Bifurcations of degenerate homoclinic solutions in discontinuous systems under non-autonomous perturbations.

The main aim of this paper is to study bifurcations of bounded solutions from a degenerate homoclinic solution for discontinuous systems under non-autonomous perturbations. We use Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction to give bifurcation equations and prove that a single parameter is enough to unfold two distinct homoclinic solutions bifurcated from the unperturbed degenerate homoclinic solution. Furthermore, we give an example of a periodically perturbed piecewise smooth differential equation in R4 to support our conclusions.

Kalman filtering-enhanced short-delay self-heterodyne interferometry for linewidth measurement.

We demonstrate an extended Kalman filtering-enhanced linewidth measurement in short-delay self-heterodyne interferometry (SDSHI). We found that a modified SDSHI trace closely resembles a biased cosine wave, which would enable convenient linewidth estimation by its uniform envelope contrast without any correction factor. Experimentally, we adopted this approach for kHz laser linewidth measurement, taking advantages of extended Kalman filtering (EKF) to adaptively track the cosine wave. Apart from the measurement noise suppression, this approach could use as many data points as possible in the noisy trace to make a linewidth estimation at each tracked data point, from which we can deduce valuable statistical parameters such as the mean and standard deviation. This approach involves no more equipment than conventional SDSHI and sophisticated EKF so that it can be easily implemented. Therefore, we believe it will find wide applications in ultra-narrow laser linewidth measurement.

Singular perturbation analysis in a coupled Chua's circuit with diffusion.

This paper is concerned with the traveling wave solutions of a singularly perturbed system, which arises from the coupled arrays of Chua's circuit. By the geometric singular perturbation theory and invariant manifold theory, we prove that there exists a heteroclinic cycle consisting of the traveling front and back waves with the same wave speed. In particular, the expression of corresponding wave speed is also obtained. Furthermore, we show that the chaotic behavior induced by this heteroclinic cycle is hyperchaos.

Determination of metabolisable and net energy contents of corn fed to Arbor Acres broilers and Beijing You chickens.

This study was done to compare the energy and nutrient utilisation of corn in Arbor Acres (AA) broilers and Beijing You (BJY) chickens. BJY chickens with the same age as AA broilers were named BJY1 chickens, and with the same body weight as AA broilers were named BJY2 chickens. Three groups of broilers (36 male AA broilers, 72 male BJY1 chickens, and 36 male BJY2 chickens), 2 treatments per group, 6 replicates per treatment, 3 chickens or 6 chickens per replicate. During each period, birds were fed in chambers for 11 days, including 5 days for adaptation to the feed, 3 days for excreta and gas data collection and another 3 days for fasting were recorded. Results showed that the fasting heat production (FHP) of AA, BJY1 and BJY2 chickens gradually stabilised after fasting for 72 h, the FHP of AA, BJY1 and BJY2 chickens were 486.54, 536.22 and 548.90 KJ/kg BW0.70 /day respectively. AA broilers had significantly lower (p < 0.01) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of starch in corn than that of BJY1 and BJY2 chickens, whereas there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) observed in ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) values of corn in AA, BJY1 and BJY2 chickens were 16.18, 16.81, and 16.39 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) and the corresponding nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) values were 15.71, 16.38 and 15.99 MJ/kg DM respectively. The net energy (NE) values of corn in AA, BJY1 and BJY2 chickens were 12.03, 12.28 and 11.97 MJ/kg DM respectively. In conclusion, BJY chickens had a higher maintenance energy requirement than that of AA broilers, and AA broilers of the same age and weight as BJY chickens showed no significant differences in AME, AMEn and NE values of corn.

Nutrient utilisation, metabolisable and net energy values of corn for broiler chickens during the starter and grower phases.

