[Pathomorphological alterations in the kidneys in acute and chronic alcohol intoxication]. / Patomorfologicheskie izmeneniya v pochkakh pri ostroi i khronicheskoi alkogol'noi intoksikatsii.

The literature review presents data on pathomorphological changes in the kidneys in acute and chronic alcohol intoxication. A lack of consensus among researchers on the direct toxic damage to renal tissue by ethanol is demonstrated. Analysis of the literature showed that the issue of attributing microscopic changes detected in the kidneys to characteristic or specific signs remains controversial. Some authors identify several characteristic microscopic patterns in the kidney tissue in alcohol intoxication: thickening of glomeruli basal membranes, narrowing of glomerular capsule tubular lumen. Fatty dystrophy of the proximal tubules is most often indicative of concomitant conditions related to alcohol intoxication, such as ketoacidosis. In alcohol intoxication, some changes in the kidneys occur variably, such as dyscirculatory, dystrophic, pigmentary, necrotic, and autolytic changes. Data on the causes of their occurrence are often contradictory from different authors. The authors of this review believe that this issue can be resolved using up-to-date histochemical, immunohistochemical, and morphometric test methods.

[Inhibition of herpes simplex virus helicase UL9 by netropsin derivatives and antiviral activities of bis-netropsins].

Data obtained show that antiviral activities of bis-linked netropsin derivatives are targeted by specific complexes formed by helicase UL9 of herpes simplex virus type 1 with viral DNA replication origins, represented by two OriS sites and one OriL site. According to the results of footprinting studies bis-netropsins get bound selectively to an A+T-cluster which separates interaction sites I and II for helicase UL9 in OriS. Upon binding to DNA bis-netropsins stabilize a structure of the A+T-cluster and inhibit thermal fluctuation-induced opening of AT- base pairs which is needed for local unwinding of DNA by helicase UL9. Kinetics of ATP-dependent DNA unwinding in the presence and absence of Pt-bis-netropsin are studied by measuring the efficiency of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the fluorescent probes attached covalently to 3?- and 5?-ends of the oligonucleotides in the minimal OriS duplex. Pt-bis-netropsin and related molecules inhibit unwinding of OriS duplex by helicase UL9. Pt-bis-netropsin is also able to reduce the rate of unwinding of the AT- rich hairpin formed by the upper strand in the minimal OriS duplex. The antiviral activities and toxicity of bis-linked netropsin derivatives are studied in cell cultured experiments and experiments with animals infected by herpes virus.

Binding of Hoechst 33258 and its derivatives to DNA.

In the present work, we employed UV-VIS spectroscopy, fluorescence methods, and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) to study the interaction of dye Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and their derivatives to poly[d(AT)].poly[d(AT)], poly(dA).poly(dT), and DNA dodecamer with the sequence 5'-CGTATATATACG-3'. We identified three types of complexes formed by Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and methylproamine with DNA, corresponding to the binding of each drug in monomer, dimer, and tetramer forms. In a dimer complex, two dye molecules are sandwiched in the same place of the minor DNA groove. Our data show that Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and methylproamine also form complexes of the third type that reflects binding of dye associates (probably tetramers) to DNA. Substitution of a hydrogen atom in the ortho position of the phenyl ring by a methyl group has a little effect on binding of monomers to DNA. However it reduces strength of binding of tetramers to DNA. In contrast, a Hoechst derivative containing the ortho-isopropyl group in the phenyl ring exhibits a low affinity to poly(dA).poly(dT) and poly[d(AT)].poly[d(AT)] and binds to DNA only in the monomer form. This can be attributed to a sterical hindrance caused by the ortho-isopropyl group for side-by-side accommodation of two dye molecules in the minor groove. Our experiments show that mode of binding of Hoechst 33258 derivatives and their affinity for DNA depend on substituents in the ortho position of the phenyl ring of the dye molecule. A statistical mechanical treatment of binding of Hoechst 33258 and its derivatives to a polynucleotide lattice is described and used for determination of binding parameters of Hoechst 33258 and its derivatives to poly[d(AT)].poly[d(AT)] and poly(dA).poly(dT).

Macroscopic phase separation of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in Sr0.5Ce0.5FBiS2-x Se x revealed by µSR.

