Potential-Rate Correlations of Supported Palladium-Based Catalysts for Aqueous Formic Acid Dehydrogenation.

Aqueous formic acid dehydrogenation (FAD) is a crucial process for hydrogen production, as hydrogen is a clean energy carrier. During this process, formic acid converts into hydrogen and carbon dioxide over a catalyst. Pd-based catalysts have exhibited significant potential in FAD due to their high activity and selectivity. In this study, we investigated aqueous thermal FAD in a mixture of formic acid and sodium formate using electrochemical open-circuit potential (OCP) measurement by loading the catalysts onto a conductive substrate as a working electrode. By varying the reaction conditions such as the concentration of reactants and modifying Pd with Ag, different FAD rates were obtained. Consequently, we revealed the correlation between the catalyst OCP and FAD rate; superior FAD rates reflected a more negative catalyst OCP. Furthermore, deactivation was observed across all catalysts during FAD, with a concurrent increase in catalyst OCP. Interestingly, we found that the logarithm of the FAD rate showed a linear correlation with the OCP of the catalyst during the decay phase, which we quantitatively explained based on the reaction mechanism. This study presents a new discovery that bridges thermal and electrocatalysis.

Preoperative prediction of cervical cancer survival using a high-resolution MRI-based radiomics nomogram.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer patients receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy require accurate survival prediction methods. The objective of this study was to develop a prognostic analysis model based on a radiomics score to predict overall survival (OS) in cervical cancer patients. METHODS: Predictive models were developed using data from 62 cervical cancer patients who underwent radical hysterectomy between June 2020 and June 2021. Radiological features were extracted from T2-weighted (T2W), T1-weighted (T1W), and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance images prior to treatment. We obtained the radiomics score (rad-score) using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Cox's proportional hazard model. We divided the patients into low- and high-risk groups according to the critical rad-score value, and generated a nomogram incorporating radiological features. We evaluated the model's prediction performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and classified the participants into high- and low-risk groups based on radiological characteristics. RESULTS: The 62 patients were divided into high-risk (n = 43) and low-risk (n = 19) groups based on the rad-score. Four feature parameters were selected via dimensionality reduction, and the scores were calculated after modeling. The AUC values of ROC curves for prediction of 3- and 5-year OS using the model were 0.84 and 0.93, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our nomogram incorporating a combination of radiological features demonstrated good performance in predicting cervical cancer OS. This study highlights the potential of radiomics analysis in improving survival prediction for cervical cancer patients. However, further studies on a larger scale and external validation cohorts are necessary to validate its potential clinical utility.

Confinement Effects in Well-Defined Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Selective CO2 Hydrogenation: A Review.

Decarbonization has become an urgent affair to restrain global warming. CO2 hydrogenation coupled with H2 derived from water electrolysis is considered a promising route to mitigate the negative impact of carbon emission and also promote the application of hydrogen. It is of great significance to develop catalysts with excellent performance and large-scale implementation. In the past decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely involved in the rational design of catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation due to their high surface areas, tunable porosities, well-ordered pore structures, and diversities in metals and functional groups. Confinement effects in MOFs or MOF-derived materials have been reported to promote the stability of CO2 hydrogenation catalysts, such as molecular complexes of immobilization effect, active sites in size effect, stabilization in the encapsulation effect, and electron transfer and interfacial catalysis in the synergistic effect. This review attempts to summarize the progress of MOF-based CO2 hydrogenation catalysts up to now, and demonstrate the synthetic strategies, unique features, and enhancement mechanisms compared with traditionally supported catalysts. Great emphasis will be placed on various confinement effects in CO2 hydrogenation. The challenges and opportunities in precise design, synthesis, and applications of MOF-confined catalysis for CO2 hydrogenation are also summarized.

