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1.
Am J Ind Med ; 64(2): 84-96, 2021 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33284493

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Meatpacking is dangerous, dirty, and demanding (3-D) work-much of which is done by immigrant workers. It is characterized by high rates of occupational injuries and illnesses due to the speed of the production line, repetitive motions, and other inherent exposures. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore perceptions of safety culture among Hispanic/Latino meatpacking workers in the Midwest. METHODS: Five focus groups with a total of 28 participants were conducted between March 2019 and February 2020 with Hispanic/Latino meatpacking workers in Nebraska. Workers were asked about the type of work performed, how the work was physically done, and perceptions of health risks and exposures. Thematic analysis was used to build a description of safety culture within the meatpacking industry. RESULTS: Three main themes were found: (1) workers depicted a culture where companies cared more about production than people; (2) workers felt powerless in improving their situation; and (3) workers noted that the work was precarious, both dangerous and one where much of the responsibility for safety was shifted to the individual workers. CONCLUSIONS: The meatpacking industry has a poor safety culture. Safety culture within the industry may be improved by ensuring that organizational values and artifacts are aligned with safety by addressing the critical role of supervisors, providing culturally and linguistically appropriate consistent safety training and messaging to the workforce, and enforcing and strengthening safety regulations.


Asunto(s)
Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Industria para Empaquetado de Carne , Administración de la Seguridad , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nebraska , Exposición Profesional , Investigación Cualitativa , Trabajo/psicología , Adulto Joven
2.
Rev Invest Clin ; 69(1): 40-46, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28239181

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Magnesium acts as a cofactor in many intracellular reactions including phosphorylation of the insulin receptor; therefore, its imbalance can potentially cause insulin resistance. Low serum magnesium concentration has been associated with the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between the daily dietary magnesium intake and insulin resistance estimated by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and homeostatic model assessment 2, as well as insulin sensitivity estimated by the Matsuda index. METHODS: In a university affiliated medical center, 32 participants (22 women, 10 men) that had an indication for testing for type 2 diabetes mellitus with an oral glucose tolerance test were enrolled in this cross-sectional, comparative study. Clinical and biochemical evaluations were carried out including an oral glucose tolerance test. Hepatic insulin resistance index, homeostatic model assessment 2, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and Matsuda insulin sensitivity were calculated for each participant. They were asked to recall their food ingestion (24 hours) of three days of the past week, including a weekend day; magnesium intake was calculated according to the food nutritional information. RESULTS: The low dietary magnesium intake group (< 4.5 mg/kg/day) had a higher two-hour insulin concentration after an oral glucose tolerance test compared to those with high dietary magnesium (119.5 [73.0-190.6] vs. 63.5 [25.4-114.2]; p = 0.008), and insulin sensitivity assessed by the Matsuda index was higher in the high dietary magnesium intake group (4.3 ± 3.1 vs. 2.4 ± 1.5; p = 0.042). In multiple linear regression analysis a higher dietary magnesium intake was independently associated (ß = 4.93; p = 0.05) with a better insulin sensitivity estimated by the Matsuda index. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that higher magnesium intake is independently associated with better insulin sensitivity in patients at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Resistencia a la Insulina , Insulina/metabolismo , Magnesio/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Dieta , Etnicidad , Femenino , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , México
3.
Foods ; 13(8)2024 Apr 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38672848

RESUMEN

An amplicon metagenomic approach based on the ITS2 region of fungal rDNA was used to investigate the diversity of fungi associated with mature strawberries collected from a volcanic orchard and open-air market stands. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, no statistically significant differences were observed in both non-phylogenetic and phylogenetic alpha diversity indices. According to beta diversity analyses, significant differences in fungal communities were found between groups (orchard vs. market). Taxonomic assignment of amplicon sequence variables (ASVs) revealed 7 phyla and 31 classes. The prevalent fungal phyla were Basidiomycota (29.59-84.58%), Ascomycota (15.33-70.40%), and Fungi-phy-Insertae-sedis (0.45-2.89%). The most predominant classes among the groups were Saccharomycetes in the market group, and Microbotryomycetes and Tremellomycetes in the orchard group. Based on the analysis of microbiome composition (ANCOM), we found that the most differentially fungal genera were Hanseniaspora, Kurtzmaniella, and Phyllozyma. Endophytic yeasts Curvibasidium cygneicollum were prevalent in both groups, while Candida railenensis was detected in fruits originating only from the market. In addition, Rhodotorula graminis (relative abundance varying from 1.7% to 21.18%) and Papiliotrema flavescens (relative abundance varying from 1.58% to 16.55%) were detected in all samples regardless of origin, while Debaryomyces prosopidis was detected in samples from the market only, their relative abundance varying with the sample (from 0.80% to 19.23%). Their role in fruit quality and safety has not been yet documented. Moreover, several clinically related yeasts, such as Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Candida parapsilosis, were detected in samples only from the market. Understanding the variety and makeup of the mycobiome in ripe fruits during the transition from the orchard to the market is crucial for fruit safety after harvest.

