with either horizontal (n = 38) or vertical incisions (n = 25). Mean interval between trauma and surgery was 3 days (1 to 8 days). Electrodiagnostic tests were performed to 15 patients who felt numbness across their shoulder or chest and ASES test was performed to each of the patient 12 weeks postoperatively. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Türkiye) programme was used for statistical analysis. Student t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed parameters (quantity) and continuity (yates) test was used. p < 0.05 was accepted to be statistically signifiant. RESULTS: 8 patients of the horizontal incision group and 7 patients of the vertical incision group described numbness across their shoulders. 14 patients had abnormal sensorial electrodiagnostic fidings. Comparison of electrodiagnostic fidings did not reveal any statistical signifiance. The mean ASES score of the affected shoulder was 76.39 ±1.20 in the horizontal group, in the vertical group it was found to be 79.00 ± 2.5 ( p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Electrodiagnostic study revealed similar results in both groups. According to these results, signifiant difference in mean ASES scores of both groups was not related to sensorial injury of the supraclavicular nerve.

A novel nanoliposome model platform mimicking SARS-CoV-2 as a bioreceptor to dissect the amperometric response in biosensor applications.

In this study, we proposed to investigate the response of an electrochemical-based immunosensor via nanoliposomes carrying the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-S1 protein. In this regard, we prepared RNA encapsulated nanoliposome functionalized with a specific SARS-CoV-2 Spike-S1 protein as a SARS-CoV-2 model. Then, this new nanoliposome mimicking SARS-CoV-2 was used as the bio-recognizing agent of an immunosensor developed to detect the SARS-CoV-2 within the scope of the study. The working electrode of the immunosensor was coated with chitosan polymer, decorated with SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody, to achieve antibody-antigen matching on the electrode surface. SARS-CoV-2 mimicking nanoliposomes at various concentrations was used to achieve an amperometric response and the analytical parameters of the sensor were calculated from the relationship between the immunosensor's current values depending on the number of these matches with regard to varying antigen concentrations. Linear measurement range, LOD and measurement sensitivity were calculated as 53 pM-8 nM, 3.79 pM and 55.47 µA nM-1 cm-2, respectively. The standard deviation of the same measurements in the developed immunosensor was 0.33 %.

Trace elements in nasal polyps.

The aim of our study is to evaluate the status of selenium and zinc in nasal polyp tissues and to investigate the possible role of trace elements and antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in nasal polyps. In this study, the antioxidant enzyme and trace element levels measured in polyp tissues of 37 patients were compared with the levels measured in conchal mucosa of 27 control cases. The antioxidant enzyme and trace element levels in tissues were measured with graphite and flame spectrophotometry methods using Shimatsu UV.1601 spectrophotometer and Perkin Elmer atomic spectrometer. The mean tissue zinc and selenium levels were, respectively, 2.55 µg/g and 30.03 pg/g in patient group, 4.37 µg/g and 44.95 pg/g in control group. The mean tissue SOD and GSH-Px levels were, respectively, 4.27 and 0.69 U/mg protein in patient group, 7.09 and 0.77 U/mg protein in control group. When the measured levels in patients and control cases were compared, there were statistically significant differences between zinc, selenium, and SOD levels (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between GSH-Px levels (P = 0.465). In conclusion, it has been revealed that the levels of zinc, selenium, and SOD in nasal polyps were significantly lower, and it may be concluded that this may have a role in the development of nasal polyps.

Evaluation of necessity for mechanical bowel preparation before Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy: a randomized prospective clinical study.

AIM: In this randomized prospective clinical study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) before Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy on intraoperative procedures and postoperative complication rates to determine whether MBP is adventageous or not before elective anorectal surgeries. METHODS: Forty patients who had internal grade III or IV hemorrhoidal disease and who would underwent open hemorrhoidectomy were randomized into two groups: non-MBP group (female:male, 11:9; mean age, 33.8±9.57 years) that would not receive MBP before the surgery, and MBP group (female:male, 12:8; mean age, 34.7±11.37 years) that would be given one Fleet enema on the morning of Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. Intraoperative variables and postoperative complications were compared between two groups. RESULTS: MPB had no effect on both intraoperative and postoperative variables, such as operating time, intraoperative bleeding, visual analogue scale (VAS) score for the comfort of the surgeon during operation, the presence of stool or enema remnants in anal canal, the presence of mucosal edema of the anal canal intraoperatively, the rates of postoperative bleeding and infection, VAS score for the pain on third day postoperatively, time to first stool after the operation, VAS score for the pain during first stool after the operation, and number of analgesics during one week postoperatively (P>0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: MBP performed before surgery does not provide introperative or postoperative benefit for Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, thus MBP is not necessary before elective anorectal surgeries.

Correlation of thyroid fine-needle aspiration with final histopathology: a case series.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between preoperative thyroid fine-needle aspiration result and final histopathology in patients with thyroid nodules. METHODS: The medical records of 298 patients (mean age, 47.7±12.3 years; 79.5% females) who underwent fine-needle aspiration for thyroid nodules and who were operated and have final pathological diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed. For reporting fine-needle aspiration specimen pathology, the Bethesda thyroid fine-needle aspiration classification was used. Tyroglobulin (Tg) and anti-Tg and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody levels were determined preoperatively. RESULTS: Thyroid nodules were non-diagnostic, benign or atypia (Bethesda groups 1-3) in 76.8% of patients; and follicular neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy or malignant (Bethesda groups 4-6) in 23.1% of patients. Final pathology of surgery specimen was most commonly nodular goiter (36.6%) and papillary carcinoma (35.6%). Nodular goiter was significantly more prevalent in Bethesda 1 group while papillary carcinoma was more common in Bethesda 3 group (P<0.05). Tg level is significantly higher in the nodular goiter group (90.49±126.93 ng/mL), while anti-Tg and anti-TPO levels are significantly higher in the lymphocytic thyroiditis goiter group (229.77±494.42 U/mL and 282.86±360.77 U/mL, respectively) than the other pathology groups (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: Papillary carcinoma is more common in Bethesda thyroid fine-needle aspiration classification 3 group. Therefore, preoperative fine-needle aspiration for thyroid nodules is predictive of final pathology and should be applied for diagnosis and follow-up.