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1.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38806850

RESUMEN

An increasing interest in the assessment of neuropsychological performance variability in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) has emerged. However, its association with clinical and functional outcomes requires further study. Furthermore, FEP neuropsychological subgroups have not been characterized by clinical insight or metacognition and social cognition domains. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify specific groups of patients with FEP based on neuropsychological variables and to compare their sociodemographic, clinical, metacognition and social cognition profiles. A sample of 149 FEP was recruited from adult mental health services. Neuropsychological performance was assessed by a neuropsychological battery (WAIS-III; TMT; WSCT; Stroop Test; TAVEC). The assessment also included sociodemographic characteristics, clinical, functional, metacognition and social cognition variables. Two distinct neuropsychological profiles emerged: one neuropsychological impaired cluster (N = 56) and one relatively intact cluster (N = 93). Significant differences were found between both profiles in terms of sociodemographic characteristics (age and level of education) (p = 0.001), clinical symptoms (negative, positive, disorganized, excitement and anxiety) (p = 0.041-0.001), clinical insight (p = 0.038-0.017), global functioning (p = 0.014), as well as in social cognition domains (emotional processing and theory of mind) (p = 0.001; p = 0.002). No significant differences were found in metacognitive variables (cognitive insight and 'jumping to conclusions' bias). Relationship between neurocognitive impairment, social cognition and metacognition deficits are discussed. Early identifying of neuropsychological profiles in FEP, characterized by significant differences in clinical and social cognition variables, could provide insight into the prognosis and guide the implementation of tailored early-intervention.

2.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38353751

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Previous studies have investigated the role of gender in clinical symptoms, social functioning, and neuropsychological performance in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, the evidence of gender differences for metacognition in subjects with FEP is still limited and controversial. The aim of the present study was to explore gender differences in cognitive insight and cognitive biases in this population. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 104 patients with FEP (35 females and 69 males) recruited from mental health services. Symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, cognitive insight with the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, and cognitive bias by the Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis. The assessment also included clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: After controlling for potential confounders (level of education, marital status, and duration of psychotic illness) analysis of covariance revealed that males presented greater self-reflectiveness (p = 0.004) when compared to females. However, no significant differences were found in self-certainty and composite index of the cognitive insight scale, as in the cognitive biases assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Gender was an independent influence factor for self-reflectiveness, being better for males. Self-reflectiveness, if shown to be relatively lacking in women, could contribute to the design of more gender-sensitive and effective psychotherapeutic treatments, as being able to self-reflect predicts to better treatment response in psychosis.

3.
Arthroscopy ; 40(3): 666-671, 2024 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37419223

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate the superior to inferior glenoid height as a reliable reference in best-fit circle creation for glenoid anatomy. METHODS: The morphology of the native glenoid was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients without shoulder instability. Using T1 sagittal MRI images, 2 reviewers independently estimated glenoid size using the two-thirds technique and the "best-fit circle" technique at 2 different times. A Student t-test was used to determine significant difference between the two methodologies. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were calculated using interclass and intraclass coefficients. RESULTS: This study included 112 patients. Using the results of glenoid height and "best-fit circle" diameter, the diameter of the "best-fit circle" was found to intersect the glenoid line at 67.8% of the glenoid height on average. We found no significant difference between the 2 measures of glenoid diameter (27.6 vs 27.9, P = .456). The interclass and intraclass coefficients for the two-third method were 0.85 and 0.88, respectively. The interclass and intraclass coefficients for the perfect circle methods were 0.84 and 0.73, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We determined that the diameter of a circle placed on the inferior glenoid using the "best-fit circle" technique corresponds to 67.8% of the glenoid height. Additionally, we found that constructing a perfect circle using a diameter equal to two-thirds the height of the glenoid may improve intraclass reliability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective cohort study.


Asunto(s)
Inestabilidad de la Articulación , Articulación del Hombro , Humanos , Hombro , Articulación del Hombro/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación del Hombro/patología , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/diagnóstico por imagen , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/patología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos
4.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 29(6): 1236-1239, 2023 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37209676

RESUMEN

We developed an ELISPOT assay for evaluating Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)‒specific T-cell responses in dromedary camels. After single modified vaccinia virus Ankara-MERS-S vaccination, seropositive camels showed increased levels of MERS-CoV‒specific T cells and antibodies, indicating suitability of camel vaccinations in disease-endemic areas as a promising approach to control infection.