5.
Antibiotics (Basel) ; 12(2)2023 Jan 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36830147

RESUMEN

The pathogenic microorganisms linked to fresh fruits and juices sold out in retail low-cost markets raise safety concerns as they may carry multidrug-resistant (MDR) genes. To evaluate the microbiological quality and safety of highly consumed fruits and derivatives in Imbabura Province, Ecuador, ready-to-eat strawberries (5 independent batches; n = 300 samples), and gooseberries (5 separate batches; n = 500 samples), purchased from a local fruit farm grower and low-cost retail market, along with 20 different natural fruit- and vegetables-based juices (3 independent batches; n = 60 samples) purchased from food courts located within the low-cost markets were analyzed. Bacteriological analysis showed that the microbial quality was lower as several indicators (n = 984) consisting of total coliforms (TCOL), total aerobes (AEROB), Enterobacter spp. (ENT), Shigella spp., (SHIGA), yeasts (YE), and molds (M) were detected. Staphylococcus spp. (STAPHY) was found in both fruits regardless of origin, while Escherichia coli (EC) isolates were found in strawberries but not gooseberries. Salmonella spp. (SALM) were detected in juices only. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed multidrug resistance of several isolates. The hemolytic pattern revealed that 88.89% of EC and 61.11% of ENT isolates were beta-hemolytic. All STAPHY isolates were beta-hemolytic while SALM and SHIGA were alpha-hemolytic. Plasmid curing assay of MDR isolates (ENT, EC, SALM, and STAPHY) showed that the antibiotic resistance (AR) was highly indicative of being plasmid-borne. These results raise concerns about the consumption of MDR bacteria. However, good agricultural and industrial practices, behavioral change communication, and awareness-raising programs are necessary for all stakeholders along the food production and consumption supply chain.

6.
Heliyon ; 9(10): e20496, 2023 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37928385

RESUMEN

Tourism offers a means of promoting a local development strategy capable of harnessing the resources available within a territory. In order to do this, we must know the potential for tourism development in each territory, as well as the factors that would condition it. In this article, a methodology (based on the design of a system of indicators, the construction of composite indexes, and segmentation by means of cluster analysis) is proposed to measure tourism development within an emerging country and segment its different territories. The case study chosen to validate this methodology is Ecuador, a country with interesting tourist potential, where individual cities have very different levels of tourism development. The results highlight the factors that drive or constrain the degree of tourism development presented by the cities analysed, thereby facilitating decision-making for major stakeholders in each of them.

7.
Biomedica ; 43(Sp. 1): 245-254, 2023 08 31.
Artículo en Inglés, Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37721904

RESUMEN

Introduction. Dermatophytoses are superficial fungal infections of the keratinized epithelium like tinea capitis. The latte mainly affects school-vulnerable populations. Carpinelo is a peripheral neighborhood in Medellín with poor socioeconomic conditions and where a suspected tinea capitis outbreak took place. Objective. To study and characterize, clinically and microbiologically, patients with suspected dermatophytosis in Carpinelo. Material and methods. We carried out a descriptive and longitudinal study with an active case search of tinea capitis in children and their relatives from the Jardín Educativo Buen Comienzo community in Carpinelo. Patients were clinically evaluated, and samples of scales and hair were taken to perform mycological studies with a 10 % potassium hydroxide and culture in Sabouraud and Mycosel agar. We analyzed the data with the statistical program SPSS™. 25 version. Results. Fifty-seven individuals were studied: 47 were children with a mean age of six years and a ratio of 2:1 male to female. Patients with confirmed diagnosis presented the following clinical forms: tinea capitis (78.95%), tinea faciei (15.79%) or tinea corporis (10.52%). Out of the total, 69.76% of the patients had previous treatment with steroids. The direct test was positive in 53.84% of the samples, and 46.15% had positive cultures. The isolated species were: Microsporum canis (77.77%), Trichophyton spp. (11.11%), Trichophyton rubrum (5.55%), and Malassezia spp. (5.55 %). Conclusion. Tinea capitis was the most common clinical form, and M. canis was the most frequently isolated species. The use of steroids as the first and only option for empiric treatment was worth of notice. The findings of this study point out the importance of microbiological diagnosis in choosing the best treatment for the patients.