The compound Sr0.5Ce0.5FBiS2 belongs to the intensively studied family of layered BiS2 superconductors. It attracts special attention because superconductivity at T sc = 2.8 K was found to coexist with local-moment ferromagnetic order with a Curie temperature T C = 7.5 K. Recently it was reported that upon replacing S by Se T C drops and ferromagnetism becomes of an itinerant nature. At the same time T sc increases and it was argued superconductivity coexists with itinerant ferromagnetism. Here we report a muon spin rotation and relaxation study (µSR) conducted to investigate the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetic order in Sr0.5Ce0.5FBiS2-x Se x with x = 0.5 and 1.0. By inspecting the muon asymmetry function we find that both phases do not coexist on the microscopic scale, but occupy different sample volumes. For x = 0.5 and x = 1.0 we find a ferromagnetic volume fraction of ~8 % and ~30 % at T = 0.25 K, well below T C = 3.4 K and T C = 3.3 K, respectively. For x = 1.0 (T sc = 2.9 K) the superconducting phase occupies most (~64 %) of the remaining sample volume, as shown by transverse field experiments that probe the Gaussian damping due to the vortex lattice. We conclude ferromagnetism and superconductivity are macroscopically phase separated.

Rotational symmetry breaking in the topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3 probed by upper-critical field experiments.

Recently it was demonstrated that Sr intercalation provides a new route to induce superconductivity in the topological insulator Bi2Se3. Topological superconductors are predicted to be unconventional with an odd-parity pairing symmetry. An adequate probe to test for unconventional superconductivity is the upper critical field, Bc2. For a standard BCS layered superconductor Bc2 shows an anisotropy when the magnetic field is applied parallel and perpendicular to the layers, but is isotropic when the field is rotated in the plane of the layers. Here we report measurements of the upper critical field of superconducting SrxBi2Se3 crystals (Tc = 3.0 K). Surprisingly, field-angle dependent magnetotransport measurements reveal a large anisotropy of Bc2 when the magnet field is rotated in the basal plane. The large two-fold anisotropy, while six-fold is anticipated, cannot be explained with the Ginzburg-Landau anisotropic effective mass model or flux flow induced by the Lorentz force. The rotational symmetry breaking of Bc2 indicates unconventional superconductivity with odd-parity spin-triplet Cooper pairs (Δ4-pairing) recently proposed for rhombohedral topological superconductors, or might have a structural nature, such as self-organized stripe ordering of Sr atoms.

Magnetic and superconducting phase diagram of the half-Heusler topological semimetal HoPdBi.

We report a study of the magnetic and electronic properties of the non-centrosymmetric half-Heusler antiferromagnet HoPdBi (TN = 2.0 K). Magnetotransport measurements show HoPdBi has a semimetallic behavior with a carrier concentration n = 3.7 × 10(18) cm(-3) extracted from the Shubnikov-de Haas effect. The magnetic phase diagram in the field-temperature plane has been determined by transport, magnetization, and thermal expansion measurements: magnetic order is suppressed at BM ~ 3.6 T for T --> 0. Superconductivity with Tc ~ 1.9 K is found in the antiferromagnetic phase. Ac-susceptibility measurements provide solid evidence for bulk superconductivity below Tc = 0.75 K with a screening signal close to a volume fraction of 100%. The upper critical field shows an unusual linear temperature variation with Bc2(T --> 0) = 1.1 T. We also report electronic structure calculations that classify HoPdBi as a new topological semimetal, with a non-trivial band inversion of 0.25 eV.

Mono-, di- and trimeric binding of a bis-netropsin to DNA.

An unusual 3:1 stoichiometry for complex formation between an elongated bis-netropsin compound and its binding site on DNA has been observed. Circular dichroism measurements distinguish two types of complexes formed between this bis-netropsin and poly[d(A-T)].poly[d(A-T)]. The first type is characterized by a 1:1 saturating ratio of bound molecules per ten base pairs. Formation of the second type results from the cooperative binding of two additional bis-netropsin molecules to the first type of complex. In contrast to these results observed for binding to the alternating polynucleotide, only the 1:1 type of complex is formed when this ligand binds to the homopolymer poly(dA).poly(dT).

Binding of bis-linked netropsin derivatives in the parallel-stranded hairpin form to DNA.