Asunto(s)
Camelus , Infecciones por Coronavirus , Linfocitos T , Vacunas Virales , Animales , Camelus/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Coronavirus del Síndrome Respiratorio de Oriente Medio , Infecciones por Coronavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Vacunación/veterinaria , Ensayo de Immunospot Ligado a Enzimas , Anticuerpos Antivirales
5.
Mol Ecol ; 32(19): 5228-5240, 2023 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37610278

RESUMEN

The accelerating pace of global biodiversity loss is exacerbated by habitat fragmentation and subsequent inbreeding in small populations. To address this problem, conservation practitioners often turn to assisted breeding programmes with the aim of enhancing genetic diversity in declining populations. Although genomic information is infrequently included in these efforts, it has the potential to significantly enhance the success of such programmes. In this study, we showcase the value of genomic approaches for increasing genetic diversity in assisted breeding efforts, specifically focusing on a highly inbred population of Western burrowing owls. To maximize genetic diversity in the resulting offspring, we begin by creating an optimal pairing decision tree based on sex, kinship and patterns of homozygosity across the genome. To evaluate the effectiveness of our strategy, we compare genetic diversity, brood size and nestling success rates between optimized and non-optimized pairs. Additionally, we leverage recently discovered correlations between telomere length and fitness across species to investigate whether genomic optimization could have long-term fitness benefits. Our results indicate that pairing individuals with contrasting patterns of homozygosity across the genome is an effective way to increase genetic diversity in offspring. Although short-term field-based metrics of success did not differ significantly between optimized and non-optimized pairs, offspring from optimized pairs had significantly longer telomeres, suggesting that genetic optimization can help reduce the risk of inbreeding depression. These findings underscore the importance of genomic tools for informing efforts to preserve the adaptive potential of small, inbred populations at risk of further decline.


Asunto(s)
Variación Genética , Endogamia , Humanos , Animales , Variación Genética/genética , Cruzamiento , Genoma , Genómica
6.
Curr Cardiol Rep ; 24(12): 1873-1882, 2022 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36282434

RESUMEN

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias, heart failure, and death. Advanced cardiac imaging modalities have improved the clinician's ability to detect this disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent evidence of cardiac metabolic imaging as assessed by [18F]FDG PET and [123I]BMIPP SPECT in the evaluation of CS patients. RECENT FINDINGS: [18F]FDG PET is the gold standard to identify myocardial inflammation. [123I]BMIPP SPECT can uncover early myocardial damage as well as advanced stages of CS when fibrosis prevails. In presence of inflammation, myocardial [18F]FDG uptake is increased, but in contrast, BMIPP myocardial uptake is reduced or even suppressed. Thus, a complementary role of cardiac metabolic imaging by [18F]FDG PET and BMIPP SPECT has been proposed to detect the whole spectrum of CS. [18F]FDG PET is considered an important tool to improve the diagnosis and optimize the management of CS. The role of [123I]BMIPP SPECT in diagnosing CS is still under investigation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of combined cardiac metabolic imaging in the diagnosis, prognosis, and for selecting treatments in CS patients.


Asunto(s)
Cardiomiopatías , Miocarditis , Sarcoidosis , Humanos , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único/métodos , Sarcoidosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Inflamación , Cardiomiopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiofármacos
7.
Am J Occup Ther ; 75(2): 7502205080p1-7502205080p11, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33657350

RESUMEN

IMPORTANCE: Assessing people's executive function (EF) during addiction treatment makes it possible to design individualized occupational goals. OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) in the occupational assessment of people being treated for substance addiction. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study to determine the EFPT's internal consistency as well as its convergent and discriminant validity with complementary tests. SETTING: A public, free addiction treatment center operated by Madrid Salud (Madrid City Council, Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two people referred to an occupational therapy department for evaluation and intervention. Inclusion was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text revision) criteria for substance abuse or dependence; the exclusion criterion consisted of any circumstances that made it difficult for a person to understand or perform the test. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The EFPT, other occupational tests (Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5, Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment), and a battery of neuropsychological EF tests. RESULTS: The EFPT had an unequivocal unifactorial structure and showed strong correlations between its components and adequate consistency with the scales and the complete test. As expected, the EFPT correlated with the neuropsychological tests with a considerable effect size (-.40 < r < -.60). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The EFPT's psychometric properties are adequate to assess the EF of people being treated for substance addiction from an occupational perspective using real activities of daily living (ADLs). WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS: The results show that the EFPT can be used to assess performance of ADLs without needing to use tests from disciplines other than occupational therapy. Further studies in different sociocultural settings are needed to generalize the results.


