Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome.

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a disease characterized by thunderclap headache with severe vasospasm of middle sized vessels of circle of Willis or the extracranial circulation which spontaneously revert back. We report a middle aged female with severe headache and vasospasm of the vertebral arteries and vessels of circle of Willis causing multiple cerebral infarcts. The vasospasm resolved within 3 months.

Facile construction of multifunctional xNiCo2O4/BiVO4 heterojunction with accelerated charge transfer for efficient photocatalytic treatment of Cr (VI), MB and TC under visible light.

The release of industrial effluents, comprising of organic dyes, antibiotics, and heavy metals poses substantial environmental and ecological threats. Among the different approaches, the utilization of heterogeneous photocatalysis based on semiconducting metal oxides is of paramount important to removal of organic ( MB dye and TC antibiotic) and inorganic pollutants ( Cr (VI) ) in wastewater. In this work, a new approach for creating type-II heterojunction photocatalysts named xNiCo2O4/BiVO4 or BNC is suggested. The as-prepared samples were thoroughly examined by means of several sophisticated analytical tools to investigate their physicochemical properties. These composites were utilized in the decomposition of MB dye, TC drug and the reduction of Cr (VI) under visible light irradiation. According to the findings, the creation of type-II heterojunction at BiVO4-NiCo2O4 interface greatly improved charge transportation while successfully preventing electron-hole recombination. Among the various composites studied, BNC-2 demonstrated an enhanced photocatalytic activity towards degradation of MB and TC, which were found to be 91 % over a period of 150 min and 95 % within only 60 min, respectively. Moreover, the photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) was accomplished 96 % within just 25 min. Additionally, it is discovered that BNC-2 displayed promising photostability and recyclability with a retention of >90 % after five consecutive cycles. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of BNC-2 is evidently attributed to the expedited separation and transfer of charges, as proven by photocurrent measurement, photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. Hence, the current amalgamation of NiCo2O4 and BiVO4 heterojunction composite has paved novel paths towards photocatalytic removal of organic as well as inorganic contaminants.

Role of Double Inversion Recovery Sequence in Neuro-imaging on 3 Tesla MRI.

Double Inversion Recovery (DIR) is a robust sequence designed to suppress fat and water signals using two 180° inversion pulses to produce prominent gray matter contrast with high spatial resolution. It has proven to be more sensitive in delineating white matter signal abnormalities than conventional MR techniques. In our study, the highest image contrast with lesion load was observed using DIR over FLAIR and T2 weighted imaging. DIR is evidently valuable for the detection of demyelinating lesions observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), malignancies, epileptogenic foci, and cortical anomalies. Hence this pictorial review is intended to assess the diagnostic efficacy of DIR modality in clinical Neuro-imaging.

Sinus Pericranii: a case report and review of literature.

Normally, there is no obvious communication between the intracranial and extra cranial venous drainages in the head. In Sinus Pericranii, there is an abnormal communication, either from the extra cranial system to the intracranial venous sinuses or from the intracranial venous system to the extra cranial draining veins. Venous anomaly is a collection of non muscular venous blood vessels, adhering tightly to the outer surface of the skull and directly communicating with an intracranial venous sinus through diploic veins. The varicosities are intimately associated with the periostium, are distensible, and vary in size with changes in intracranial pressure Sinus pericranii is not a single clinico pathologic entity, rather a symptom complex with diverse clinical manifestations.In this article,the authors present a case of 8 mo old boy having Sinus Pericranii.

Constructive interference in steady-state/FIESTA-C clinical applications in neuroimaging.

High spatial resolution is one of the major problems in neuroimaging, particularly in cranial and spinal nerve imaging. Constructive interference in steady-state/fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition with phase cycling is a robust sequence in imaging the cranial and spinal nerve pathologies. This pictorial review is a concise article about the applications of this sequence in neuroimaging with clinical examples.

Intracranial hypotension secondary to spinal arachnoid cyst rupture presenting with acute severe headache: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Headache is a common presenting complaint and has a wide differential diagnosis. Clinicians need to be alert to clues that may suggest an underlying secondary aetiology. We describe a novel case of headache secondary to intracranial hypotension which was precipitated by the rupture of a spinal arachnoid cyst. CASE REPORT: A 51-year-old Indian female presented with sudden onset severe headache suggestive of a subarachnoid haemorrage. Investigations including a computed tomography brain scan, cerebrospinal fluid examination and a magnetic resonance angiogram were normal. The headache persisted and magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral thin subdural collections, a spinal subarachnoid cyst and a right-sided pleural effusion. This was consistent with a diagnosis of headache secondary to intracranial hypotension resulting from spinal arachnoid cyst rupture. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal arachnoid cyst rupture is a rare cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a common yet under-diagnosed heterogeneous condition. It should feature significantly in the differential diagnosis of patients with new-onset daily persistent headache.

Fetal diastematomyelia: MR imaging: A case report.

MRI is increasingly being used in the diagnosis of fetal anomalies suspected on USG. The USG evaluation of fetal spinal anomalies is limited by acoustic shadowing, fetal position and the amount of liquor. Fetal MRI is able to show spinal anomalies well, as in our case of fetal diastematomyelia with a dorsal dermal sinus, suspected on USG at 28 weeks gestation.