Cis-diammine Pt(II)- bridged bis-netropsin and oligomethylene-bridged bis-netropsin in which two monomers are linked in a tail-to-tail manner bind to the DNA oligomer with the sequence 5'-CCTATATCC-3' in a parallel-stranded hairpin form with a stoichiometry 1:1. The difference circular dichroism (CD) spectra characteristic of binding of these ligands in the hairpin form are similar. They differ from CD patterns obtained for binding to the same duplex of another bis-netropsin in which two netropsin moieties were linked in a head-to-tail manner. This reflects the fact that tail-to-tail and head-to-tail bis-netropsins use parallel and antiparallel side-by-side motifs, respectively, for binding to DNA in the hairpin forms. The binding affinity of cis-diammine Pt(II)-bridged bis-netropsin in the hairpin form to DNA oligomers with nucleotide sequences 5'-CCTATATCC-3' (I), 5'-CCTTAATCC-3' (II), 5'-CCTTATTCC-3' (III), 5'-CCTTTTTCC-3' (IV) and 5'-CCAATTTCC-3' (V) decreases in the order I = II > III > IV > V . The binding of oligomethylene-bridged bis-netropsin in the hairpin form follows a similar hierarchy. An opposite order of sequence preferences is observed for partially bonded monodentate binding mode of the synthetic ligand.

[Interaction of synthetic ligands containing N,4-disubstituted mono- and diphthalimides with DNA]. / Vzaimodeistvie s DNK sinteticheskikh ligandov, soderzhashchikh N,4-dizameshchennye mono- i diftalimidy.

Nevel synthetic DNA binding ligands containing N,4-disubstituted mono- and diphthalimide fragments and carrying positively charged groups at both ends of the molecules were characterized by various physiochemical methods. All the ligands were shown to have fluorescence maximum at about 460 nm for excitation at 340 nm. Interaction of these compounds with DNA and synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides was studied using spectrophotometry, CD and fluorescence measurements. It was shown, that the ligand containing phthalimide fragment connected by flexible chain to dipyrrolcarboxamide fragment, binds to DNA narrow groove covering 5 base pairs. This type of complex formation was found to be followed by increasing of CD band at 280 nm and increasing in fluorescence intensity. If the ligand backbone contains only phthalimide fragments there is no binding in the DNA narrow groove. In this case the weakly fluorescent outside binding type complex is formed, which is characterized by the binding of one ligand molecule with two base pairs.

[Analysis of the prevalence of hereditary adenomatosis of the gastrointestinal tract among the population of Moscow]. / Analiz rasprostraneniia nasledstvennogo adenomatoza zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta sredi naseleniia Moskvy.

The prevalence of hereditary autosomal dominant gastrointestinal adenomatosis in the Moscow population was estimated on the basis of elaboration of an indirect method. This estimate was found to be 1:48000. The prevalence observed is discussed in terms of ascertainment problems and peculiarities of the method of calculation proposed.

[Genetic problems of hereditary polyposis of the large intestine. II. Characteristics of the population genetics]. / Nekotorye problemi genetiki nasledstvennogo polipoza tolstoi kishki. Soobshchenie II. Populiatsionno-geneticheskaia kharakteristika.

Based on the study carried out, we have suggested a populational-genetical model of hereditary polyposes with frequencies of some parameters, such as frequency of mutation, gene's (allele's) frequency, frequency of heterozygotes (general and for separate groups), fertility, fittnes and selection efficiency.

[Genetic problems of hereditary polyposis of the large intestine. I. An analysis of the interrelation with intestinal cancer]. / Nekotorye problemy genetiki nasledstvennogo polipoza tolstoi kishki. Soobshchenie I. Analiz vzaimosviazi s rakom kishechnika.

An attempt has been made to estimate the correlation of oncological illnesses in the families within the limits of segregational and correlational analyses, considering the fact of accumulation in the families of probands with autosomal-dominant polyposes of colon of the cases of primary (without preceding polyposes) colon cancer. Significant correlation was found between the hereditary polyposes and primary colon cancer in the families studied. Based on these data, a hypothesis is discussed of the main gene and its modifications on the phenotypical version in the form of primary benign (polyposes) and malignant (cancer) pathology. No significant correlation was found between colon polyposes and cancer of stomach in the families.

[A study of periodicity in the primary structure of spidroin 1 and spidroin 2 from spiders belonging to various species]. / Issledovanie periodichnostei v posledovatel'nostiakh aminokislot spidroinov pervogo i vtorogo tipov iz paukov razlichnykh vidov.

Sequences of spidroin 1 and 2 from spiders belonging to various species were analyzed by Fourier analysis. Specific periodical patterns were found in various segments of the sequences. These characteristic periodicities vary within the same proteins as well as between spidroin 1 and spidroin 2 sequences. It is possible that alterations in periodicity help to recognize contact sites between the molecules. Spidroins of 2 type have similar sequence structure consisting of four parts with a particular periodical pattern. These parts are a constant C-terminal part, a long-periodical part, a short-periodical part, and a constant N-terminal part.