Asunto(s)
Función Ejecutiva , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Actividades Cotidianas , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , España
8.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32205347

RESUMEN

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and specifically Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) are rapidly spreading worldwide. The prognosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by KPC-Kp is not well known. Our study tries to assess whether ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by a KPC-Kp strain is associated with higher all-cause mortality than that caused by carbapenem-susceptible isolates. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with VAP due to K. pneumoniae from a 35-bed polyvalent intensive care unit in a university hospital (>40,000 annual admissions) between January 2012 and December 2016. Adjusted multivariate analysis was used to study the association of KPC-Kp with 30-day all-cause mortality (Cox regression). We analyze 69 cases of K. pneumoniae VAP, of which 39 were produced by a KPC-Kp strain with high-level resistance to meropenem (MIC > 16 mg/ml). All-cause mortality at 30 days was 41% in the KPC-Kp group (16/39) and 33.3% in the carbapenem-susceptible cases (10/30). KPC-Kp etiology was not associated with higher mortality when controlled for confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 3.41). Adequate targeted therapy (HR, 0.03; 95% CI, <0.01 to 0.23) was associated with all-cause mortality. Assuming the limitations due to the available sample size, the prognosis of VAP caused by KPC-Kp is similar to VAPs caused by carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae when appropriate treatment is used.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Klebsiella , Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Humanos , Infecciones por Klebsiella/tratamiento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Meropenem/uso terapéutico , Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , beta-Lactamasas/genética
9.
Opt Lett ; 45(13): 3398-3401, 2020 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32630855

RESUMEN

On-chip polarization splitters are key elements for coherent optical communication systems and polarization diversity circuits. These devices are often implemented with directional couplers that are symmetric for one polarization and strongly asymmetric for the other polarization. To achieve this asymmetry, highly dissimilar waveguides are used in each coupler arm, often requiring additional material layers or etch steps. Here we demonstrate polarization splitting with a directional coupler composed of two fully etched subwavelength waveguides, differing only in the tilt angle of the silicon segments. Our device exhibits deep-UV compatible feature sizes, is 14 µm long, and covers a 72 nm bandwidth with insertion losses below 1 dB and an extinction ratio in excess of 15 dB.

10.
BMC Vet Res ; 16(1): 322, 2020 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32873300

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: African horse sickness (AHS) is a serious viral disease of equids resulting in the deaths of many equids in sub-Saharan Africa that has been recognized for centuries. This has significant economic impact on the horse industry, despite the good husbandry practices. Currently, prevention and control of the disease is based on administration of live attenuated vaccines and control of the arthropod vectors. RESULTS: A total of 29 horses in 2 groups, were vaccinated. Eighteen horses in Group 1 were further divided into 9 subgroups of 2 horses each, were individually immunised with one of 1 to 9 AHS serotypes, respectively. The eleven horses of Group 2 were immunised with all 9 serotypes simultaneously with 2 different vaccinations containing 5 serotypes (1, 4, 7-9) and 4 serotypes (2, 3, 5, 6) respectively. The duration of this study was 12 months. Blood samples were periodically withdrawn for serum antibody tests using ELISA and VNT and for 2 weeks after each vaccination for PCR and virus isolation. After the booster vaccination, these 27 horses seroconverted, however 2 horses responded poorly as measured by ELISA. In Group 1 ELISA and VN antibodies declined between 5 to 7 months post vaccination (pv). Twelve months later, the antibody levels in most of the horses decreased to the seronegative range until the annual booster where all horses again seroconverted strongly. In Group 2, ELISA antibodies were positive after the first booster and VN antibodies started to appear for some serotypes after primary vaccination. After booster vaccination, VN antibodies increased in a different pattern for each serotype. Antibodies remained high for 12 months and increased strongly after the annual booster in 78% of the horses. PCR and virus isolation results remained negative. CONCLUSIONS: Horses vaccinated with single serotypes need a booster after 6 months and simultaneously immunised horses after 12 months. Due to the non-availability of a facility in the UAE, no challenge infection could be carried out.