The Genome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Provides Insight into the Evolution of Genomes and Effectors of Fusarium oxysporum Species.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, the causal agent of cowpea fusarium wilt, is a serious threat to cowpea production in China. In this study, a sample of cowpea fusarium wilt was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli using the methods of morphological characters and molecular detection. We further reported the first genome assembly for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, with 53.7 Mb genome sequence comprising 14,694 genes. Comparative genomic analysis among five Fusarium oxysporum genomes showed that four accessory chromosomes in the five Fusarium oxysporum display similar characteristics, with low sequence similarity (55.35%, vs. overall average of 81.76%), low gene density (2.18 genes/10 kb vs. 3.02 genes/Mb) and highly transposable element density (TEs) (15.01/100 kb vs. 4.89/100 kb), indicating that variable accessory chromosomes are the main source of Fusarium oxysporum evolution. We identified a total of 100 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli-specific effectors in the genome and found 13 specific effector genes located in large insertion or deletion regions, suggesting that insertion or deletion events can cause the emergence of species-specific effectors in Fusarium oxysporum. Our genome assembly of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli provides a valuable resource for the study of cowpea fusarium wilt, and the comparative genomic study of Fusarium oxysporum could contribute to the knowledge of genome and effector-associated pathogenicity evolution in Fusarium oxysporum study.

Depth-driven responses of microbial residual carbon to nitrogen addition approaches in a tropical forest: Canopy addition versus understory addition.

Canopies play an important role in nitrogen (N) redistribution in forest ecosystems, and ignoring the canopy's role might bias estimates of the ecological consequences of anthropogenic atmospheric N deposition. We investigated the effects of the approach of N addition (Canopy addition vs. Understory addition) and level of N addition (25 kg N ha-1yr-1 vs. 50 kg N ha-1yr-1) on microbial residual carbon (MRC) accumulation in topsoil and subsoil. We found that the response of MRC to both approach and level of N addition varied greatly with soil depth in a tropical forest over eight years of continuous N addition. Specifically, N addition enhanced the accumulation of fungal and total MRC and their contribution to soil organic C (SOC) pools in the topsoil, whereas it decreased the contribution of fungal and total MRC to SOC in the subsoil. The contrasting effects of N addition on MRC contribution at varying soil depths were associated with the distinct response of microbial residues production. Understory N addition showed overall greater effects on MRC accumulation than canopy N addition did. Our results suggest that the canopy plays an important role in buffering the impacts of anthropogenic atmospheric N deposition on soil C cycling in tropical forests. The depth-dependent response of microbial residues to N addition also highlights the urgent need for further studies of different response mechanisms at different soil depths.

Blue, Yellow, and Red Carbon Dots from Aromatic Precursors for Light-Emitting Diodes.

In this work, multicolor fluorescent carbon dots with red (R-CDs), yellow (Y-CDs), and blue (B-CDs) emissions were prepared by choosing proper aromatic precursors with different amounts of benzene rings through a simple solvothermal method. The characterization showed that the prepared carbon dots were spherical with a size under 10 nm, rich surface functional groups, and good stability. The emission wavelengths were located at 440, 530, and 580 nm under the excitation of 370 nm. The relative fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of R-CDs, Y-CDs, and B-CDs was 11%, 59%, and 33%, respectively. The related characterization demonstrated that the redshift in the photoluminescence was caused by the synergistic effect of the increasing graphitic nitrogen content, quantum size effect and surface oxidation state. By mixing the three prepared CDs into a PVA matrix, the transparent and flexible films produced relucent blue, yellow, and red emissions under 365 nm UV light, and solid-state quenching was effectively avoided. LEDs were fabricated by using B-CDs, Y-CDs, and R-CDs/PVA with a semiconductor chip. These CDs-based LEDs produced bright blue, yellow, and red light with CIE color coordinates of (0.16, 0.02), (0.38, 0.58), and (0.50, 0.49) were successfully manufactured utilizing the prepared blue, yellow and red multicolor carbon dots as the solid luminescent materials. The results showed that the synthesized CDs can be potentially applied in multi-color monitors as a promising candidate for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This work blazes a novel trail for the controllable preparation of multicolor fluorescent carbon dots.

Integrated analysis of the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA expression profiles reveals novel insights into potential mechanisms in response to root-knot nematodes in peanut.