[Morphological characteristics of multiple polyps of the large intestine]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika mnozhestvennykh polipov tolstoi kishki.

Morphologic characteristics of multiple colonic polyps from 155 patients were analysed. In 23.5% of cases the polyps were proximally localized. The histologic structure in 98.1% out of 316 polyps showed them to be adenomas with different atypical changes of the epithelium, including carcinoma in situ, or invasive cancer. With the increase in adenoma size its histologic structure became more complicated and atypical changes more prominent. Different forms of colonic mucosa multiple adenoma are reviewed, the incidence of malignancy being 11.6%. It is concluded, that thorough examination of the colon and active surgery is indicated in this group of patients.

[Main forms and stages in the development of diffuse polyposis of the large intestine (problems of classification)]. / Osnovnye formy i stadii razvitiia diffuznogo polipoza tolstoi kishki (voprosy klassifikatsii).

Diffuse polyposis of the large intestine is a hereditary disease involving mostly young people and characterized by a high index of malignization. Previously proposed various classifications of the disease do not reflect completely the numerous important aspects of this pathology. On the basis of macro- and miroscopic studies on 186 operation preparations of the large intestine removed for diffuse polyposis 4 groups of the disease were distinguished: I--the largest group including polyposis with predominance of the cell proliferation processes (various kinds of adenomas--147 observations), II--polyposis with prevalence of secretion processes (juvenile polyps--24 observations), III--polyposis with both signs (10 observations); in this mixed group juvenile polyps alternated with glandular and glandular-villous polyps; group IV included 5 observations with Peuts-Jeghers syndrome.

[Giant spreading villous tumors of the colon and rectum]. / Gigantskie steliushchiesia vorsinchatye opukholi obodochnoi i priamoi kishok.

Two rare observations in which villous tumors affected the mucous membranes of the rectum and transverse colon are described. In one case the lesions extended for 60 cm, in the other the neoplasm occupied the entire inner surface of the rectum and colon as well as the adjacent area of the ileum, whereas in the area of the liver and spleen bends there were areas of adenocarcinoma. Both observations were characterized by marked inflammatory infiltration in some parts of the villous tumor.

[Cancer of the small intestine at the site of an ileostomy]. / Rak tonkoi kishki v zone ileostomy.

A rather rare case of tubular-villous adenoma located on the small intestine mucosa in the ileostomy area and its transformation into adenocarcinoma is described. The patient had undergone previously a two-stage colectomy for a giant creeping large intestinal tumor with malignancy in the left and right colic flexure and in the rectum 7 cm apart from the anal margin. Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine developed 5 years later in the ileostomy zone. Ileostomy was reconstructed with the excision of 15 cm of the small intestine. The tumor structure at the site of ileostomy was that of adenocarcinoma, and it infiltrated the muscular layer of the small intestinal wall.

[Sarcomas of pararectal fat]. / Sarkomy pararektal'noi kletchatki.

The paper presents a description of 9 cases of pararectal fat tissue sarcoma which have amounted to 12.8% of all benign and malignant tumors of this site registered within the last 13 years. Clinical course, procedures for diagnosis, surgical treatment and its results are discussed.

[Multiple primary cancer of the large intestine in patients with diffuse polyposis]. / Pervichno-mnozhestvennyi rak tolstoi kishki u bol'nykh s diffuznym polipozom.

Primary multiple cancer of the colon was diagnosed in 116 out of 636 (18.2%) cases of diffuse polyposis of the organ. Cancer was more likely to develop in patients with proliferative forms of diffuse colonic polyposis (97.4%). Surgical procedure was determined by tumor site and extent of polyposis.

[The therapeutic procedure for desmoids in patients with diffuse polyposis of the large intestine]. / Lechebnaia taktika pri desmoidakh u bol'nykh diffuznym polipozom tolstoi kishki.

Desmoid was diagnosed in 54 out of 632 patients who had been operated on for diffuse polyposis. The age of patients with desmoid ranged from 18-61 years. Twenty of them had desmoid in the anterior abdominal wall whereas 30--in the small intestine mesentery or retroperitoneal space. Dissection was carried out in 14 out of 18 patients with anterior abdominal wall desmoid. Recurrence was registered in 6 patients. Dissection was attempted in 12 out of 26 patients with intraabdominal desmoid but radical procedure could be performed in 5 only. In a group of 4 patients with synchronous desmoid of both sites, both tumors were removed in one patient only whereas in the other 3--only anterior abdominal wall tumor could be dissected.