The objective of this experiment was to determine the energy values and nutrient utilisation of five corns at starer (14-16 days) and grower (28-30 days) phases. The 1-5 corn samples were obtained from Jinzhou, Liaoning; Gongzhuling, Jilin; Qingdao, Shandong; Songyuan, Jilin and Xinxiang, Henan, China. Each phase of the trial consisted of six treatments with six replicates each. The number of birds per replicate was 4 (Days 14-16) and 2 (Days 28-30). Diets included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and five test diets contained 30% of each corn sample, which replaced 30% of the energy-yielding components of the basal diet (as-fed basis). The trial consisted of six cycles, each cycle was 7 days, including 4 days for adaptation to feed. On Day 4, the birds were transferred to the respiration chambers. In the following 3 days, total excreta were collected and daily heat production was measured. The apparent total tract retention of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and starch improved with age, showing the same trend as energy values. The nitrogen-corrected metabolisable energy (AMEn) values for corn samples at the starter phase were in the range of 16.25-17.41 MJ/kg DM and at the grower phase were in the range of 17.23-17.60 MJ/kg DM. On the other hand, the net energy (NE) values of the five corn samples ranged from 9.93 to 11.67 MJ/kg DM during the starter period and from 11.19 to 12.27 MJ/kg DM during the grower period. The AMEn and NE values of the five corn samples were close to the literature values for corn. Results from our research indicated the nutrient digestibility and energy values of corn samples increase with the age of the broiler.

Homoclinic orbits in three-dimensional continuous piecewise linear generalized Michelson systems.

In this paper, we investigate the homoclinic orbits for the three-dimensional continuous piecewise linear generalized Michelson systems via analytical methods and numerical simulation. Based on the Poincaré map and invariant manifold theory, we discuss the existence of homoclinic orbits connecting the saddle-focus equilibrium. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our results.

Intranasal delivery of plasmids expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 gB/gC/gD proteins by polyethyleneimine magnetic beads activates long-term immune responses in mice.

BACKGROUND: DNA vaccine is one of the research hotspots in veterinary vaccine development. Several advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, ease of design and production, good biocompatibility of plasmid DNA, attractive biosafety, and DNA stability, are found in DNA vaccines. METHODS: In this study, the plasmids expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) gB, gC, and gD proteins were mixed at the same mass ratio and adsorbed polyethyleneimine (PEI) magnetic beads with a diameter of 50 nm. Further, the plasmid and PEI magnetic bead polymers were packaged into double carboxyl polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600 to use as a DNA vaccine. The prepared DNA vaccine was employed to vaccinate mice via the intranasal route. The immune responses were evaluated in mice after vaccination. RESULTS: The expression of viral proteins could be largely detected in the lung and rarely in the spleen of mice subjected to a vaccination. The examination of biochemical indicators, anal temperature, and histology indicated that the DNA vaccine was safe in vivo. However, short-time toxicity was observed. The total antibody detected with ELISA in vaccinated mice showed a higher level than PBS, DNA, PEI + DNA, and PBS groups. The antibody level was significantly elevated at the 15th week and started to decrease since the 17th week. The neutralizing antibody titer was significantly higher in DNA vaccine than naked DNA vaccinated animals. The total IgA level was much greater in the DNA vaccine group compared to other component vaccinated groups. The examination of cellular cytokines and the percentage of CD4/CD8 indicated that the prepared DNA vaccine induced a strong cellular immunity. CONCLUSION: The mixed application of plasmids expressing BoHV-1 gB/gC/gD proteins by nano-carrier through intranasal route could effectively activate long-term humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses at high levels in mice. These data indicate PEI magnetic beads combining with PEG600 are an efficient vector for plasmid DNA to deliver intranasally as a DNA vaccine candidate.

On the bulk transport process and its impact on the electrode behavior of mixed conducting electrodes for SOFCs.

The surface reaction and bulk transport processes represent two pillars in the kinetics studies of SOFC electrodes. The driving force of the ion transport process in the mixed ion-electron conductor (MIEC) electrodes is recapitulated. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are conducted on the so-called "bulk diffusion" process, along with experimental verification through the (LaSr)(CoFe)O3-δ cathode. It is proven that an electrical field will be present inside the MIEC electrode, which drives the motion of ions along with the concentration gradient. In the steady state, the distributions of ce, cv, ϕ, etc. are obtained. The impact of this electrical field on the electrode kinetics and stability is discussed. It is revealed that: (a) the equivalent PO2 at the interface calculated according to the overpotential and the Nernst equation could overestimate the stability concern. (b) From the viewpoint of the bulk pathway, polarization is not necessarily a beneficial factor, which could open up, or shut down the bulk pathway depending on the ionic defect type.