Introducción. Las dermatofitosis son infecciones fúngicas superficiales de epitelios queratinizados. La tinea capitis es una de ellas y afecta a poblaciones escolares vulnerables. Carpinelo es un barrio del área periférica de Medellín con precarias condiciones socioeconómicas. Ante la sospecha de un brote de dermatofitosis, los afectados fueron evaluados. Objetivo. Evaluar clínica y microbiológicamente pacientes del barrio Carpinelo con sospecha de micosis cutáneas para determinar la presencia de un brote por dermatofitos. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, de corte longitudinal, con muestreo a conveniencia. Se hizo una búsqueda activa de casos en el Jardín Educativo Buen Comienzo de Carpinelo en niños de la institución y sus familiares. Se evaluaron clínicamente y se tomaron muestras de escamas y cabellos para exámenes directos y cultivos microbiológicos. Se analizó el perfil demográfico, clínico y micológico, con el programa estadístico SPSS™, versión 25. Resultados. Se estudiaron 57 pacientes, 47 eran menores de edad con una media de edad de seis años; se observó una proporción de hombres y mujeres de 2:1. Los pacientes con resultados positivos se diagnosticaron con tinea capitis (78,95 %), tinea faciei (15,79 %) y tinea corporis (10,52 %). El 75,43 % de los pacientes recibió tratamiento previo y de estos el 69,73 % fue con esteroides. El examen directo fue positivo en el 53,84 % y los cultivos en el 46,5 % de los casos. Los agentes aislados fueron: Microsporum canis (77,77 %), Trichophyton spp. (11,11 %), Trichophyton rubrum (5,55 %) y Malassezia spp. (5,55 %). Conclusión. Tinea capitis fue la presentación clínica más común y M. canis el dermatofito más frecuentemente aislado. Llamó la atención el uso de esteroides como primera y única opción del tratamiento empírico' lo cual resalta la importancia del diagnóstico microbiológico para proporcionar la terapia apropiada.

8.
Workplace Health Saf ; 69(12): 564-572, 2021 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34167388

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Meatpacking is dirty, dangerous, and demanding work. In the United States, the industry predominately employs people from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds and immigrants, with 45% of the workforce identifying as Hispanic/Latino. Little is known about how the work environment affects worker engagement in health-promoting activities; however, occupational health professionals are uniquely positioned to advance worker health, safety, and general well-being. METHODS: Hispanic/Latino meatpacking workers with work-related musculoskeletal pain and active health concerns were recruited to participate in a study to explore health, health behaviors, and the work environment. Five focus groups (N = 28) were conducted in Nebraska between March 2019 and February 2020. Thematic analysis using the Health Belief Model constructs was used to explain workers' health behaviors including utilization of occupational health services at their workplace. FINDINGS: Workers believed that there was little they could do to prevent and treat health problems. They understood the perceived threat of health problems and the benefits of self-care, but the perceived barriers often outweighed the benefits. The workplace had few prompts to motivate or incentivize self-care both in and outside of work. In addition, workers did not trust the occupational health office and saw few benefits to accessing services. Together, these conditions resulted in low self-efficacy and limited engagement in health-promoting behaviors. CONCLUSION/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Occupational health professionals should promote Total Worker Health and foster trust by providing culturally, linguistically, and literacy appropriate services and by identifying opportunities and reducing barriers for workers to engage in activities to promote their health, safety, and well-being.


Asunto(s)
Minorías Étnicas y Raciales , Etnicidad , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Grupos Minoritarios , Nebraska , Estados Unidos
9.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 4900, 2021 03 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33649370

RESUMEN

Coffee berry borer-CBB (Hypothenemus hampei) is a globally important economic pest of coffee (Coffea spp.). Despite current insect control methods for managing CBB, development of future control strategies requires a better understanding of its biology and interaction with its host plant. Towards this objective, we performed de novo CBB genome and transcriptome sequencing, improved CBB genome assembly and predicted 18,765 protein-encoding genes. Using genome and transcriptome data, we annotated the genes associated with chemosensation and found a reduced gene repertoire composed by 67 odorant receptors (ORs), 62 gustatory receptors (GRs), 33 ionotropic receptors (IRs) and 29 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). In silico transcript abundance analysis of these chemosensory genes revealed expression enrichment in CBB adults compared with larva. Detection of differentially expressed chemosensory genes between males and females is likely associated with differences in host-finding behavior between sexes. Additionally, we discovered male-specific genome content and identified candidate male-specific expressed genes on these scaffolds, suggesting that a Y-like chromosome may be involved in the CBB's functional haplodiploid mechanism of sex determination.