BACKGROUND: Peanut is the most essential oil and food crop globally due to its high oil and protein content. Root-knot nematode infects peanut roots, causing poor development and severely limiting peanut yields worldwide. The discovery of peanut genome identified a considerable number of genetic loci controlling the peanut root-knot nematode; however, the molecular mechanism of root-knot nematode remains unknown. RESULTS: The heterogeneous response to root-knot nematode stress in peanut roots was identified using whole-transcriptome RNA-seq. A total of 430 mRNAs, 111 miRNAs, 4453 lncRNAs, and 123 circRNAs were found to have differential expression between infected and non-infected peanuts. The expression profiles of the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network were developed to understand the potential pathways that lead to root-knot nematodes in peanut roots. During root-knot nematodes stress, a total of 10 lncRNAs, 4 circRNAs, 5 miRNAs, and 13 mRNAs can create competing endogenous RNA and participate in the oxidation-reduction process as well as other biological metabolism processes in peanuts. The findings will highlight the role of peanut ceRNAs in response to root-knot nematodes. CONCLUSION: The GO classification and KEGG pathway enrichment study of core regulatory networks revealed that ceRNAs are involved in oxidation-reduction, peroxidase activity, lignin synthesis in the xylem, and flavonoid synthesis. Overall, these findings may help researchers better understand the role of non-coding RNAs in response to root-knot nematodes.

Sense-aware lexical sophistication indices and their relationship to second language writing quality.

The relationship of lexical sophistication to second language (L2) production quality has received much attention in the past few decades. Viewed as a multidimensional construct, lexical sophistication has been measured using indices that tap into various distributional, formal, semantic, acquisitional, and psycholinguistic properties of words and certain n-gram properties (e.g., Kyle et al., 2018). However, existing indices have not systematically accounted for the fact that polysemous words are used with distinct senses in different contexts and that those senses may not be equally sophisticated for L2 learners. The current study addresses this gap by proposing three frequency-based lexical sophistication indices that take into account the reference-corpus frequency of the senses with which polysemous words are used in learner texts and assessing their predictive power for L2 English writing quality both in comparison to and in combination with existing lexical sophistication indices. Results from the analysis of a corpus of exam scripts produced by L2 learners sitting for the Cambridge First Certificate in English (Yannakoudakis et al., 2011) show that two sense-aware indices proposed correlated more strongly with holistic scores of L2 English writing quality than existing indices. Integrating the new sense-aware indices with existing ones in a regression model resulted in higher predictive power for L2 English writing quality than models built with either set of indices alone. The implications of our findings for future L2 lexical sophistication research are discussed.

Nitrogen addition stimulates soil aggregation and enhances carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of China: A meta-analysis.

China is experiencing a high level of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, which greatly affects the soil carbon (C) dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil aggregation contributes to the stability of soil structure and to soil C sequestration. Although many studies have reported the effects of N enrichment on bulk soil C dynamics, the underlying mechanisms explaining how soil aggregates respond to N enrichment remain unclear. Here, we used a meta-analysis of data from 76N manipulation experiments in terrestrial ecosystems in China to assess the effects of N enrichment on soil aggregation and its sequestration of C. On average, N enrichment significantly increased the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates by 10%. The proportion of macroaggregates and silt-clay fraction were significantly increased (6%) and decreased (9%) by N enrichment, respectively. A greater response of macroaggregate C (+15%) than of bulk soil C (+5%) to N enrichment was detected across all ecosystems. However, N enrichment had minor effects on microaggregate C and silt-clay C. The magnitude of N enrichment effect on soil aggregation varied with ecosystem type and fertilization regime. Additionally, soil pH declined consistently and was correlated with soil aggregate C. Overall, our meta-analysis suggests that N enrichment promotes particulate organic C accumulation via increasing macroaggregate C and acidifying soils. In contrast, increases in soil aggregation could inhibit microbially mediated breakdown of soil organic matter, causing minimal change in mineral-associated organic C. Our findings highlight that atmospheric N deposition may enhance the formation of soil aggregates and their sequestration of C in terrestrial ecosystems in China.

Dynamin 2 Is Correlated with Recurrence and Poor Prognosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common histological type of thyroid cancer. Most PTC patients have favorable outcomes, but 10% of patients still have distant metastases at presentation or during follow-up. Dynamin 2 (DNM2) is the only DNM ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, but its expression and clinical significance in PTC is still unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our study, we investigated the expression of DNM2 in 112 cases of PTC and classified the patients into low and high expression of DNM2. The clinical significance of DNM2 was evaluated by assessing its correlation with the clinicopathological parameters with the chi-square method. The correlations between DNM2 expression and the disease-free survival rate or overall survival rate were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. The independent prognostic factors of PTC were determined by the Cox-regression hazard model. RESULTS Patients with low and high DNM2 expression accounted for 75% and 25% respectively in the 112 patients with PTC. High DNM2 expression was significantly associated with recurrence (P=0.014) and poor prognosis (P=0.004). In addition to tumor stage, DNM2 expression was an independent prognostic biomarker of PTC, indicating an unfavorable prognosis. CONCLUSIONS DNM2 was an independent PTC biomarker indicating more likely recurrence and poorer prognosis. Detecting DNM2 expression may help to select the high-risk patients for adjuvant therapy.