Asunto(s)
Virus de la Enfermedad Equina Africana/inmunología , Enfermedad Equina Africana/prevención & control , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Enfermedad Equina Africana/sangre , Animales , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Caballos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Serogrupo , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/administración & dosificación , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/inmunología , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificación
11.
Beilstein J Org Chem ; 16: 611-615, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32280389

RESUMEN

Copper catalysis allows the direct oxygen alkenylation of dialkyl phosphonates with alkenyl(aryl)iodonium salts with selective transfer of the alkenyl group. This novel methodology proceeds with a wide range of phosphonates under mild conditions and gives straightforward access to valuable enol phosphonates in very good yields.

12.
J Shoulder Elbow Surg ; 27(1): 112-117, 2018 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29100710

RESUMEN

HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the functional and surgical outcomes following lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability in an athletic population. METHODS: All US military service members who underwent LUCL reconstruction between 2008 and 2013 were identified. A retrospective chart review was performed, and the prospective Mayo Elbow Performance Score and QuickDASH (short version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire) score were obtained. The primary outcomes were return to preinjury activity and resolution of symptoms. RESULTS: We identified 23 patients with a mean age of 31.6 ± 7.2 years (range, 19-46 years), and 87% were men. A history of instability and/or dislocation was reported by 11 patients (48%), and 8 patients (35%) had undergone prior elbow surgery. At final follow-up of 4.6 ± 1.8 years (range, 2.2-7.6 years), all patients demonstrated significant decreases in pain (average pain score, 4 vs 1.34) with resolution of instability and achieved a functional arc of motion. After surgical reconstruction, 83% were able to return to prior activity, whereas 4 patients (17%) underwent medical separation, including 3 with elbow disability precluding continued service (13%). Overall 83% of patients reported good to excellent outcomes by the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, and 96% of patients reported no significant disability by the QuickDASH disability evaluation. Postoperatively, 4 patients (17%) experienced complications, with 3 (13%) requiring reoperation. CONCLUSION: Although the diagnosis and surgical management of isolated LUCL injury are relatively infrequent, LUCL reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability offers a reliable return to preinjury level of function among active individuals with intense upper extremity demands. However, although function reliably improves, the rate of perioperative complications is greater than 15%.


Asunto(s)
Articulación del Codo , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/cirugía , Personal Militar , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Colateral Cubital , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Recuperación de la Función , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven
13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28559247

RESUMEN

Combination therapy including colistin and a carbapenem has been found to be associated with lower mortality in the treatment of bloodstream infections (BSI) due to KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae when the isolates show a meropenem or imipenem MIC of <16 mg/liter. However, the optimal treatment of BSI caused by colistin- and high-level carbapenem-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae is unknown. A prospective cohort study including episodes of bacteremia caused by colistin-resistant and high-level meropenem-resistant (MIC ≥ 64 mg/liter) KPC-producing K. pneumoniae diagnosed from July 2012 to February 2016 was performed. The impact of combination therapy on crude 30-day mortality was analyzed by Cox regression using a propensity score as a covariate to control for indication bias and in an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) cohort. The study sample comprised 104 patients, of which 32 (30.8%) received targeted monotherapy and 72 (69.2%) received targeted combination therapy; none of them received either colistin or a carbapenem. The 30-day crude mortality rate was 30.8% (43.8% in patients treated with monotherapy and 25% in patients receiving combination therapy). In the Cox regression analysis, 30-day mortality was independently associated with septic shock at BSI onset (hazard ratio [HR], 6.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 21.9; P = 0.006) and admission to the critical care unit (HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 0.99 to 8.27; P = 0.05). Targeted combination therapy was associated with lower mortality only in patients with septic shock (HR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.67; P = 0.01). These results were confirmed in the Cox regression analysis of the IPTW cohort. Combination therapy is associated with reduced mortality in patients with bacteremia due to colistin-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae with high-level carbapenem resistance in patients with septic shock.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bacteriemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Colistina/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Infecciones por Klebsiella/tratamiento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Choque Séptico/tratamiento farmacológico , Tienamicinas/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Fosfomicina/uso terapéutico , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Infecciones por Klebsiella/mortalidad , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Masculino , Meropenem , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Minociclina/análogos & derivados , Minociclina/uso terapéutico , Estudios Prospectivos , Tigeciclina
14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27895014