Modeling of the oxygen reduction reaction for dense LSM thin films.

In the present study, the oxygen reduction reaction mechanism is investigated using numerical methods on a dense thin (La1-xSrx)yMnO3±Î´ film deposited on a YSZ substrate. This 1-D continuum model consists of defect chemistry and elementary oxygen reduction reaction steps coupled via reaction rates. The defect chemistry model contains eight species including cation vacancies on the A- and B-sites. The oxygen vacancy is calculated by solving species transportation equations in multiphysics simulations. Due to the simple geometry of a dense thin film, the oxygen reduction reaction was reduced to three elementary steps: surface adsorption and dissociation, incorporation on the surface, and charge transfer across the LSM/YSZ interface. The numerical simulations allow for calculation of the temperature- and oxygen partial pressure-dependent properties of LSM. The parameters of the model are calibrated with experimental impedance data for various oxygen partial pressures at different temperatures. The results indicate that surface adsorption and dissociation is the rate-determining step in the ORR of LSM thin films. With the fine-tuned parameters, further quantitative analysis is performed. The activation energy of the oxygen exchange reaction and the dependence of oxygen non-stoichiometry on oxygen partial pressure are also calculated and verified using the literature results.

New mechanistic insight into the oxygen reduction reaction on Ruddlesden-Popper cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.

Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) phase materials have been investigated widely as cathode candidates for IT-SOFCs. However, widespread application of R-P phase cathodes demands further improvement in electrode activity whose progress is hindered by the limited information in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The ORR mechanism for the R-P phase is therefore investigated in this paper using (LaSr)2NiO(4±Î´) as an example. Accurate characterization of the surface oxygen exchange process is realized by developing thin and dense polycrystalline LSNO layers via a versatile spray-modified pressing method we invented before to avoid perceptible bulk diffusion contribution, surface enrichment and geometry complication. The governing factors of the ORR are identified as oxygen adsorption and incorporation based on the findings in reaction orders from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), stoichiometry-related chemical capacitance and intrinsic anisotropic properties. The incorporation rate is proven to drastically depend on the amount of interstitial oxygen (O(i)"). Since the unfilled interstitial sites(V(i)(×)) in the R-P phase serve to accommodate the adsorbed oxygen during incorporation, like vacancies in the perovskite structure (V(O)(••)), more O(i)" would seem to suppress the kinetics of this process. In regards to this, for the first time, a physical model is proposed to reconcile the discrepancy between the experimental results and intuitive reasoning. Based on supporting evidence, this model illustrates a possibility of how O(i)" works to regulate the exchange rate, and how the contradiction between V(O)(••) and O(i)" is harmonized so that the latter in the R-P structure also positively promotes the incorporation rate in the ORR.

Determination and prediction of standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of wheat bran in broiler chickens.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this experiment was to determine the standard ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acid (AA) in 10 different sources of wheat bran fed to broilers and establish the SID AA prediction based on the chemical composition. METHODS: A total of 660 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 11 treatments with 6 replicates of 10 chickens each. Diets included 10 semi-purified mash diets and 1 nitrogenfree diet. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 0.50% was used as an indigestible index. On day 13, 6 chickens from each replicate were selected for slaughter to collect ileal contents. On day 28, 4 chickens from each replicate were selected for slaughter to collect ileal contents. RESULTS: Results showed that the coefficient of variation of the conventional nutrients (except for gross energy, and dry matter) and all AAs was greater than 8.00%. The average SID of essential AA in wheat bran for 13-day-old broilers was 37.24% and the average SID of nonessential AA was 42.02%; the average SID of essential AA for 28-day-old broilers was 67.13% and the average SID of nonessential AA was 69.51%. A correlation was observed (p<0.05) between most SID AA and crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ash at day 13. A correlation was observed (p<0.05) between most SID AA and CF, and ADF at day 28. The R2 value of stepwise regression equations for predicting the SID AA at day 13 and day 28 was best for glutamic acid (R2 = 0.97 using CP, ash, CF, ether extract (EE), and neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) and lysine (R2 = 0.74 using ash, ADF, EE, and NDF), respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, broiler age had a significant effect on the SID AA values of wheat bran. The chemical composition of wheat bran varied widely between sources, and CP, CF, ADF, NDF, and ash were reasonable predictors of the SID AA of wheat bran.