Solvent-Free Secondary Growth of Highly b-Oriented MFI Zeolite Films from Anhydrous Synthetic Powder.

Up to date, zeolite films have been mainly fabricated by in situ crystallization, secondary growth in a solution/hydrogel, or occasionally by vapor phase transformation of dry gel. Here we demonstrate for the first time a solvent-free secondary growth method for b-oriented silica MFI zeolite films using the synthetic powder from ground anhydrous raw solids in the presence of NH4F. Typically, precisely b-oriented MFI zeolite films are synthesized from seed layers of highly b-oriented MFI zeolite crystals in the synthetic powder of 1SiO2:0.035TPABr:0.05NH4F at 175 °C for 6 h. If needed, b-oriented MFI zeolite multilayer films can be acquired by changing the synthesis time or the amount of NH4F in the synthetic powder. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal synthesis, the approach developed here may provide a new avenue for fabricating high quality zeolite films/membranes.

Overexpression of SET and MYND Domain-Containing Protein 2 (SMYD2) Is Associated with Tumor Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2 (SMYD2), which is identified as a protein-lysine methyltransferase, plays a crucial role in the progression of some tumors such as bladder carcinoma. However, the clinical significance of SMYD2 in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression and role of SMYD2 in human PTC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinicopathological analysis was performed in 107 patients with PTC. Expression of SMYD2 was determined by immunohistochemistry staining, quantitative RT-PCR, or Western blotting in PTC tissues, adjacent normal tissues, and PTC cells (K1 and B-CPAP). The prognostic value of SMYD2 in PTC patients was assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier log-rank tests. Cell proliferation was examined in PTC cells following overexpression or knockdown of SMYD2. RESULTS SMYD2 was highly expressed in PTC tissues compared to adjacent thyroid tissues. Additionally, high expression of SMYD2 was significantly related to tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Moreover, SMYD2 was identified as an independent prognosis factor by multivariate analysis. Using 2 PTC cell lines, K1 and B-CPAP, we demonstrated that high expression of SMYD2 can promote tumor cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS SMYD2 expression was upregulated in PTC tissues and significantly related to the poorer prognosis of PTC patients. Our studies suggested the potential role of SMYD2 as a new therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in human PTC.

Fabrication of b-Oriented MFI Zeolite Films under Neutral Conditions without the Use of Hydrogen Fluoride.

The fabrication of MFI zeolite films with particular b-axis orientation is especially fascinating. Unlike the conventional alkaline or hydrofluoric acid (HF) assisted neutral synthesis route, here we develop a novel neutral synthesis solution system of TPABr/fumed silica/H2 O without the use of HF and successfully synthesize highly b-oriented MFI zeolite films on glass-plate substrates by secondary growth. The localized weak alkaline environment created by the dissolved Na2 O species from the substrate is identified as the key factor for the depolymerization of fumed silica and subsequently the in-plane growth of zeolite seed layers. Continuous b-oriented MFI films can also be synthesized on other substrates in the presence of a glass plate or a trace amount of NaOH, which making our neutral synthesis route promising for the direct synthesis of MFI zeolite films and membranes on various substrates.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 promotes progression and correlates to poor prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is related to poor prognosis of several cancers, but the correlation between FGFR4 expression and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has not been well elucidated. We investigated the expression of FGFR4 in 83 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (IHCCs), 75 perihilar cholangiocarcinomas (PHCCs) and 41 distal cholangiocarcinomas (DCCs) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and subsequently evaluated association of FGFR4 with clinicopathologic parameters and survival rate. The rate of FGFR4 higher expression was 61.4% (51/83) in IHCCs, 53.3% (40/75) in PHCCs and 56.1% (23/41) in DCCs. FGFR4 expression was significantly related to poor prognosis of IHCC (P=0.002) and PHCC (P=0.019) with univariate analysis, and also identified as an independent prognostic factor in IHCC (P=0.045) and PHCC (P=0.049) with multivariate analysis. Additionally, with functional assays in vitro, we found FGFR4 can induce proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CCA cell lines with FGF19 stimulation. Moreover, FGFR4 inhibitor AP24354 can suppress proliferation, invasion and induce apoptosis of CCA cells. In conclusion, FGFR4 expression can be identified as a significant independent prognostic biomarker of IHCC and PHCC. FGFR4 played a pivotal role in proliferation, invasion and EMT of CCA. FGFR4 inhibitor can suppress proliferation, invasion and induce apoptosis of CCA, indicating that FGFR4 may act as a potential therapeutic target.

