RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Smoking and alcohol consumption are potential risk factors for breast cancer (BC) and may modify the risk of radiotherapy-associated second primary cancer (SPC) occurrence and total mortality. We explored the joint effect of smoking, or alcohol drinking, and radiotherapy on the risk of SPC and overall mortality among BC survivals. METHODS: We conducted a cancer registry-based study of 10,676 BC cases (stage 0-III) with data on smoking and alcohol consumption at time of diagnosis and clinical and therapeutics characteristics. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate Hazard Ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence interval [CI] of total and site-specific SPC and mortality adjusting for demographic and cancer related characteristics. RESULTS: The SPC risk associated with radiotherapy was higher among ever-smokers than never-smokers (p for interaction = 0.04). Compared to never-smokers/unirradiated, the adjusted HR for ever-smokers/irradiated was 1.79 (95%CI, 1.43-2.23), and for never-smokers/irradiated was 1.31 (95%CI, 1.06-1.63). Analysis by cancer site showed that for ever-smokers/irradiated the risk for hematological, gastrointestinal, gynecological urological and lung/pulmonary cancer was significantly increased by two to five-fold. Mortality was significantly higher for ever-smokers/irradiated (HR = 1.25; 95%CI, 1.06-1.47), but was lower for never-smokers/irradiated (HR = 0.85; 95%CI, 0.73-0.99). Alcohol consumption did not alter the association between radiotherapy and SPC risk, but was associated with lower mortality risk. CONCLUSION: Patients who received radiotherapy and smoked before or at time of BC diagnosis have an increased risk for specific SPCs; drinking alcohol did not alter the effect of radiotherapy. Smoking significantly increased mortality risk reducing the protective effect of radiotherapy treatment.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/epidemiología , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/etiología , Fumar Tabaco/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Sistema de Registros , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To study the impact of hormonal therapy (HTx) on intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer treated with permanent radioactive seed implantation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with Stage T1b-T3bN0 prostate cancer, and Gleason score > or = 7 or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >10 ng/mL were treated with seed implantation with or without HTx. Their disease was defined as intermediate risk (PSA 10-20, Gleason score 7, or Stage T2b) or high risk (two or more intermediate criteria, or PSA >20 ng/mL, Gleason score 8-10, or Stage T2c-T3). The median follow-up for 201 eligible patients was 42 months (range 18-110). Biochemical failure was defined as a rising PSA >1.0 ng/mL. Pretreatment disease characteristics, implant dose, and HTx were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: HTx significantly improved 5-year actuarial freedom from biochemical failure rate, 79% vs. 54% without HTx. In addition, high-dose, PSA < or = 15 ng/mL, intermediate risk, and Stage T2a or lower significantly improved outcome in the univariate analyses. HTx was the most significant predictor of 5-year actuarial freedom from biochemical failure (p <0.0001) in a multivariate analysis. The best outcome was in the intermediate-risk patients treated with a high implant dose and HTx, resulting in a 4-year actuarial freedom from biochemical failure rate of 94%. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective review, HTx improved outcome in intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with brachytherapy. HTx was the most important prognostic factor in the univariate and multivariate analyses.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Andrógenos/uso terapéutico , Braquiterapia/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/radioterapia , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Terapia Combinada , Estudios de Seguimiento , Goserelina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Leuprolida/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Paladio/uso terapéutico , Pronóstico , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Radioisótopos/uso terapéutico , Radiofármacos/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Riesgo , Insuficiencia del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare PSA relapse-free survival (PSA-RFS) between African-American (AA) and white American (WA) males treated with permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) for clinically localized prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One thousand eighty-one consecutive patients, including 246 African-Americans, underwent PPB with 103Pd or 125I, alone or with external beam radiation therapy between September 1992 and September 1999. Computer-generated matching was performed to create two identical cohorts of WA and AA males, based on the use of neoadjuvant androgen ablation (NAAD), pretreatment PSA, and Gleason score. Presenting characteristics were used to define risk groups, as follows: Low risk had PSA
Asunto(s)
Población Negra , Braquiterapia , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/radioterapia , Población Blanca , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis de Varianza , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Humanos , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Análisis por Apareamiento , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Paladio/uso terapéutico , Pronóstico , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Radioisótopos/uso terapéutico , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
To define the effects of neurotrophins on oligodendrocytes, we monitored NGF, BDNF and NT-3 actions on basal forebrain (BF) and cortical populations. NGF, BDNF and NT-3 applied to BF oligodendrocytes elicited increases in expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and enhanced the numbers of MBP+ cells, without affecting total cell numbers. In the cortex, however, while NGF and NT-3 influenced MBP expression, BDNF was without effect. To explore this apparent regional difference in BDNF action, we compared expression of the neurotrophin receptors trkA, trkB and trkC. While BF cells expressed all three trks, cortical cells did not express the full-length BDNF receptor, trkB. Interestingly, in no case was any receptor expressed by all oligodendrocytes, indicating that oligodendrocytes may be heterogeneous within a brain region. The data suggest that BF oligodendrocytes are influenced by BDNF to express MBP and are distinct in this ability from cortical cells.