Asunto(s)
Quimiotaxis/genética , Proteínas de Insectos , Gorgojos/genética , Animales , Femenino , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Masculino , Control de Plagas/métodos , Transcriptoma
10.
Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 17(2): 67-73, 2021 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés, Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31104879

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: DFS70 ANAs have attracted interest due to their frequency in individuals with no clinical evidence of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease, groups with genetic risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were not assessed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of ANA and DFS70 ANA in blood relatives (BR) of people with RA compared to patients with early RA (ERA), and control individuals, and its association with health status. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study with an analytical component. Sixty ERA patients, 60 BR and 120 control individuals paired by age and sex were studied. Hep2-ANA and DFS70 ANA were studied. The absolute and relative frequencies and associations were established using logistic regression models, with a significance level of 95%. RESULTS: 43% ANA in ERA, 30% in BR, and 25.8% in control individuals 1:80. The fine dense granular pattern based on conventional Hep2 was found in 12.9% of the positive samples, and 1.66% of the total samples. There was no detection of DFS70 ANAs in patients with ERA. In ERA there was an association between the presence of ANA and inflamed joints (p=.02), CRP (p=.01), DAS28CRP (p=.03) and HAQ (p=.04). There was an association between ANA and elevated CRP (p=.05) in the BR. In the control individuals, there was an association between ANA and painful joints (p=02). In DFS70 ANA individuals we observed an association between a normal ESR p=.032, BR (-), p=.044 and absence of painful joints, p=.039. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of DFS70 ANA in the groups studied was low, none of the patients with ERA was positive. The presence of DFS70 ANA was only confirmed in systemically healthy individuals.

11.
Thorac Cancer ; 12(7): 1014-1022, 2021 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33660947

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an infrequent neoplasia with a poor prognosis and the majority of patients already have advanced disease at the time of presentation. Exposure to asbestos is the most important risk factor for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is a neoplasia with a long preclinical stage that can span from 15 to 40 years. METHODS: This was a descriptive, observational, retrospective study of 136 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of mesothelioma, which compared histological subtypes, immunohistochemical biomarkers, concomitant chronic degenerative diseases, tobacco use, age at the time of diagnosis, clinical stage and chemotherapy agents used or other treatments such as radiotherapy and surgery to identify all the factors that impact in the prognosis of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 136 patients were included in the study. In the total study population, 84 patients were male (61.8%) and 52 were female (38.2%). Median PFS was nine months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.4-9.5 months) and median OS was 12 months (95% CI: 11.3-12.6). The results indicated that the most determining prognostic factors for OS and PFS were cell differentiation measured by immunohistochemical biomarkers, the treatment chosen, and that RECIST was the most significant in the evaluation of patient response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a cancer with a poor prognosis usually diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease. Our study revealed that the prognostic factors for OS and PS were cell differentiation, the treatment chosen and RECIST.


Asunto(s)
Mesotelioma Maligno/mortalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto Joven
12.
Hum Biol ; 82(4): 409-32, 2010 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21082910

RESUMEN

We used 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, VWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, and FGA) to genetically characterize 361 individuals from 11 indigenous populations (Amuzgo, Chinanteco, Chontal, Huave, Mazateco, Mixe, Mixteco, Triqui, Zapoteco del Istmo, Zapoteco del Valle, and Zoque) from Oaxaca, Mexico. We also used previously published data from other Mexican peoples (Maya, Chol, Tepehua, Otomí, and Mestizos from northern and central Mexico) to delineate genetic relations, for a total of 541 individuals. Average heterozygosity (H) was lower in most populations from Oaxaca (range 0.687 in Zoque to 0.756 in Chontal) than values observed in Mestizo populations from Mexico (0.758 and 0.793 in central and northern Mestizo, respectively) but higher than values observed in other Amerindian populations from South America; the same relation was true for the number of alleles (n(a) ). We tested (using the software Structure) whether major geographic or linguistic barriers to gene flow existed among the populations of Oaxaca and found that the populations appeared to constitute one or two genetic groups, suggesting that neither geographic location nor linguistics had an effect on the genetic structure of these culturally and linguistically highly diverse indigenous peoples. Moreover, we found a low but statistically significant between-population differentiation. In addition, the genetic structure of Oaxacan populations did not fit an isolation-by-distance model. Finally, using AMOVA and a Bayesian clustering approach, we did not detect significant geographic or linguistic barriers to gene flow within Oaxaca. These results suggest that the indigenous communities of Oaxaca, although culturally isolated, can be genetically defined as a large, nearly panmictic population in which migration could be a more important population mechanism than genetic drift. Finally, compared with outgroups in Mexico (both indigenous peoples and Mestizos), three groups were apparent. Among them, only the Otomí population from Hidalgo has a different culture and language.


Asunto(s)
Genética de Población , Cultura , Emigración e Inmigración , Femenino , Variación Genética , Humanos , Lenguaje , Masculino , México
13.
Span J Psychol ; 23: e43, 2020 Oct 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33107425

RESUMEN

In this article, we present a meta-analysis and a scientific mapping about the relationship between different types of well-being and job performance. We followed The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Moher et al., 2009), and conduct the search in Web of Science, SCOPUS, Ebscohost, Proquest, and Jstor databases. We identified 43 studies from 1994 to early 2020 that represent 45 independent samples, 34,221 participants, and 77 correlations between four types of well-being and six of job performance. Meta-analysis results show that are different forms of relations between types and there is not only one form to explain the happy-productive worker hypothesis. The scientific mapping shows that there are seven clusters of topics about well-being and job performance in the Web of Science base articles: (I) Burnout and axiety, (II) Stress and depression, (III) Individual resources, (IV) Work context, (V) Work engagement and commitment, (VI) Justice, and (VII) Human resources practices. We organize the topics from each cluster in the different groups of variables of the contextual model of individual work, well-being and performance (van Veldhoven & Peccei, 2015) to explain their impact in well-being and job performance. We included the observations of our analysis and identified the future key directions for the field.