TMT proteomics establishes correlations between solar drying and quality modifications in Penaeus vannamei.

This study investigated proteomic changes in Penaeus vannamei in half-dried and dried shrimp using tandem mass-tag technology. After performing the drying treatment, the tandem mass-tag results revealed 1,162,306 spectra, 2997 quantifiable proteins, and 72 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) compared with that in the untreated group. A total of 29 DEPs were found in the half-dried shrimp, while 49 DEPs were found in the dried shrimp. Bioinformatic analyses based on Gene Ontology term enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interactions showed that the DEPs were primarily involved in protein structure and fat metabolism. A correlation analysis between the DEPs and quality indicators showed that 45 DEPs were significantly associated with shrimp quality traits, with certain proteins potentially representing markers of color and texture. Of these, arthrodial cuticle protein AMP16.3 might be a protein marker for color, while heat shock protein 21, WH2 domain-containing protein, and myosin heavy chain 1 might be markers of shrimp muscle textural properties. These results provide a systematic understanding of the quality difference between half-dried and dried P. vannamei from the perspective of proteomics and have potential scientific significance and practical value for improving the quality of dried products.

Effects of Lonicerae flos and Turmeric extracts on growth performance and intestinal health of yellow-feathered broilers.

This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of Lonicerae flos and Turmeric extracts (LTE) added to diets on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 720 healthy 21-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, with 6 replicates and 40 broilers per replicate. These 3 dietary treatments included a basal diet + 0 g/t LTE (CON), a basal diet + 300 g/t LTE (LTE300), and a basal diet + 500 g/t LTE (LTE500). The results showed that dietary supplementation of LTE linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (d 21-38) and average daily feed intake (d 21-60). At d 60, LTE300 had the highest serum total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), and LTE500 had the lowest malondialdehyde level (P < 0.05) among the three groups. Moreover, compared to CON, LTE300 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced endotoxin (d 38 and d 60) and diamine oxidase activity (d 38); LTE500 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced endotoxin (d 38 and d 60) and diamine oxidase levels (d 60) in the serum. LTE groups significantly (P < 0.05) increased ileal the ratio of villus height to crypt depth and serum immunoglobulin G. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of LTE also improved the intestinal epithelial barrier by the up-regulated mRNA expression of Claudin-1, Occludin and zonula occludens-1, and decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-2, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor κB, myeloid differentiation factor 88 and toll-like receptor 4. Compared to CON, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that LTE300 had a better effect on the microbial diversity and composition in the ileum, and Bacillus and Lactobacillus_agilis were significantly enriched in LTE300. PICRUSt results showed that LTE300 was significantly (P < 0.05) enriched in four pathway pathways at KEGG level 2. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with LTE improved growth performance and intestinal health by enhancing antioxidant capacity, intestinal barrier and immune function, and regulating intestinal flora of yellow-feathered broilers.

Selenium nanoparticles promotes intestinal development in broilers by inhibiting intestinal inflammation and NLRP3 signaling pathway compared with other selenium sources.

This study aimed to investigate how various selenium sources affect the intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total of 384, one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were weighed and randomly allocated to four treatment groups. The control diet was a basal diet added with: 0.2 mg/kg Sodium Selenite (SS-control), 0.2 mg/kg Selenium nano-particles (Nano-Se), 0.2 mg/kg Selenomethionine (SeMet), and 0.2 mg/kg Selenocysteine (Sec) as the treatments. The results indicated that Nano-Se and SeMet were effective in enhancing the villus height (VH) and the villus height/crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) in the jejunum compared to (SS) (P < 0.05). The inclusion of Nano-Se into the diets increased the mRNA levels of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2, Occludin, Claudin-1, and Claudin-3 compared to the SS diet (P < 0.05). The SeMet increased the levels of ZO-1 and Claudin-3 compared to the SS (P < 0.05). Moreover, SeMet upregulated the marker genes of intestinal enteroendocrine cells, stem cells, and epithelial cells compared to the SS diet (P < 0.05). However, supplementation of Nano-Se reduced the mRNA levels of interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), and IL-8 and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the jejunum compared to the SS (P < 0.05). The Nano-Se and SeMet also increased the protein levels of CAT and SOD compared to the SS and Sec diet (P < 0.05). The number of the goblet cells and Mucin-2 (Muc2) levels were the highest in the Nano-Se group (P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of goblet cell differentiation regulator (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog, c-Myc) were highest in the Nano-Se compared to the SS diet (P < 0.05). The Nano-Se decreased the mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 signaling pathway-related genes compared to the SS diet (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Nano-Se and SeMet are better at improving the intestinal health of 21-day-old broilers. Additionally, Nano-Se demonstrated superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, promoting the development of intestinal goblet cells by modifying the NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Molecularly imprinted Photoelectrochemical sensor for Escherichia coli based on Cu:ZIF-8/KZ3TTz heterojunction.