RESUMEN

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is a recently approved ß-lactam-ß-lactamase inhibitor combination with the potential to treat serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant organisms. Few patients with such infections were included in the CAZ-AVI clinical trials, and clinical experience is lacking. We present a case series of patients with infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPa) who were treated with CAZ-AVI salvage therapy on a compassionate-use basis. Physicians who had prescribed CAZ-AVI completed a case report form. We used descriptive statistics to summarize patient characteristics and treatment outcomes. We used the Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher's exact test to compare patients by treatment outcome. The sample included 36 patients infected with CRE and two with CRPa. The most common infections were intra-abdominal. Physicians categorized 60.5% of patients as having life-threatening infections. All but two patients received other antibiotics before CAZ-AVI, for a median of 13 days. The median duration of CAZ-AVI treatment was 16 days. Twenty-five patients (65.8%) concurrently received other antibiotics to which their pathogen was nonresistant in vitro Twenty-eight patients (73.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 56.9 to 86.6%) experienced clinical and/or microbiological cure. Five patients (20.8%) with documented microbiological cure died, whereas 10 patients (71.4%) with no documented microbiological cure died (P = 0.01). In three-quarters of cases, CAZ-AVI (alone or combined with other antibiotics) cured infections caused by carbapenem-resistant organisms, 95% of which had failed previous therapy. Microbiological cure was associated with improved survival. CAZ-AVI shows promising clinical results for infections for which treatment options are limited.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Azabiciclo/uso terapéutico , Carbapenémicos/uso terapéutico , Ceftazidima/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Compuestos de Azabiciclo/farmacología , Carbapenémicos/farmacología , Ceftazidima/farmacología , Combinación de Medicamentos , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/patogenicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Klebsiella oxytoca/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella oxytoca/patogenicidad , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/patogenicidad , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidad , Terapia Recuperativa
15.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 89(2): 1175-1188, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28489191

RESUMEN

Detection of virulent strains associated with aquatic environment is a current concern for the management and control of human and animal health. Thus, Vibrio diversity was investigated in four estuaries from state of Ceará (Pacoti, Choró, Pirangi and Jaguaribe) followed by antimicrobial susceptibility to different antimicrobials used in aquaculture and detection of main virulence factors to human health. Isolation and identification were performed on TCBS agar (selective medium) and dichotomous key based on biochemical characteristics, respectively. Nineteen strains of genus Vibrio were catalogued. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Choró River) and V. alginolyticus (Pacoti River) were the most abundant species in the four estuaries. All strains were submitted to disk diffusion technique (15 antimicrobials were tested). Resistance was found to: penicillin (82%), ampicillin (54%), cephalotin (7%), aztreonan (1%), gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (0.5%). Five pathogenic strains were chosen to verification of virulence factors. Four estuaries showed a high abundance of species. High number of tested positive strains for virulence is concerning, since some of those strains are associated to human diseases, while others are known pathogens of aquatic organisms.


Asunto(s)
Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Estuarios , Ríos/microbiología , Vibrio/efectos de los fármacos , Vibrio/patogenicidad , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Organismos Acuáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Organismos Acuáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Organismos Acuáticos/patogenicidad , Brasil , Mapeo Geográfico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Vibrio/aislamiento & purificación , Virulencia , Factores de Virulencia , Microbiología del Agua
16.
Aten Primaria ; 49(5): 278-285, 2017 May.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27890302