MXene/Carbon Dots Nanozyme Composites for Glutathione Detection and Tumor Therapy.

Co-N-CDs-based MXene nanocomposites (MXene@PDA/Co-N-CDs) were constructed by decorating Co-N-CDs on polydopamine-functionalized MXene nanosheets. Both Co-N-CDs and MXene nanosheets have peroxidase-like activity; when the two materials are combined to form MXene@PDA/Co-N-CDs nanocomposites, the peroxide-like activity can be further enhanced. MXene@PDA/Co-N-CDs could oxidize the substrate 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenziline (TMB) to form ox-TMB, as confirmed by detecting the absorption of the blue products. A highly selective colorimetric biosensor was developed for the determination of glutathione (GSH) in the concentration range of 0.3 to 20 µM with a lower detection limit (LOD) of 0.12 µM, which realized the accurate detection of GSH in human serum and urine samples. Moreover, in the tumor microenvironment, MXene@PDA/Co-N-CDs could catalyze hydrogen peroxide to produce hydroxyl free radicals and produce a photothermal effect under the exposure of NIR-I irradiation. The catalytic activity of MXene@PDA/Co-N-CD nanocomposites was fully achieved for the death of cancer cells through photothermal/photodynamic synergistic therapy. The MXene@PDA/Co-N-CDs nanozyme offers multiple applications in GSH detection and tumor therapy.

IMD-Net: Interpretable multi-scale detection network for infrared dim and small objects.

This study proposed an interpretable multi-scale infrared small object detection network (IMD-Net) design method to improve the precision of infrared small object detection and contour segmentation in complex backgrounds. To this end, a multi-scale object enhancement module was constructed, which converted artificially designed features into network structures. The network structure was used to enhance actual objects and extract shallow detail and deep semantic features of images. Next, a global object response, channel attention, and multilayer feature fusion modules were introduced, combining context and channel information and aggregated information, selected data, and decoded objects. Finally, the multiple loss constraint module was constructed, which effectively constrained the network output using multiple losses and solved the problems of high false alarms and high missed detections. Experimental results showed that the proposed network model outperformed local energy factor (LEF), self-regularized weighted sparse model (SRWS), asymmetric contextual modulation (ACM), and other state of the art methods in the intersection-over-union (IoU) and Fmeasure values by 10.8% and 11.3%, respectively. The proposed method performed best on the currently available datasets, achieving accurate detection and effective segmentation of dim and small objects in various infrared complex background images.

Environmental occurrence, bioaccumulation and human risks of emerging fluoroalkylether substances: Insight into security of alternatives.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used due to their unique structure and excellent performance, while also posing threats on ecosystem, especially long-chain perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). As the control of conventional PFASs, fluoroalkylether substances (ether-PFASs) as alternatives are constantly emerging. Subsequently, the three representative ether-PFASs, chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (F-53B), hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA), and 4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoicacid (ADONA) are discovered and have received more attention in the environment and ecosystem. But their security is now also being challenged. This review systematically assesses their security from six dimensions including environmental occurrence in water, soil and atmosphere, as well as bioaccumulation and risk in plants, animals and humans. High substitution level is observed for F-53B, whether in environment or living things. Like PFOS or even more extreme, F-53B exhibits high biomagnification ability, transmission efficiency from maternal to infant, and various biological toxicity effects. HFPO-DA still has a relatively low substitution level for PFOA, but its use has emerged in Europe. Although it is less detected in human bodies and has a higher metabolic rate than PFOA, the strong migration ability of HFPO-DA in plants may pose dietary safety concerns for humans. Research on ADONA is limited, and currently, it is detected in Germany frequently while remaining at trace levels globally. Evidently, F-53B has shown increasing risk both in occurrence and toxicity compared to PFOS, and HFPO-DA is relatively safe based on available data. There are still knowledge gaps on security of alternatives that need to be addressed.

