Comparative study of dental anomalies assessed with panoramic radiographs of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome patients.

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of dental anomalies from panoramic radiographs of age-matched individuals with and without Down Syndrome (DS). STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. A group of 41 patients (19 female and 22 male) with Down Syndrome (DS), mean age 10.6 ± 1.4 and a control group of 42 non- DS patients (26 female and 16 male), mean age 11.1 ± 1.3 were studied. METHODS: This study examined the medical history and a panoramic radiograph of each patient. The dental anomalies studied were agenesis of permanent teeth (except third molars), size and shape maxillary lateral anomalies and maxillary canine eruption path anomalies. STATISTICS: The groups were compared using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests (p<0.05). Rho Spearman correlation coefficient was applied for associations. Results Agenesis of one permanent tooth was found in 73.17% of DS subjects and two or more permanent teeth in more than 50% (p<0.001). Maxillary lateral incisor was the most frequently absent tooth followed by mandibular second premolar, mandibular lateral incisor, maxillary second premolar and mandibular central incisor. No significant differences were detected between maxilla and mandible on either side. No differences in gender were observed. Significant differences were found for size and shape anomalies of maxillary lateral incisors, as well as for canine eruption anomalies (p<0.05). No gender differences were observed for either variable. No association was found between these two variables in the DS group. CONCLUSIONS: More dental anomalies were present in the DS group than in the control group, which implied that DS patients need periodical dental and orthodontic supervision so as to prevent or control subsequent oral problems.

[Morphometric study of somatostatin-producing "D" cells in duodenum and pancreas of the rat, following experimental antrectomy]. / Estudio morfométrico de las células "D" productoras de somatostatina en duodeno y páncreas de la rata, tras la antrectomía experimental.

Given the inhibition of gastric secretion by the "D" cells producing somatostatin in antral mucosa, as well as evidence of disorders of the postprandial blood glucose after antrectomy, we may expect as a result of the antral resection a series of modifications in the content of the "D" cells in duodenum and pancreas. The study group was made up of 30 Sprague-Dawley albino rats, distributed in 3 groups as follows: Billroth I, Billroth II and laparotomy. The "D" cell study and the morphometric analysis after immunohistochemical avidin-biotin, was carried out with an automatic image analyzer and a morphometric calculation program. The results show that: the "D" cell population decreased significantly in the B-II group while the number of pancreatic islets and the average insular surface, did not show significantly differences in the tree groups, the relationship of the average insular surface with respect to the pancreas, decreased significantly in the two groups with antrectomy, expressing a hyperplasia of the exocrine pancreas and that the number of insular "D" cells decreased significantly in the B-II group and didn't change in the B-I group. These findings suggest that antrectomy, originates an increase of the exocrine pancreas and that antrectomy with gastrojejunal anastomosis excluding the duodenum, decreases the number of duodenal "D" cells and number of "D" cells of the pancreatic islets.

[The effect of duodenal exclusion on the cellular endocrine adaptation of the duodenum after performing an antrectomy. An experimental study in the rat]. / Influencia de la exclusión duodenal en la adaptación celular endocrina del duodeno tras la práctica de una antrectomía. Estudio experimental en la rata.

We present an experimental study in rats with the aim to value the adaptative variations over the duodenal gastrin and somatostatin cell producing populations after antrectomy and gastrojejunostomy. 30 animals were distributed into two groups of 15 animals each. Group 1 rats underwent antrectomy and gastrojejunostomy, the animals of group 2 were considered as a controls. The results obtained show that after antrectomy and gastrojejunostomy an increase of gastrin producing cells is produced as well as decrease of somatostatin producing cells, both figures are statistically significant, concluding that the duodenum is able to supply the gastric antrum in gastrin production while the duodenal somatostatin cell producing population is negative influenced by the absence of alimentary stimuli and gastric secretions.

[Adaptive duodenal endocrine cell changes after antrectomy. Experimental study in the rat]. / Cambios celulares endocrinos duodenales adaptativos tras la práctica de una antrectomía. Estudio experimental en la rata.

The known gastric endocrine relationship between "G" cells and "D" cells is altered after the loss of antral "G" cell population after antrectomy, leading to physiologic adaptative changes over the cell population producing gastrin and somatostatin in the duodenum, replacing thus the endocrine function of the resected gastric antrum. In this experimental study, Sprague-Dawley rats have been randomized in two groups, Control and Antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy, maintaining the alimentary stimulation of the duodenum. Endocrine "G" and "D" cell studies have been carried out by immunohistochemical staining with an Avidin-Biotin affinity technique. The statistical method used was the "t" test of Student. The results demonstrated a significant increase of the duodenal "G" cell population without changes of the duodenal "D" cell population after antrectomy and gastroduodenostomy. The endocrine cell ratio "G/D" in the duodenum increases due to the loss of antral gastrin release and the decrease of gastric acid output provoked by antrectomy.