Asunto(s)
Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , Empleo/psicología , Cultura Organizacional , Satisfacción Personal , Lealtad del Personal , Rendimiento Laboral , Humanos
14.
J Thorac Dis ; 11(4): 1456-1464, 2019 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31179088

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Overexpression of estrogen receptors in malignant pleural mesothelioma has shown an independent relation with a better prognosis of survival, and the use of selective estrogen receptor beta (ERß) agonists increases the susceptibility to antitumor treatment. METHODS: This was a retrospective single center study that analyzed the response of malignant pleural mesothelioma with an expression of ERß to first-line chemotherapy. The study included patients with pleural mesothelioma pathologically confirmed between 2013 and 2016 at the National Institute for Respiratory Disease (INER), who underwent an immunohistochemistry assay for ERß (mouse monoclonal antibody PPG5/10). The primary endpoint was the response to chemotherapy based on RECIST 1.1 according to the ERß expression; secondary outcomes were the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: We included 22 patients, regarding the expression of ERß, 17 (77.2%) patients had high or moderate degree, while 5 (22.7%) had low degree or null expression. The response to treatment as by RECIST 1.1, 12 (54.5%) had partial response, 5 (22.7%) had stable disease, and 3 (13.6%) had progression. None of the patients had a complete response. Of those who had a partial response, 9 (75%) had a high or moderate degree of ERß expression in tumor cells, and 3 (25%) had a low or null degree of expression. CONCLUSIONS: High and moderate expression of ERß group with advanced clinical stage malignant pleural mesothelioma was associated with a tendency of higher OS and better response to chemotherapy treatment resulting in longer PFS although statistical significance was not achieved.

15.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 29(2): 185-198, ene.-abr. 2022. tab, graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376877

RESUMEN

Resumen Objetivo: Realizar un metaanálisis de la frecuencia de hiperreactividad plaquetaria (HPR) para aspirina y clopidogrel con diferentes agregómetros, en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) e hipertensión (HTA) sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP). Método: Revisión sistemática con metaanálisis a partir de 40 búsquedas en tres bases de datos multidisciplinarias (PubMed, ScienceDirect y SciELO), siguiendo las fases de la guía PRISMA entre los años 2005 y 2021. Se garantizaron la reproducibilidad y la calidad metodológica por parte de dos investigadores que usaron la guía STROBE. Los análisis se basaron en frecuencias y metaanálisis de razón de disparidad, para lo cual se empleó el software Epidat con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Se incluyeron 22 estudios. La frecuencia de hiperreactividad plaquetaria para la aspirina fue desde el 18.8% hasta el 81.8% y para el clopidogrel desde el 18.2% hasta el 71.3%, lo que denota una importante heterogeneidad. Se observó que la frecuencia de hiperreactividad plaquetaria en pacientes diabéticos varió del 21% al 78.7%, mientras que en los pacientes hipertensos fue del 17.6% al 76.8%, y finalmente, la hiperreactividad plaquetaria fue 1,38 veces mayor en los pacientes diabéticos que en aquellos que no lo eran y 1,23 veces mayor en los pacientes hipertensos que en aquellos que no lo eran. Conclusiones: La diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial, como enfermedades de base en pacientes sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea, están asociadas a hiperreactividad plaquetaria, y esta, a su vez, como demostraron estudios previos, al desarrollo de eventos vasculares a largo plazo. De ahí que una valoración posterior al procedimiento con pruebas de agregometría plaquetaria resultaría potencialmente útil en el marco de la terapia personalizada.


Abstract Objective: To perform a metaanalyze of the frequency of platelet hyperreactivity for aspirin and clopidogrel with different aggregometers, in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Method: Systematic review with metaanalysis using 40 searches in three multidisciplinary databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciELO), following the phases of the PRISMA guide between the years 2005 and 2021. Reproducibility and methodological quality were guaranteed by two researchers using the STROBE guide. The analyzes were based on frequencies and odds ratio metaanalysis, using Epidat software with a 95% confidence interval. Results: 22 studies were included, the frequency of platelet hyperreactivity was from 18.8% to 81.8% in the case of aspirin, and in the case of clopidogrel from 18.2% to 71.3%, which denotes an important heterogeneity. It was observed that the frequency of platelet hyperreactivity in diabetic patients ranged from 21% to 78.7% and in hypertensive patients from 17.6% to 76.8%, and finally it was observed that the platelet hyperreactivity was 1.38 times higher in diabetic patients than in those who were not and 1.23 times higher in hypertensive patients than in those who were not. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension as underlying pathologies in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention are associated with the presence of platelet hyperreactivity, and this in turn -as shown by previous studies-, with the development of long-term vascular events, therefore a subsequent assessment. The procedure with platelet aggregometry tests would be potentially useful in the context of personalized therapy.

