Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging identifies focal regions of intramyocardial fibrosis in patients with severe aortic valve disease: Correlation with quantitative histopathology.

BACKGROUND: Chronic aortic valve disease (AVD) is characterized by progressive accumulation of interstitial myocardial fibrosis (MF). However, assessment of MF accumulation has only been possible through histologic analyses of endomyocardial biopsies. We sought to evaluate contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (ce-MRI) as a noninvasive method to identify the presence of increased MF in patients with severe AVD. METHODS: Seventy patients scheduled to undergo aortic valve replacement surgery were examined by cine and ce-MRI in a 1.5-T scanner. Cine images were used for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass, and function. Delayed-enhancement images were used to characterize the regions of MF. In addition, histologic analyses of myocardial samples obtained during aortic valve replacement surgery were used for direct quantification of interstitial MF. Ten additional subjects who died of noncardiac causes served as controls for the quantitative histologic analyses. RESULTS: Interstitial MF determined by histopathologic analysis was higher in patients with AVD than in controls (2.7% +/- 2.0% vs 0.6% +/- 0.2%, P = .001). When compared with histopathologic results, ce-MRI demonstrated a sensitivity of 74%, a specificity of 81%, and an accuracy of 76% to identify AVD patients with increased interstitial MF. There was a significant inverse correlation between interstitial MF and LV ejection fraction (r = -0.67, P < .0001). Accordingly, patients with identifiable focal regions of MF by ce-MRI exhibited worse LV systolic function than those without MF (45% +/- 14% vs 65% +/- 14%, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced MRI allows for the noninvasive detection of focal regions of MF in patients with severe AVD. Moreover, patients with identifiable MF by ce-MRI exhibited worse LV functional parameters.

[Symptomatic severe chronic aortic valve disease: a comparative study of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography]. / Valvopatia aórtica crônica grave sintomática: estudo comparado da ressonância magnética cardíaca e ecocardiografia.

OBJECTIVE: To show the real value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in the evaluation of patients with symptomatic chronic aortic valve disease. METHODS: Seventy patients--35 with aortic stenosis (AoS) and 35 with aortic regurgitation (AoR) with surgical indication, who underwent preoperative echocardiogram (ECHO) and CMRI to assess ventricular function, volumes, and left ventricular mass index using cine magnetic resonance imaging, were studied. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed between the AoS and AoR groups when ECHO and CMRI variables were compared. When compared with the type of symptom, ECHO and CMRI variables showed the same pattern. CONCLUSION: CMRI data were in agreement with ECHO data regarding the assessment of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction, and with the clinical presentation of patients with chronic aortic valve disease.

Low back pain during streptokinase infusion.

We report the case of a 57-year-old male patient with severe low back pain during streptokinase infusion administered to treat typical chest pain and elevation of the ST segment in the inferior wall. We reviewed the literature, emphasizing the differential diagnosis, the pathophysiology, and management of the event.

Prognostic significance of myocardial fibrosis quantification by histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with severe aortic valve disease.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether the quantitative assessment of myocardial fibrosis (MF), either by histopathology or by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (ce-MRI), could help predict long-term survival after aortic valve replacement. BACKGROUND: Severe aortic valve disease is characterized by progressive accumulation of interstitial MF. METHODS: Fifty-four patients scheduled to undergo aortic valve replacement were examined by ce-MRI. Delayed-enhanced images were used for the quantitative assessment of MF. In addition, interstitial MF was quantified by histological analysis of myocardial samples obtained during open-heart surgery and stained with picrosirius red. The ce-MRI study was repeated 27+/-22 months after surgery to assess left ventricular functional improvement, and all patients were followed for 52+/-17 months to evaluate long-term survival. RESULTS: There was a good correlation between the amount of MF measured by histopathology and by ce-MRI (r=0.69, p<0.001). In addition, the amount of MF demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with the degree of left ventricular functional improvement after surgery (r=-0.42, p=0.04 for histopathology; r=-0.47, p=0.02 for ce-MRI). Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that higher degrees of MF accumulation were associated with worse long-term survival (chi-square=6.32, p=0.01 for histopathology; chi-square=5.85, p=0.02 for ce-MRI). On multivariate Cox regression analyses, patient age and the amount of MF were found to be independent predictors of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of MF, either by histopathology or by ce-MRI, is associated with the degree of left ventricular functional improvement and all-cause mortality late after aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic valve disease.

Valvopatia aórtica crônica grave sintomática: estudo comparado da ressonância magnética cardíaca e ecocardiografia / Symptomatic severe chronic aortic valve disease: a comparative study of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography

OBJETIVO: Mostrar o real valor da ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) na avaliação dos portadores de valvopatia aórtica crônica sintomática. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 70 pacientes, 35 com estenose aórtica (EAo) e 35 com insuficiência aórtica (IAo), com indicação cirúrgica, que realizaram ecocardiograma (ECO) e RMC pré-operatórios para avaliação da função ventricular, volumes e índice de massa ventricular esquerda por meio da cinerressonância. RESULTADOS: Quando comparadas as variáveis do ECO e da RMC, nos grupos da EAo e da IAo não houve diferença estatística entre os dois métodos. Quando comparadas com o tipo de sintoma, as variáveis pelo ECO e pela RMC apresentam o mesmo comportamento. CONCLUSÃO: A RMC apresentou concordância com o ECO na avaliação do volume ventricular esquerdo e fração de ejeção e com a clínica dos pacientes com valvopatia aórtica crônica.

Dor lombar durante infusão de estreptoquinase

We report the case of a 57-year-old male patient with severe low back pain during streptokinase infusion administered to treat typical chest pain and elevation of the ST segment in the inferior wall. We reviewed the literature, emphasizing the differential diagnosis, the pathophysiology, and management of the event

Remodelação ventricular esquerda: aspectos de interesse clínico / Left ventricle remodeling: clinical aspects

O aumento da pós-carga na estenose aórtica resulta em ativação hemodinâmica e neuro-hormonal e, por fim, em remodelação ventricular. É um processo dependente do tempo e somente interfere no desempenho ventricular após a perda de proporcionalidade entre os compartimentos muscular, intersticial e endotelial. Após a correção da obstrução ocorre fenômeno inverso, resultando em melhora tanto clínica como funcional...

Fibrose miocárdica em valvopatia aórtica: estudo comparativo entre a ressonância magnética e biópsia intra-operatória miocárdica / Relationship of myocardial fibrosis by delayed enhancement MRI with biopsy-quantified collagen content in patients with severe chronic aortic valve disease

Fibrose miocárdica nas valvopatias aórticas: estudo comparado entre a ressonância magnética e biópsia intraoperatória miocárdica. Nas valvopatias aórticas crônicas graves, a presença de fibrose miocárdica (FM) pode ter valor prognóstico. Comparou-se a ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) e a biópsia miocárdica (BM) na avaliação da FM, e a relação da quantificação da FM por meio da fração do volume do colágeno (FVC) nas valvopatias aórticas crônicas com indicação cirúrgica. Foram estudados 70 pacientes (35 com estenose aórtica e 35 com insuficiência aórtica) / Myocardial fibrosis (MF) in severe chronic aortic valve diseases can have prognostic value. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and myocardic biopsy (MB) were compared when assessing MF as well as relation of MF quantification by quantified collagencontent (QCC) in chronic aortic valve diseases rerred to surgery. Seventy patients were studied (35 with aortic stenosis and 35 with aortic regurgitation), undergoing preoperative...