RESUMEN
Earlier investigations extended exclusively to comparisons of the red blood cells (RBC) Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in neonates of various ages. We have now carried out comparative measurements on the activities of RBC catalase and glutathione peroxidase from the same source. Besides the enzymes, we also measured the lipid peroxidation (LP). The differences between the RBC of premature and full-term neonates were found to be significant. The lower antioxidant enzymatic activity and LP level in premature infants are explained by the immaturity of the biochemical systems and the different lipid composition of the RBC membranes.
Asunto(s)
Eritrocitos/enzimología , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Catalasa/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Peróxidos Lipídicos/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangreRESUMEN
Washed red blood cells from preserved blood were used to elaborate a method suitable for the examination of red blood cell deformability and for the detection of changes in oxidative stress, i.e. for the determination of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity changes. The oxidative stress was induced by treatment of red blood cells with hydrogen peroxide.
Asunto(s)
Deformación Eritrocítica , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Glutatión/sangre , Peroxidación de Lípido , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in the red blood cells of cord blood were investigated and compared at different gestation times in preterm and full-term neonates, with and without pretreatment of the pregnant mothers with Oradexone (Dexamethasone) or Ambroxol. Administration of the two drugs not only stimulated the lung surfactant system, but also exerted favourable effects on the antioxidant enzyme activities while the lipid peroxidation was decreased.
Asunto(s)
Ambroxol/farmacología , Bromhexina/análogos & derivados , Dexametasona/farmacología , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Recien Nacido Prematuro/sangre , Antioxidantes/sangre , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/enzimología , Humanos , Recién Nacido/sangre , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/embriología , Masculino , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición PrenatalRESUMEN
Despite their ototoxic and other side effects, aminoglycosides are still widely used in the treatment of neonatal infections. A novel method for evaluation of hearing loss is distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Physiologic acoustic energy-emission produced by sound stimulus in the inner ear is detected by DPOAE. Existing acoustic emission indicates the functional integrity of the inner ear. DPOAE was performed in 19 newborns treated with netilmicin for different infections. Serum netilmicin levels did not exceed 12 mg/l; renal functions were normal. Existence of emission was detected in 15 newborns. There was no emission found in 4 newborns unilaterally, which was fully restored in 2 months. In conclusion, aminoglycosides have no considerable ototoxic side effects. DPOAE is thought to be an objective, fast, and non-invasive method for hearing screening in the newborn period.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Gentamicinas/farmacología , Pérdida Auditiva/inducido químicamente , Netilmicina/farmacología , Emisiones Otoacústicas Espontáneas , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Pérdida Auditiva/diagnóstico , Pruebas Auditivas , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Infecciones/tratamiento farmacológico , Netilmicina/uso terapéutico , Emisiones Otoacústicas Espontáneas/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Eritrocitos/análisis , Adolescente , Niño , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Insulina/farmacología , Insulina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Potasio/sangre , Sodio/sangreAsunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Linfoma/complicaciones , Niño , Humanos , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Hemólisis , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Peróxido de HidrógenoRESUMEN
The sodium and potassium concentrations of the red blood cells and the serum were investigated in 21 children with diabetes mellitus. Measurements were made prior to and 1 and 2 hours following insulin administration. Before insulin treatment, the sodium level in the red blood cells of the diabetes patients was significantly higher that the control level, while the potassium level was significantly depressed. These differences were not observed 1 and 2 hours following insulin administration. Attention is drawn to the rapid and extensive electrolyte changes in the red blood cells of diabetics in response to insulin. The potassium content of the serum of the diabetics was significantly decreased by insulin administration. No correlation was found between the electrolyte levels and the fasting blood glucose levels. A weak negative correlation (p less than 0.02) was observed between the potassium content of the red blood cells and the duration of the illness. The pathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the results are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Potasio/sangre , Sodio/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Insulina/administración & dosificación , MasculinoRESUMEN
Peroxide haemolysis of erythrocytes in children with diabetes mellitus was discussed. The peroxide haemolysis tests of erythrocytes of 32 healthy and 35 diabetic children were compared. The erythrocytes of diabetics were hemolyzed to a small extent when 2% H2O2 was used. If 5 and 10 mmol/l glucose were added, the peroxide haemolysis of the controls decreased but that of the diabetics did not change. The results of the examinations performed with pH 6.8 were compared to those of pH 7.4 and both in the diabetics and controls a slight haemolysis was observed.