16.
Entramado ; 18(2): e219, jul.-dic. 2022. graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404720

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las consecuencias neurobiológicas en ninos, ninas y adolescentes con antecedente de abuso sexual infantil (ASI). Metodologia: Se realizó una revisión de literatura entre los años 2015 al 2020 en tres bases de datos (Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo), utilizando las palabras clave: abuso sexual infantil, neurobiologia. Se recopiló información acerca de los tipos de alteraciones neurobiológicas (estructurales, funcionales, endocrinos, psicológicos, inmunológicos y genéticos) en ninos, ninas y adolescentes con antecedente de ASI. Se excluyeron articulos cuyo titulo o resumen no incluyeran los temas de esta revisión. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 99 estudios asociados a las consecuencias neurobiológicas del ASI, con las consecuentes alteraciones estructurales, funcionales, endocrinas, inmunológicos y genéticos que afectan a un importante número de victimas. Conclusiones: Diversos autores han encontrado una relación entre la exposición al ASI y los cambios neurobiológicos, visibilizando asi, el impacto que esto ocasiona en la salud de las victimas, por tal, se hace importante promover intervenciones tempranas y tratamiento adecuado por las múltiples consecuencias que genera, algunas irreversibles.


ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the neurobiological consequences in children and adolescents with a history of child sexual abuse (CSA). Methodology: A literature review was carried out between the years 2015 and 2020 in three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo), using the keywords: child sexual abuse, neurobiology Information was collected about the types of neurobiological alterations (structural, functional, endocrine, psychological, immunological and genetic) in children and adolescents with a history of CSA. Articles whose title or abstract did not include the topics of this review were excluded. Results: 99 studies associated with the neurobiological consequences of CSA were selected, with the consequent structural, functional, endocrine, immunological and genetic alterations that affect a significant number of victims. Conclusions: Various authors have found a relationship between exposure to CSA and neurobiological changes, thus making visible the impact that this causes on the health of the victims, therefore, it is important to promote early interventions and adequate treatment due to the multiple consequences that generates, some irreversible.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as conseqüências neurobiológicas em crianças e adolescentes com histórico de abuso sexual infantil (CSA). Metodologia: Entre 2015 e 2020 foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica em três bancos de dados (Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo), utilizando as palavras-chave: abuso sexual infantil, neurobiologia. Foram coletadas informações sobre os tipos de alterações neurobiológicas (estruturais, funcionais, endócrinas, psicológicas, imunológicas e genéticas) em crianças e adolescentes com histórico de CSA. Foram excluidos os artigos cujo titulo ou resumo não incluia os tópicos desta revisão. Resultados: Foram selecionados 99 estudos associados às conseqüências neurobiológicas da CSA, com conseqüentes alterações estruturais, funcionais, endócrinas, imunológicas e genéticas que afetam um número significativo de vitimas. Conclusões: Vários autores encontraram uma relação entre a exposição à CSA e as mudanças neurobiológicas, tornando assim visivel o impacto que isso tem na saúde das vitimas, por isso é importante promover intervenções precoces e tratamento adequado para as múltiplas conseqüências que ela gera, algumas das quais são irreversiveis.

17.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr ; 64(4): 211-220, 2017 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés, Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28417876

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition favored by metabolic and endocrine changes experienced by adipose tissue in the context of obesity. The prevalence and the presentation of both IR and obesity vary among the populations, and may be affected by ancestral genetic composition among other factors. The aim of this study was to compare the presence of IR and obesity in Amerindians of the Embera-Chamí ethnicity and Colombian mestizo population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A sample of 630 individuals, 471 mestizos and 159 Amerindians of the Embera-Chamí ethnicity, from the general population of Colombia were studied. For each participant, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, as well as blood pressure and the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) of IR and ß-cell function (%B) were recorded. These values were compared between the two populations. RESULTS: While prevalence of central obesity was similar in both populations (48.7% and 42.6% in the mestizo and Embera groups respectively; p=0.148), body mass index (BMI) values suggested a higher prevalence of overweight in the Embera than in mestizo population (43.4% Embera, 31.8% mestizo; p=0.027). Despite the similarities in the prevalence of HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B status between both populations, the Embera population had a significantly greater pancreatic ß-cell function, higher insulin levels, and better glucose control, across BMI and central obesity categories, than the mestizo population. CONCLUSION: There are differences in aspects related to energy metabolism between the samples of the mestizo and Amerindian populations analyzed.


