The First 2 Years of Activity of a Specialized Organ Procurement Center: Report of an Innovative Approach to Improve Organ Donation.

The number of patients requiring organ transplants continues to outgrow the number of organs donated each year. In an attempt to improve the organ donation process and increase the number of organs available, we created a specialized multidisciplinary team within a specialized organ procurement center (OPC) with dedicated intensive care unit (ICU) beds and operating rooms. The OPC was staffed with ICU nurses, operating room nurses, organ donor management ICU physicians, and multidisciplinary staff. All organ donors within a designated geographic area were transferred to and managed within the OPC. During the first 2 years of operation, 126 patients were referred to the OPC. The OPC was in use for a total of 3527 h and involved 253 health workers. We retrieved 173 kidneys, 95 lungs, 68 livers, 37 hearts, and 13 pancreases for a total of 386 organs offered for transplantation. This translates to a total of 124.6 persons transplanted per million population, which compares most favorably to recently published numbers in developed countries. The OPC clearly demonstrates potential to increase the number of deceased donor organs available for transplant. Further studies are warranted to better understand the exact influence of the different components of the OPC on organ procurement.

Corticosteroids in the management of brain-dead potential organ donors: a systematic review.

Summary Current guidelines recommend the administration of hormonal combination therapy including immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids to donors with low left ventricular ejection fractions and to consider hormonal therapy administration to all donors. However, these recommendations are largely based on observational data. The aim of this systematic review (SR) was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in brain-dead potential organ donors. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from the earliest accessible date up to March 2013 with a qualified librarian. Studies comparing the effects of any corticosteroid with those of placebo, standard treatment, or another active comparator were sought. Two independent reviewers evaluated each citation retrieved and selected studies independently and in duplicate. A third independent reviewer resolved any disagreement. Outcomes included donor haemodynamics and oxygenation, organ procurement, recipient survival, and graft survival. This review included 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 14 observational studies. The majority used methylprednisolone and often combined it with other hormonal therapies. Ten out of the 11 RCTs yielded neutral results. However, in observational studies, use of corticosteroids generally resulted in improved donor haemodynamics and oxygenation status, increased organ procurement, and improved recipient and graft survival. Overall quality of included studies was poor, as most of them presented high risks of confounding. This SR highlights the low quality and conflicting evidence supporting the routine use of corticosteroids in the management of organ donors. A large trial evaluating the effect of corticosteroids on outcomes such as organ recovery and graft survival is warranted.

Pancreatitis with electrocardiographic changes mimicking acute myocardial infarction.

A 64-year-old woman with mild acute pancreatitis presented with epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting while undergoing hemodialysis for chronic renal insufficiency. Serial electrocardiograms revealed new onset ST segment elevations in leads V2 to V4 mimicking an anterior myocardial infarction, followed by diffusely inverted deep T waves. No cardiac pathology was demonstrated by echocardiography or coronary angiography. A review of the literature and possible pathophysiological mechanisms of electrocardiographic changes in acute pancreatitis, such as metabolic abnormalities, hemodynamic instability, vasopressors, pericarditis, myocarditis, a cardiobiliary reflex, exacerbation of underlying cardiac pathology, coagulopathy and coronary vasospasm, are discussed.

Pulmonary recruitment protocol for organ donors: a new strategy to improve the rate of lung utilization.

Because lung transplantation is the only effective therapy for terminal respiratory failure, the demand for donor lungs has increased steadily. However, the number of donors has remained fairly constant over the years, which results in an increasing duration of waiting for lung transplantation. To overcome the lack of organs, various strategies have been developed by transplant centers including use of marginal donors. To increase the lung utilization rate in multiorgan donors, we implemented a simple lung recruitment protocol involving a brief period of controlled sustained inflation. In 2005, the lung utilization rate in the transplant program at our institution was only 20% in multiorgan donors. With the lung recruitment protocol, the rate of lung utilization for transplantation increased to 33%, in 2006, 24% in 2007, and 24% in 2008. Following the lung recruitment protocol, the arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio increased to greater than 15% in more than 40% of donors. We were able to improve gas exchange sufficiently that as many as two-thirds of the lungs were suitable for transplantation. During the protocol, no complications were reported, and no patient became hemodynamically unstable, precluding organ procurement. We believe that optimization of multiorgan donor management with simple interventions may improve oxygenation, reducing the number of inadequate donor lungs and increasing the overall donor pool and organ availability.