Effects of a combined oral contraceptive containing 20 mcg of ethinylestradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone on the blood pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, insulin resistance, and androgenic profile of healthy young women.

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease depending on the ethynyl estradiol (EE) dose and the androgenicity of the progestogens. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of a COC containing 20 mcg EE + 3 mg drospirenone on blood pressure (BP), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, insulin resistance, and androgenic profile of healthy young women. Eighty-one healthy young women aged 30 ± 1 years (case group, n = 49, received COC; control group, n = 32, used no COC) were assessed twice, before and after the 6-month study. Statistical analysis employed the paired t-tests and expressed the data in mean and standard deviation. Results were as follows: no changes in BP or in BMI; a significant increase in aldosterone, plasma renin activity, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels, but a non-significant increase in HDL and no significant changes in LDL levels (these parameters remained within normal ranges); a significant increase in the HOMA-IR index and a significant decrease in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (SDHEA), androstenedione, total testosterone, and free testosterone levels; no significant variations in the control group parameters. An oral contraceptive combination of a low EE dose and an anti-androgenic progestogen does not negatively influence the risk factors for a cardiovascular disease.

Human Tubal-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Associated with Low Level Laser Therapy Significantly Reduces Cigarette Smoke-Induced COPD in C57BL/6 mice.

Cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a very debilitating disease, with a very high prevalence worldwide, which results in a expressive economic and social burden. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches to treat these patients are of unquestionable relevance. The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an innovative and yet accessible approach for pulmonary acute and chronic diseases, mainly due to its important immunoregulatory, anti-fibrogenic, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic. Besides, the use of adjuvant therapies, whose aim is to boost or synergize with their function should be tested. Low level laser (LLL) therapy is a relatively new and promising approach, with very low cost, no invasiveness and no side effects. Here, we aimed to study the effectiveness of human tube derived MSCs (htMSCs) cell therapy associated with a 30mW/3J-660 nm LLL irradiation in experimental cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thus, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 75 days (twice a day) and all experiments were performed on day 76. Experimental groups receive htMSCS either intraperitoneally or intranasally and/or LLL irradiation either alone or in association. We show that co-therapy greatly reduces lung inflammation, lowering the cellular infiltrate and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α and KC), which were followed by decreased mucus production, collagen accumulation and tissue damage. These findings seemed to be secondary to the reduction of both NF-κB and NF-AT activation in lung tissues with a concomitant increase in IL-10. In summary, our data suggests that the concomitant use of MSCs + LLLT may be a promising therapeutic approach for lung inflammatory diseases as COPD.

Effects of a contraceptive containing drospirenone and ethinylestradiol on blood pressure, metabolic profile and neurohumoral axis in hypertensive women at reproductive age.

UNLABELLED: The use of combined oral contraceptives is widespread among hypertensive women despite being associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Contraceptives containing drospirenone, which has antimineralocorticoid properties, may have a positive or neutral effect on neurohumoral activation and metabolic homeostasis of hypertensive women at reproductive age. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of combined oral contraceptive containing drospirenone+ethinylestradiol on the systemic blood pressure, metabolic variables and neurohumoral axis in hypertensive women in reproductive age. DESIGN: Prospective controlled trial with 56 hypertensive women allocated in two groups: 30 volunteers under oral combined contraceptive use and 26 volunteers using non-hormonal contraceptive methods. Subjects were tested before the introduction of the contraceptive method and 6 months after its use. For data acquisition, we used continuous non-invasive beat-to-beat blood pressure curve recordings and, for the biochemical and hormonal analyses two blood samples were obtained. Student's t test was used to determine differences between groups and moments and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Comparing antropometric and blood pressure measurements, cardiac sympatho-vagal modulation, baroreceptor sensitivity, metabolic and neurohumoral axis variables between baseline and after 6 months, no significant difference was detected in each group or between groups. Except serum triglyceride levels which increased in the group of women using EE+DRSP after 6 months of use. CONCLUSION: A contraceptive containing 20 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone causes no significant changes in clinical and autonomic parameters, metabolic variables and neurohumoral axis of hypertensive women.