Asunto(s)
Adiposidad/etnología , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Indígenas Sudamericanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Resistencia a la Insulina/etnología , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropometría , Glucemia/análisis , Presión Sanguínea , Niño , Colombia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Metabolismo Energético , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Células Secretoras de Insulina/fisiología , Matrimonio , Síndrome Metabólico/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Abdominal/etnología , Población Blanca , Adulto Joven
18.
Poiésis (En línea) ; 39(Jul.-Dic.): 53-74, 2020.
Artículo en Español | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1139962

RESUMEN

El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, al considerarse una problemática contemporánea que genera alto impacto en la salud pública asociado al costo de la atención, suscita interés sobre Pedroza Molina, D. Y., Taborda Mazo, D. P. y Varela Chacón, J. (2020). La presente revisión bibliográfica, realizada desde el enfoque cualitativo-hermenéutico, plantea el análisis de las conceptualizaciones sobre el consumo de SPA desarrolladas en el ámbito de la terapia familiar, la identificación de la incidencia de las relaciones familiares en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y, por último, la descripción de propuestas de intervención desde la terapia familiar para familias en las que hay miembros consumidores de SPA. Dentro de los hallazgos se encuentra evidencia de las conceptualizaciones, implicaciones de la familia y propuestas de intervención en la revisión realizada, a partir de lo cual es posible señalar que, si bien no hay un consenso frente a la denominación del consumo desde esta disciplina ­ya que se usan indistintamente lo términos consumidor, drogodependiente, toxicómano, adicto, drogadicto­, se halla que independientemente de la escuela o modelo teórico existe acuerdo al conceptualizar el consumo como síntoma que emerge para garantizar la homeostasis familiar en un sistema sufriente. De igual forma, la familia tiene una alta incidencia dentro de la etiología de la situación de consumo y el proceso que genera la mantención del mismo, por lo que es claro que su implicación debe ser alta en el tratamiento y la recuperación. Se concluye que desde la terapia familiar existen diversas propuestas de intervención para abordar el tema de la adicción a SPA, que han mostrado ser efectivas y que la familia al estar involucrada en la génesis, mantenimiento y recuperación de la adicción, debe ser un foco central de la intervención.


Consumption of psychoactive substances, being considered a contemporary problem, which generates a high impact on public health associated with the cost of care, arouses interest in Pedroza Molina, Taborda Mazo & Varela Chacón (2020). This bibliographic review, carried out from a qualitative-hermeneutical approach, proposes the analysis of the conceptualizations about the consumption of PAS (Psychoactive Substances) developed in the field of family therapy, the identification of the incidence of family relationships in the consumption of psychoactive substances and, finally, the description of intervention proposals from family therapy for families in which there are members who consume PAS. Among the findings, there is evidence of the conceptualizations, implications of the family and intervention proposals in the review carried out, from which, it is possible to point out that although there is no consensus regarding the denomination of consumption from this discipline, given that the terms consumer, drug addict, addict, drug addict are used interchangeably, it was found that regardless of the school or theoretical model, there is a consensus when conceptualizing consumption as a symptom that emerges to guarantee family homeostasis in a suffering system. Similarly, the family has a high incidence within the etiology of the consumption situation and the process that generates its development, so it is clear that their involvement must be significant during treatment and recovery. It is concluded that from a family therapy perspective there are various intervention proposals to address the issue of PAS addiction, which have been shown to be effective and that the family, being involved in the genesis, development and recovery of addiction, should be a central focus of the intervention.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Relaciones Familiares/psicología , Terapia Familiar , Consumidores de Drogas/psicología
19.
Phytochemistry ; 98: 69-77, 2014 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24314849

RESUMEN

The coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei is a pest that causes great economic damage to coffee grains worldwide. Because the proteins consumed are digested by aspartic proteases in the insect's midgut, the inhibition of these proteases by transferring a gene encoding an aspartic protease inhibitor from Lupinus bogotensis Benth. to coffee plants could provide a promising strategy to control this pest. Five aspartic protease inhibitors from L. bogotensis (LbAPI) were accordingly purified and characterized. The gene encoding the L. bogotensis aspartic protease inhibitor (LbAPI), with the highest inhibitory activity against H. hampei, was expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified recombinant protein (rLbAPI), with a molecular mass of 15 kDa, was subsequently assessed for its ability to inhibit the aspartic protease activity present in the H. hampei midgut in vitro, as well as its effects on the growth and development of H. hampei in vivo. The in vitro experiments showed that rLbAPI was highly effective against aspartic proteases from H. hampei guts, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.9 µg. The in vivo experiments showed that the concentration of rLbAPI (w/w) in the artificial diet necessary to cause 50% mortality (LD50) of the larvae was 0.91%. The amino acid sequence of LbAPI had high homology (52-80%) to the seed storage proteins, vicilin and ß-conglutin, suggesting that this protein was generated by evolutionary events from a ß-conglutin precursor. Based on these results, LbAPI may have a dual function as storage protein, and as defense protein against H. hampei. These results provide a promising alternative to obtain a coffee plant resistant to H. hampei.