Herein, a signal stable molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical (MIP-PEC) sensing platform was designed to sensitively detect Escherichia coli by incorporating polythiophene film with Cu: ZIF-8/KZ3TTz heterojunction. Attributed to the formation of a staggered type II heterostructure between KZ3TTz and Cu: ZIF-8 semiconductors, the Cu: ZIF-8/KZ3TTz heterojunction exhibited stable and significant cathode PEC response. Impressively, selective MIP film was grown on the surface of Cu: ZIF-8/KZ3TTz/GCE by electro-polymerization of 2,2-Dimethyl-5-(3-thienyl)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (DTDD) in the presence of E. coli. After removing E. coli, more electrons were transferred to the electrolyte solution through the imprinting cavity on the MIP film, which was eliminated by O2 in the electrolyte, causing further enhancement of the cathode PEC response. On the contrary, when the imprinted cavity was filled with E. coli, the cathodic PEC response gradually decreased due to steric hindrance effect. The sensor showed excellent linearity in the range of 101 to 108 CFU/mL with a detection limit of 4.09 CFU/mL (S/N = 3). This strategy offered a novel approach for pathogenic bacteria detection in food safety and environmental monitoring.

Effects of baicalin and chlorogenic acid on growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal health of broilers.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of baicalin and chlorogenic acid (BC) on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota, and mucosal metabolism in broilers. A total of 720 twenty-one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated into 3 groups, with 6 replicates per group and 40 chickens per replicate. They were fed a basal diet (Con group) or a basal diet supplemented with 250 or 400 mg/kg BC (BC250 and BC400 groups) for 40 consecutive days. The results revealed that 250 mg/kg BC significantly increased 60-d body weight and average daily gain during 39 to 60 d (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Supplementation with 250 mg/kg BC improved the antioxidant capacity and immunity of broilers, as evidenced by increased (P < 0.05) superoxide dismutase and decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde levels in serum and ileum, as well as increased (P < 0.05) immunoglobulin G levels. Supplementation with 250 mg/kg BC enhanced intestinal development by improving intestinal morphology and promoting the proliferation of intestinal crypts. Moreover, Supplementation with 250 mg/kg BC improved (P < 0.05) intestinal permeability, up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of tight junction-related genes (Occludin and ZO-1), and down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-2, IL-8, and IFN-γ). 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant enrichment of Microbacteriaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Anaerovoracaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae in the BC250 group. Metabolomics showed that 250 mg/kg BC up-regulated the lysosome, foxo signaling pathway, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, while down-regulating the biosynthesis of cofactors pathway. In conclusion, supplementing diets with 250 mg/kg BC is recommended to modulate intestinal microbiota, mucosal metabolism, and antioxidant capacity, thereby improving broiler growth performance and intestinal health.

Local Ordering, Distortion, and Redox Activity in (La0.75Sr0.25)(Mn0.25Fe0.25Co0.25Al0.25)O3 Investigated by a Computational Workflow for Compositionally Complex Perovskite Oxides.