Effects of a contraceptive containing drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol on blood pressure and autonomic tone: a prospective controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The use of combined oral contraceptives has been associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Whether these drugs alter cardiac autonomic nervous system control is not completely determined. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a contraceptive containing 20mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 3mg of drospirenone on the heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure of healthy women. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective controlled trial with 69 healthy women allocated in two groups: 36 volunteers under oral combined contraceptive use and 33 volunteers using of non-hormonal contraceptive methods. Subjects were tested before the introduction of the contraceptive method and 6 months after its use. For data acquisition, we used continuous non-invasive beat-to-beat blood pressure curve recordings. Multiple ANOVA was used to determine differences between groups and moments and p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: At baseline, there were no differences in demographic and autonomic parameters between groups. Comparing cardiac sympatho-vagal modulation, baroreceptor sensitivity and blood pressure measurements between baseline and after 6 months, no significant difference was detected in each group or between groups. CONCLUSION: A contraceptive containing 20mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 3mg of drospirenone causes no significant changes in clinical, hemodynamic and autonomic parameters of normal women.

Avaliação do tônus autonômico em mulheres jovens normotensas em uso de anticoncepcional hormonal combinado oral contendo drospirenona / Assessment of autonomic tone in young normotensive women using oral combined hormonal contraceptives containing drospirenone

Importância. O uso de anticoncepcional hormonal combinado oral é associado ao aumento do risco de eventos cardiovasculares adversos desde a sua introdução na prática clínica. O mecanismo exato pelo qual podem alterar o risco ainda não foi esclarecido, sendo escassa a literatura que avalia a ação dessa classe de medicação no sistema nervoso autonômico. Objetivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de contraceptivo contendo 20 mcg de etinilestradiol e 3 mg de drospirenona sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, da sensibilidade do barorreflexo e sobre a pressão arterial de mulheres saudáveis. Métodos. Trata-se de estudo prospectivo controlado com 69 mulheres saudáveis, divididas em dois grupos: 36 voluntárias que fizeram uso de anticoncepcional hormonal combinado oral, e 33 voluntárias que utilizaram métodos contraceptivos não-hormonais. As mulheres foram avaliadas em dois momentos, antes da introdução do método contraceptivo e seis meses após seu uso. Para a aquisição dos dados, utilizou-se o Finomoter® (FMS, Finapres Medical System, Anhem, The Netherlands), obtendo-se de forma não invasiva registros contínuos da curva da pressão arterial batimento a batimento. A análise estatística foi realizada para determinar diferenças entre os grupos e entre os momentos, sendo p < 0,05 considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados. No momento basal, não houve diferenças nos parâmetros demográficos, hemodinâmicos e autonômicos entre os grupos. Além disso, a comparação dos diversos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e autonômicos ao final de seis meses do método contraceptivo não evidenciou diferença tanto entre os grupos como no decorrer do tempo. Conclusão. O uso de contraceptivo contendo 20 mcg de etinilestradiol e 3 mg de drospirenona não causou alterações significativas nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e autonômicos de mulheres saudáveis.

Background. The use of combined oral contraceptives has been associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Whether these drugs alter cardiac autonomic nervous system control is not completely determined. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a contraceptive containing 20 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone on the heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure of healthy women. Methods. This is a prospective controlled trial with 69 healthy women allocated in two groups: 36 volunteers under oral combined contraceptive use and 33 volunteers under use of non-hormonal contraceptives methods. Subjects were tested before the introduction of the contraceptive method and 6 months after its use. The Finometer® (FMS, Finapres Medical System, Anhem, The Netherlands) was used for data acquisition, obtaining noninvasively continuous records of the blood pressure curve beat to beat. Statistical analysis was performed to determine differences between groups and times, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results. At baseline, there were no differences in demographic, hemodynamic and autonomic parameters between groups. A comparison of various hemodynamic and autonomic parameters after 6 months of birth control methods showed no difference between both groups as over time. Conclusion. A contraceptive containing 20 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone causes no significant changes in hemodynamic and autonomic parameters of healthy women.