Asunto(s)
Proteasas de Ácido Aspártico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Lupinus/química , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacología , Semillas/química , Gorgojos/efectos de los fármacos , Gorgojos/enzimología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteasas de Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Alineación de Secuencia , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Gorgojos/crecimiento & desarrollo
20.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 37(2): 75-88, may-ago. 2019. tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013246

RESUMEN

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de los desórdenes venosos crónicos (dvc) en los embera-chamí de Cristianía (Karmata Rua), en el suroeste de Antioquia, y conocer sus posibles factores asociados (fa). Metodología: Estudio de corte de una muestra aleatoria de 488 sujetos. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante ecoduplex venoso. Se recolectó información sobre fa sociodemográficos, comportamentales y antropométricos. Los fa más relevantes se seleccionaron por regresión logística binaria múltiple. Resultados: La prevalencia de várices fue del 27,5 % y la de insuficiencia venosa crónica (ivc) del 0,8 %. Hubo compromiso de segmentos anatómicos superficiales en el 34,8 % de los individuos. La edad fue el fa más importante, con Odds Ratio (or) entre 3,33 y 6,30 según el tipo de dvc (excepto C1). El sexo femenino, la paridad, la grasa en el muslo y pierna y la talla alta se asociaron a telangiectasias. La edad, la grasa abdominal y la forma de la pierna fueron fa de várices. A las venas superficiales, en ambos sexos, se asociaron la edad y la grasa abdominal y, en mujeres, también los antecedentes familiares de várices. A las profundas y perforantes se asociaron la edad y la depleción de grasa periférica. Conclusiones: El patrón de baja prevalencia de los dvc en embera-chamí puede ser consecuencia de los estilos de vida relacionados con la actividad física diaria y las diferencias genéticas compartidas con amerindios. En los programas de atención en salud diferencial deberían considerarse los desórdenes profundos y perforantes respecto a mestizos.


Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence of chronic venous disorders (CVD) in the embera-chamí from Cristianía (Karmata Rua), in the southwest of Antioquia, and to study possible associated factors (AF). Methodology: A cross sectional study of a random sample of 488 subjects. The diagnosis was performed through Doppler ultrasonography. Information about sociodemographic, behavioral and anthropometric AFs was collected. The most relevant AFs were selected through multiple binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of varicose veins was 27.5% and that of chronic venous insufficiency (cvi) was 0.8%. Superficial anatomical segments were compromised in 34.8% of individuals. Age was the most important AF, with an Odds Ratio (OR) between 3.33 and 6.30 according to the type of cvd. Being a female, parity, fat in the thigh/leg and large size were associated with telangiectasias. Age, abdominal fat and leg shape were AF of varicose veins. Superficial veins in both sexes were associated with age and abdominal fat and in women, also with a family background of varicose veins. Deep and perforator veins were associated with age and peripheral fat depletion. Conclusions: The low prevalence pattern of CVDs in embera-chamí may be a consequence of lifestyles involving daily physical activity and genetic differences shared with Amerindians. Deep and perforating disorders should be considered in differential health care programs in relation to mestizos.


Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de doenças venosas crônicas (dvc) na Embera-Chami Christiania (KarmataRua), no sudoeste do estado de Antioquia, e conhecer seus fatores associados (AF). Metodologia: Um estudo de coorte de uma amostra aleatória de 488 indivíduos. O diagnóstico foi feito por ecoduplex venoso. Informações sobre FA sócio demográficas, comportamentais e antropométricas foram coletadas. Os FAs mais relevantes foram selecionados para múltipla regressão logística binária. Resultados: A prevalência de varizes foi de 27,5% e a de insuficiência venosa crônica (ivc) foi de 0,8%. Houve comprometimento dos segmentos anatômicos superficiais em 34,8% dos indivíduos. A idade foi a FA mais importante, com Odds Ratio (OR) entre 3,33 e 6,30 de acordo com o tipo de dvc. Sexo feminino, paridade, gordura na coxa e perna e altura foram associados a telangiectasias. Idade, gordura abdominal e formato de perna foram FA de varizes. Nas veias superficiais, em ambos os sexos, idade e gordura abdominal estavam associadas e, nas mulheres, também a história familiar de varizes. Às profundas e perfurantes foram associadas a idade e depleção de gordura periférica. Conclusões: O padrão de baixa prevalência de DVC em embera-chamí pode ser uma consequência de estilos de vida relacionados à atividade física diária e diferenças genéticas compartilhadas com ameríndios. Em programas diferenciais de atenção à saúde, distúrbios profundos e perfurantes devem ser considerados em relação aos mestiços.

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