Mixing multiple cations can result in a significant configurational entropy, offer a new compositional space with vast tunability, and introduce new computational challenges. For applications such as the two-step solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) generation techniques, we demonstrate that using density functional theory (DFT) combined with Metropolis Monte Carlo method (DFT-MC) can efficiently sample the possible cation configurations in compositionally complex perovskite oxide (CCPO) materials, with (La0.75Sr0.25)(Mn0.25Fe0.25Co0.25Al0.25)O3 as an example. In the presence of oxygen vacancies (VO), DFT-MC simulations reveal a significant increase of the local site preference of the cations (short-range ordering), compared to a more random mixing without VO. Co is found to be the redox-active element and the VO is the preferentially generated next to Co due to the stretched Co-O bonds. A clear definition of the vacancy formation energy (Evf) is proposed for CCPO in an ensemble of structures evolved in parallel from independent DFT-MC paths. By combining the distribution of Evf with VO interactions into a statistical model, the oxygen nonstoichiometry (δ), under the STCH thermal reduction and oxidation conditions, is predicted and compared with the experiments. Similar to the experiments, the predicted δ can be used to extract the enthalpy and entropy of reduction using the van't Hoff method, providing direct comparisons with the experimental results. This procedure provides a full predictive workflow for using DFT-MC to obtain possible local ordering or fully random structures, understand the redox activity of each element, and predict the thermodynamic properties of CCPOs, for computational screening and design of these CCPO materials at STCH conditions.

Unusual aliovalent doping effects on oxygen non-stoichiometry in medium-entropy compositionally complex perovskite oxides.

Aliovalent doping of perovskite oxides can tune the oxygen vacancy formation energy. This work discovers normal vs. abnormal aliovalent doping effects on redox behaviors in medium-entropy compositionally complex perovskite oxides (CCPOs) (La1-xSrx)(Mn1/3Fe1/3Ti1/3)O3-δ (LS_MFT) vs. (La1-xSrx)(Mn1/3Fe1/3Cr1/3)O3-δ (LS_MFC). In the LS_MFC series, the oxygen non-stoichiometry range Δδ (= δred - δox) linearly depends on the Sr molar ratio x, while the LS_MFT series shows a V-shape dependence of Δδ on x. This unusual observation is investigated and explained based on the analysis of the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) in STEM electron energy loss spectroscopy, along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In LS_MFC, Cr-L2,3, Mn-L2,3 and Fe-L2,3 peaks have a similar linear shift to higher energy with increasing x, which indicates higher oxidation states of Cr, Mn, and Fe with lower oxygen vacancy formation energies. In LS_MFT, the V-shape of the Δδ vs. x curve is caused by the stable Ti4+ state and a V-shape Mn/Fe valency dependence on x. This study suggests the possible existence of different (including unexpected) coupled aliovalent doping effects in CCPOs with multiple B-site redox active elements.

A TMT-based proteomic approach for investigating the effect of electron beam irradiation on the textural profiles of Litopenaeus vannamei during chilled storage.

To elucidate the effect of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the textural quality of Litopenaeus vannamei, the tandem-mass-tag labeled proteomic method was conducted to illustrate the protein changes in shrimp muscle. The results suggested that shrimp irradiated with 5 kGy exhibited optimum textural traits of hardness, springiness, and chewiness. In total, 486 proteins were identified as differentially abundance proteins (DAPs) in multiple comparison groups. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that most of DAPs participated in cellular process, binding, and catalytic. etc. Various signaling pathways, such as RNA transport and oxidative phosphorylation, were notably enriched by DAPs. The correlation analysis indicated that some DAPs such as Myosin-XVIIIa, projectin, and beta-thymosin 3 were remarkably correlated with the textural properties, which could be proposed as potential biomarkers to assess the irradiation-induced textural variation in shrimp. This study provided an insightful understanding at the protein level to improve the application of EBI to shrimp preservation.

Quantitative proteomics provides insights into the mechanism of the differences in heat-induced gel properties for egg white proteins with different interior quality during ageing in laying hens.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism for the differences in heat-induced gel properties of egg white proteins with different interior quality during ageing in laying hens. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that the abundance of ovotransferrin, avidin, mucin 5B, and clusterin increased with decreasing Haugh units (HU), leading to the transition from disorder to order in the secondary and tertiary structure of egg white proteins, with the burial of hydrophobic groups and a reduction in the negative charge on the protein surface, rendering the egg white protein solution aggregated. These changes would accelerate the rate of aggregation of egg white proteins during heating, resulting in the loss of orientation of the molecular chains, forming coarse and porous gel structures and poor gel properties. This research provides a new idea for improving the gelling properties of egg whites from lower interior quality during ageing in laying hens.