Large potential of strengthening the land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions.

The terrestrial ecosystem in China mitigates 21%-45% of the national contemporary fossil fuel CO2 emissions every year. Maintaining and strengthening the land carbon sink is essential for reaching China's target of carbon neutrality. However, this sink is subject to large uncertainties due to the joint impacts of climate change, air pollution, and human activities. Here, we explore the potential of strengthening land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions, including forestation, ozone reduction, and litter removal, taking advantage of a well-validated dynamic vegetation model and meteorological forcings from 16 climate models. Without anthropogenic interventions, considering Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios, the land sink is projected to be 0.26-0.56 Pg C a-1 at 2060, to which climate change contributes 0.06-0.13 Pg C a-1 and CO2 fertilization contributes 0.08-0.44 Pg C a-1 with the stronger effects for higher emission scenarios. With anthropogenic interventions, under a close-to-neutral emission scenario (SSP1-2.6), the land sink becomes 0.47-0.57 Pg C a-1 at 2060, including the contributions of 0.12 Pg C a-1 by conservative forestation, 0.07 Pg C a-1 by ozone pollution control, and 0.06-0.16 Pg C a-1 by 20% litter removal over planted forest. This sink can mitigate 90%-110% of the residue anthropogenic carbon emissions in 2060, providing a solid foundation for the carbon neutrality in China.

Identification of patients with internet gaming disorder via a radiomics-based machine learning model of subcortical structures in high-resolution T1-weighted MRI.

It is of vital importance to establish an objective and reliable model to facilitate the early diagnosis and intervention of internet gaming disorder (IGD). A total of 133 patients with IGD and 110 healthy controls (HCs) were included. We extracted radiomic features of subcortical structures in high-resolution T1-weighted MRI. Different combinations of four feature selection methods (analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, recursive feature elimination and relief) and ten classification algorithms were used to identify the most robust combined models for distinguishing IGD patients from HCs. Furthermore, a nomogram incorporating radiomic signatures and independent clinical factors was developed. Calibration curve and decision curve analyses were used to evaluate the nomogram. The combination of analysis of variance selector and logistic regression classifier identified that the radiomic model constructed with 20 features from the right caudate nucleus and amygdala showed better IGD screening performance. The radiomic model produced good areas under the curves (AUCs) in the training, validation and test cohorts (AUCs of 0.961, 0.903 and 0.895, respectively). In addition, sex, internet addiction test scores and radiomic scores were included in the nomogram as independent risk factors for IGD. Analysis of the correction curve and decision curve showed that the clinical-radiomic model has good reliability (C-index: 0.987). The nomogram incorporating radiomic features of subcortical structures and clinical characteristics achieved satisfactory classification performance and could serve as an effective tool for distinguishing IGD patients from HCs.

The residues and environmental risks of multiple veterinary antibiotics in animal faeces.

To understand the residues and ecological risks of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in animal faeces from concentrated animal feeding operations in northeastern China, 14 VAs were identified by high performance liquid chromatography, and the preliminary risks of six antibiotics were assessed using the hazard quotient (HQ). The investigated VAs occurred in 7.41 to 57.41 % of the 54 samples, and the levels ranged from 0.08 to 56.81 mg kg(-1). Tetracyclines were predominant with a maximum level of 56.81 mg kg(-1) mostly detected in pig faeces. Sulfonamides were common and detected with the highest concentration of 7.11 mg kg(-1). Fluoroquinolones were more widely detected in chicken faeces rather than in pig or cow faeces, which contained the dominant antibiotic enrofloxacin. In comparison, the residue of tylosin was less frequently found. The risk evaluations of the six antibiotics revealed that tetracyclines, especially oxytetracycline, displayed the greatest ecological risk because of its high HQ value of 15.75. The results of this study imply that multiple kinds of VAs were jointly used in animal feeding processes in the study area. These medicine residues in animal faeces may potentially bring ecological risks if the animal manure is not treated effectively.