RESUMEN

AIM: To identify the facilitators and barriers experienced by professional related to end of life care in nursing homes. DESIGN: Descriptive qualitative research with phenomenological orientation, through content analysis. PLACEMENT: Nursing Homes at Primary Care District in Granada (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen clinical professionals with, at least 6 months of experience in nursing homes, without specific background in palliative care. METHODS: Three focus groups were undertaken with professionals of different disciplines and nursing homes. Interviews were recorded and transcribed literally. An open and axial coding was performed to identify relevant categories. RESULTS: Professionals identified difficulties in the communication with families related to relatives' feelings of guilt, difficulty in understanding the deterioration of their relative, and addressing too late the issue of death. Regarding decision making, professionals recognized that they do not encourage participation of patients. Advance directives are valued as a necessary tool, but they do not contemplate implementing them systematically. Other difficulties that professionals highlighted are lack of coordination with other professionals, related to misunderstanding of patients' needs, as well as lack of training, and lack of material and human resources. Facilitators include relationships with primary care teams. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to improve communication among nursing homes professionals, families, patients and other health workers.


Asunto(s)
Hogares para Ancianos , Casas de Salud , Cuidado Terminal , Adulto , Anciano , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Autoinforme , Adulto Joven
19.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc ; 24(10): 3329-3338, 2016 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26387125

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Hospital readmission is emerging as an important quality measure, yet modifiable predictors of readmission remain unknown. This study was designed to identify risk factors for readmission following revision total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset was queried to identify patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty from 2011 to 2012. Patient demographics, medical co-morbidities, laboratory values, surgical characteristics and surgical outcomes were examined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify significant predictors for readmission within 30 days of discharge. RESULTS: There were 108 readmissions (6.2 %) among 1754 patients. Risk factors for readmission included a history of transient ischaemic attack/cerebrovascular accident (OR 3.47; 13 95 % CI 1.30, 9.25), female sex (OR 1.75, 95 % CI 1.15, 2.68) and general anaesthesia (OR 14 1.74, 95 % CI 1.09, 2.79). Hypertension treated with medication (OR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.39, 0.96) was associated with a lower risk of readmission. Post-operative complications that were significant predictors of hospital readmission included periprosthetic joint infection (OR 15.09, 95 % CI 5.57, 40.91), superficial wound infection (OR 16.57, 95 % CI 5.82, 47.22) and deep venous thrombosis (OR 8.59, 95 % CI 2.36, 31.24). CONCLUSIONS: The preferred use of neuraxial anaesthesia and coordinated discharge planning in patients with a history of transient ischaemic attack/cerebrovascular accident may reduce the risk of readmission following discharge after revision total knee arthroplasty. Additionally, patients with post-operative infections and deep venous thrombosis following these procedures can benefit from close observation in the first weeks following discharge to minimize the likelihood of readmission. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.


Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/efectos adversos , Readmisión del Paciente , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Readmisión del Paciente/normas , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
20.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 70(3): 905-13, 2015 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25344809

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial therapy for sepsis caused by carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is not well established. We hypothesized that the early use of gentamicin in cases due to susceptible organisms would decrease the crude mortality rate of this infection. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study examined 50 cases of sepsis caused by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae occurring between June 2012 and February 2013 during an outbreak of K. pneumoniae ST512 producing KPC-3, SHV-11 and TEM-1. Survival curves categorized by the use of gentamicin were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Eight multivariate models using Cox regression were designed to study the risk factors for mortality and test the hypothesis. RESULTS: The 30 day crude mortality rate was 38%. The use of targeted gentamicin was associated with reduced mortality (20.7% versus 61.9%, P = 0.02). In all multivariate regression models, the use of gentamicin was independently associated with lower mortality until Day 30 (HR 0.17-0.29, P = 0.03-0.002 depending on the model) after controlling for other potential confounding variables such as age, optimal treatment, renal function, severity of infection, underlying disease, use of tigecycline and previous hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Gentamicin reduced the mortality from sepsis caused by this K. pneumoniae ST512 clone producing KPC-3, SHV-11 and TEM-1.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Klebsiella/tratamiento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Carbapenémicos/farmacología , Estudios de Cohortes , Colistina/farmacología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Infecciones por Klebsiella/epidemiología , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Infecciones por Klebsiella/mortalidad , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Sepsis/epidemiología , Sepsis/microbiología , Sepsis/mortalidad , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven
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